A case of Marshall-White syndrome is reported.A 27-year-old male presented with leukoplakia on the upper limbs that had increased progressively for over four years.Multiple scat-tered round or quasi-round white spots with a diameter of about 0.2-1.0 cm could be seen on the upper limbs.The lesion boundary was clear, and the surface was smooth and free of scales.The white spots could be seen to fade or even disappear after rubbing or raising the arms.The dermo-scopic examination showed a white unstructured area with a light red background and multiple scattered punctate globular telangiectasia around the upper limbs.After the upper limbs were lifted or rubbed, the background skin color could be seen, the white unstructured area was obviously lighter than before, and the original dot globular telangiectasia around it was significantly reduced. The diagnosis was Marshall-White syndrome.No treatment was given.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of berberine hydro-chloride on the antibacterial activity of penicillin against Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria gonor-rhoeae（PPNG）, offering new insights for the prevention and treatment of highly drug-resistant PPNG.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）of berberine hydrochloride com-bined with penicillin against PPNG strains were determined using microbroth dilution and checker-board assays, with fractional inhibitory concentration（FIC）indices calculated to assess antibacte-rial efficacy.TEM DNA mutations were detected via gene sequencing.TEM mRNA expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR.Penicillinase was extracted by ultrasonic disruption, and its activity was assessed using the dual-wavelength colorimetric Amplite assay kit.Results The MIC range of the berberine hydrochloride-only treatment against PPNG was 0.03～128 μg/mL. The MIC of penicillin decreased by ≥4-fold and the FIC index was ≤0.5 when berberine hydrochlo-ride was combined with penicillin against PPNG, demonstrating the synergistic antibacterial effects of these two compounds.The combined antibacterial strategy did not induce mutations in TEM genes, but it decreased penicillinase activity（P＜0.05）through downregulating the mRNA ex-pression of TEM（2-ΔΔCt＜1）.Conclusions Berberine hydrochloride not only directly inhibits PPNG growth but also restores penicillin sensitivity by down-regulating TEM gene expression and inhibiting penicillinase activity.These findings showed that berberine hydrochloride is an antibiotic adjuvant against PPNG.
Keloids have a high recurrence after surgical excision and are hard to completely cure.Postoperative radiotherapy has become a comprehensive treatment for keloid after surgical excision and is widely used in clinical practice.Postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduces re-currence rates and improves treatment efficacy by inhibiting abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen deposition, while maintaining an overall acceptable safety profile with mild, preventable adverse reactions.The intervention timepoint and radiotherapy dose are key parame-ters influencing clinical outcomes.Early intervention within 2 hours post-surgery yields optimal ef-ficacy, with single-dose 1 0 Gy electron-beam radiotherapy or 20 Gy fractionated into 5 low-dose sessions as preferred clinical regimens.A safe and effective treatment window is within 24 hours. Compared with radiotherapy alone, combined regimens such as postoperative radiotherapy com-bined with botulinum toxin type A injections or refined suturing techniques can further optimize scar repair and reduce the risk of recurrence.In addition, the efficacy of radiotherapy varies across populations and body sites.Specifically, the high-tension skin areas and younger patients are at a higher risk of recurrence, making them candidates for postoperative radiotherapy.In sum-mary, postoperative radiotherapy is an efficient and safe adjuvant after surgical excision.Personal-ized radiotherapy dose, treatment timepoint, and combined regimens, patient education, and im-proved multidisciplinary collaboration enhance the efficacy and mitigate risks.In the future, we should extend to large-sample, high-quality studies to promote personalized medicine.
Scars represent a common outcome of aberrant tissue remodeling following wound healing.The hypertrophic scars and keloids cause pain, pruritus, cosmetic disfigurement, and functional impairment, which carry significant psychological and social consequences for patients. Scar management has shifted from single-modality treatment to a multidisciplinary strategy incorpo-rating risk stratification, early intervention, and multimodal therapy.We reviewed the recent pro-gresses in scar management including clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials, silicone-based prevention, pressure therapy, tension-reduction techniques, intralesional corticosteroids,5-fluorouracil（5-FU）, bleomycin, and botulinum toxin type A（BoNT-A）, vascular and ablative laser therapy, laser-assisted drug delivery, surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy, and e-merging approaches such as regenerative medicine, exosomes, tissue engineering, and nano-ena-bled delivery et al.Current studies have shown that silicone, tension reduction, and pressure ther-apy are suitable for early prevention; the intralesional and energy-based therapies are suitable for active lesions; and the excision is not the only strategy because of the high recurrence risk.Future investigations are required for precision treatment guided by the standardized outcomes, patient-re-ported measures, long-term follow-up and molecular profiling.
Facial aging is a degenerative process involving the skin, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal structures, which is characterized by skin laxity, volume loss, blurred contours, and the coexistence of dynamic and static wrinkles.Currently, single-modality treatments are insufficient to address increasingly complex aging concerns, whereas comprehensive anti-aging strategies have emerged as the primary clinical management approach for facial aging due to their synergistic effects, prolonged efficacy, and reduced side effects.This review summarized the multilayered physiological mechanisms underlying facial aging, including epidermal atrophy, dermal degrada-tion of collagen and elastin, subcutaneous fat atrophy, ligamentous laxity, and muscular tension imbalance.We also reviewed the assessment methods of facial aging, including Glogau grading, Fitzpatrick skin typing, VISIA imaging, and 3D modeling.Furthermore, we proposed a personal-ized combination therapy principle based on aging stages, skin types, and individual needs, and detailed the synergistic mechanisms and representative protocols integrating injectables, energy-based devices, and regenerative therapies.Finally, this review emphasizes the treatment se-quence, complication prevention, and long-term maintenance, aiming to provide a scientific and systematic framework for facial rejuvenation in the clinic.
Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor characterized by high invasiveness and metasta-sis.Genomic mutations drive dysregulation of the immune microenvironment and the intracellular signaling network in melanoma.These pathways can be functionally classified into three catego-ries:key pathways governing tumor initiation and progression, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT, which drive cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming via BRAF; phenotypic and invasive pathways, including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin and Notch, which multidimensionally regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and malignant progression; microenvironmental and immune es-cape pathways, such as NF-κB, Hedgehog, PD-1 /PD-L1 and cuproptosis, which reshape tumor phenotypes by coupling redox homeostasis with immune suppression.Here, we reviewed the signa-ling pathways associated with melanoma and summarized novel biotherapeutic strategies across four aspects:gene editing and transcriptional regulation, nucleic acid-targeted therapy, novel delivery carriers and biological agents, and natural active molecules and small-molecule targeted therapy, aiming to provide new insights for the precise intervention in melanoma.
We report a case of primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma.A 74-year-old male was diagnosed with a small lesion located on the lower eyelid of his right eye three years ago.The lesion had progressively enlarged over the past six months.Dermatological examination showed a purple lesion on the lower eyelid of the right eye, approximately 4 cm ×3 cm, characterized by a clear boundary, a soft texture and dilated capillaries.Further ultrasonography suggested a potential malignant transformation with a cystic-solid lesion.Immunohistochemistry（IHC）confirmed the primary skin mucinous carcinoma with CK7（+）, CK20（-）, CDX2（-）, TTF -1（-）, MSH2 （+）, MSH6（+）, MLH1（+）, PMS2（+）, HER2（0）, GATA-3（+）.Subsequently, the sur-gical intervention involved local enlarged excision of the lesion in the lower right eyelid with pedi-cle muscle flap transfer, as well as peripheral nerve entrapment release and repair of the facial de-fect under general anesthesia.IHC examinations confirmed that the primary skin mucinous carci-noma showed no capsule invasion, vascular, or neural infiltration.Immunohistochemistry demon-strated CK7（+）, ER（+, strong, positive rate 90%）, PR（+, strong, positive rate 80%）, AR（+, strong, positive rate 90%）, Ki-67（+, approximately 1 5%）, P53（weak+, approxi-mately 40%）, GCDFP1 5（partially+）, GATA-3（+）, Villin（-）, CK20（-）.The patient is still under follow-up.
Objective To investigate the effects of intense pulsed light（IPL）combined with chemical peeling on skin surface physiological parameters in patients with mild to moderate acne. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with mild to moderate acne who visited the Depart-ment of Dermatology at Emergency General Hospital from January 2024 to June 2025 were enrolled in this study.The cohort was randomly divided into three groups（40 patients per group）:Group A received IPL only; Group B received chemical peeling only; and Group C received both IPL and chemical peeling.The treatment course lasted three months, with monthly intervals.The clinical efficacy, incidence of adverse reactions, and skin surface physiological parameters were compared among three groups.Results Group C achieved 1 00% effectiveness, while Group A and Group B were both 97.50%.However, there were no statistically significant differences in treatment effec-tiveness among the three groups（P=0.600）.Before treatment, there were no significant differ-ences in surface pigment area, pore count, porphyrin count, or skin smoothness among the three groups of patients（F=0.22,0.05,0.1 6,0.1 7; P=0.804,0.952,0.856,0.847, respective-ly）.After treatment, there were significant differences in surface pigment area, pore count, por-phyrin count, and skin smoothness among the three groups（F=8.92,3.48,25.44,28.38, re-spectively; P＜0.001, P=0.034, P＜0.001, P＜0.001, respectively）.Further pairwise com-parisons showed that the surface pigment area in Group C was lower than that in Group A and Group B（t=3.69,3.62, respectively, both P＜0.001）, the pore count in Group C was lower than that in Group A and Group B（t=2.28,2.29, respectively; P=0.025 and 0.024）, the porphyrin count in Group C was lower than that in Group A and Group B（t=6.52 and 5.76, both P＜0.001）, and the skin smoothness in Group C was higher than that in Group A and Group B（t=-6.09, -6.89, respectively, both P＜0.001）.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups（P=0.857）.Conclusions Intense pulsed light combined with chemical peeling can effectively improve the skin color of patients with mild to moderate acne, reduce the number of pores and porphyrin fluorescence intensity, and the effect is significant.
Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic clues, and management of mycosis fungoides（MF）presenting with palmoplantar eczema-like lesions.Methods A retro-spective analysis of the clinical data of a patient with MF initially misdiagnosed as palmoplantar ec-zema was conducted.Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology from multiple sites, immunohisto-chemistry, and T-cell receptor（TCR）gene rearrangement analysis.Results The patient had a 4-year history of refractory palmoplantar lesions and had failed multiple systemic therapies.Re-peated biopsies confirmed MF.Treatment with methotrexate, combined with local radiotherapy and phototherapy, resulted in marked improvement in erythema, infiltration, and scaling.Conclusions MF should be considered if a patient has chronic palmoplantar eczema-like lesions that are per-sistent or treatment-resistant.Immunophenotyping and TCR clonality analysis of the repeated biop-sies are necessary for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
Objective To investigate the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii extract（TWE）on the epidermal permeability barrier in mice with skin inflammation.Methods A total of 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group,1 2-O-tetrade-canoylphorbol-1 3-acetate（TPA）group, TPA+vehicle group, and TPA+0.3% TWE group.Ex-cept for the normal control group, mice in the other groups were induced to develop irritant contact dermatitis using TPA.The treatment groups were topically administered with vehicle and 0.3% TWE, respectively.Another 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a normal control group,1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene（DNFB）group, DNFB+vehicle group, and DNFB +0.3% TWE group.Mice in all groups except the normal control group were established with allergic con-tact dermatitis models via DNFB application.The treatment groups received topical vehicle and 0.3% TWE correspondingly.A skin physiological monitor was used to measure transepidermal wa-ter loss（TEWL）, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH value before treatment, as well as on day 2,4,6,8,1 0,1 2 and 1 4 after continuous topical administration.Fifteen C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, vehicle group and 0.3% TWE group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect the mRNA expression level of filaggrin in the mouse epidermis of each group.Results In the irritant contact dermatitis mod-el, topical TWE significantly improved stratum corneum hydration levels and reduced transepider-mal water loss rates starting from day 4（P＜0.001）, and reversed the TPA-induced elevation in skin surface pH from day 8（P＜0.001）.In the allergic contact dermatitis model, topical TWE markedly increased stratum corneum hydration levels（P＜0.001）and decreased transepidermal water loss rates（P＜0.05）from day 4, while no significant alteration was observed in skin sur-face pH throughout the experiment.Compared with the normal control group, topical TWE signifi-cantly upregulated the mRNA expression of filaggrin in mouse epidermis（P＜0.001）.Conclu-sions Topical TWE helps repair the epidermal permeability barrier in dermatitis mice, and re-store skin hydration levels and acidity.Its underlying mechanism may be related to the alleviation of inflammation-mediated inhibition of filaggrin gene transcription by TWE.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety characteristics of spesolimab in real-world clinical practice among patients with generalized pustular psoriasis（GPP）.Methods A combination of retrospective case series analysis and systematic literature review was employed. Clinical data of 5 GPP patients treated with spesolimab in our center were collected.All relevant published case reports from China were collected through a literature search.Observation indica-tors included time to complete pustule clearance, GPP Physician Global Assessment（GPPGA） score, GPP Area and Severity Index（GPPASI）score, and adverse events.Results A total of 31 patients were pooled for further analysis.The median time to complete pustule clearance was 2 days, with 45.1 6%（1 4/31）achieving clearance within 48 hours.All patients showed significant decreases in GPPGA and GPPASI scores on day 7 compared to the baseline.Five pregnant pa-tients and several elderly patients with severe comorbidities had good outcomes after treatment.In real-world practice,8 patients received an initial combination therapy of spesolimab and glucocor-ticoids.Regarding safety, the overall tolerability was good, but 32.26%（1 0/31）of patients ex-perienced exacerbation of pre-existing psoriatic erythema or developed new erythema.Conclusions In real-world clinical practice, spesolimab demonstrates rapid and potent efficacy in inducing remission in 31 Chinese GPP patients, including those who are pregnant or have complex comor-bidities.Combination with glucocorticoids is a common and effective strategy for managing severe cases.Close attention must be paid to its characteristic reaction of potentially exacerbating pre-ex-isting psoriatic lesions, and a comprehensive treatment plan encompassing both acute rescue and long-term management should be formulated.
Objective To investigate the effect of TREM2 on the inflammatory response at lesional sites of bullous pemphigoid (BP) by regulating macrophage efferocytosis. Methods We analyzed the expression of TREM2, the proportion and function of TREM2 +MΦs using the single cell RNA-sequencing data of lesional skin tissues from BP patients (NGDC# HRA003993) . Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) , enriched signaling pathways, and functional differences between TREM2 +MΦs and TREM2 - MΦs, and the correlation between TREM2 expression and inflammatory factor levels in BP skin lesions. Additionally, H&E and immunofluorescence staining of C3 were used to evaluate the pathological changes in the lesional skin tissues. The number of TREM2 +MΦs in BP skin lesions was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from (wild type, WT) and Trem2 knockout (Trem2 KO) mice were cultured in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to assess the efferocytic capacity of macrophages and to determine the effect of TREM2 expression on apoptotic cell clearance. Results The lesional skin of BP patients showed typical clinical and pathological features of this disease. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed a significant increase in the number of TREM2 +MΦs in BP lesions compared to normal skin (P＜0.001) , indicating a marked enrichment of this cell population in BP lesions. Furthermore, the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, as well as the chemokines, CCL2 and CCL13, were significantly higher in BP lesional tissues and blister fluid than in normal skin (P＜0.01) , and their expression levels correlated positively with TREM2 expression. For cellular phenotype, TREM2 +MΦs in BP lesional tissues expressed monocyte markers (CD14 and FCGR3A) and M2-type macrophage markers (CD163 and MRC1) , suggesting potential immunomodulatory functions. Functional analyses showed that TREM2 +MΦs exhibited significant enrichment of genes associated with efferocytosis pathways and demonstrated significantly enhanced efferocytic capacity compared with TREM2 - MΦs (P ＜0.01) . Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that TREM2 expression tended to correlate positively with IL-10 (P=0.08) and negatively with IL-18 (P =0.01) and IL-33 (P=0.09) , suggesting that TREM2 -MΦs may suppress local inflammation through efferocytosis. Conclusion The increased TREM2 +MΦs in BP lesional tissues may suppress inflammatory responses through efferocytosis.
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, current management and trends of patients with localized scleroderma (LS) , aiming to improve the understanding of this disease. Methods Clinical data of LS patients diagnosed at Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2019 and December 2024 were collected. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to describe patients'demographics (sex, age) , clinical manifestations (lesion type, distribution, disease duration) , laboratory findings, and treatment regimens. The differences in lesion site and treatment strategy across different clinical subtypes were evaluated. Results A total of 448 LS patients were included, comprising 327 females and 121 males, with a median age at onset of 21 years (interquartile range:9,33) , and a female-to-male ratio of 2.7∶ 1. The clinical subtypes of LS were predominantly plaque type (47.32%) , followed by linear type (40.00%) , and generalized type (10.71%) . There was a significant variation in lesion distribution across these different subtypes (P＜0.001) . Only a small proportion of patients (1.56%) reported clinical symptoms such as joint limitation or numbness. Treatment approaches varied with the phase of the disease, with patients in the active phase more frequently receiving a combination of topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and phototherapy compared to those in the inactive phase (P＜0.05) . Additionally, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors were utilized relatively often in the clinical management of LS. Conclusions LS predominantly affects children aged 0-12 years and young to middle-aged adults aged 19-40 years. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. Systemic therapy is more widely applied in patients with active disease, and novel targeted agents, particularly JAK inhibitors, are increasingly utilized in clinical practice. However, their long-term efficacy and safety require further investigation.
Objective To establish a prediction model for systemic sclerosis(SSc)-related in-terstitial lung disease(ILD)using LASSO-regularized logistic regression.Methods Patients di-agnosed with systemic sclerosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Janu-ary 2019 to June 2024 were included as study subjects.They were divided into a case group(99 cases,SSc-ILD group)and a control group(62 cases,SSc-non-ILD group)based on the pres-ence or absence of interstitial lung disease.Univariate analysis and LASSO regression were first used for variable screening,with the selected variables serving as independent variables in multi-variate logistic regression.Based on the final independently identified risk factors,a predictive model was established using R software,and its discrimination ability,calibration level,and clini-cal efficacy were evaluated.Results A prediction model established based on LASSO-logistic re-gression included five predictors:the dcSSc subtype,cough,digital ulcers,positivity for anti-Scl-70 antibodies,and lower serum albumin levels.Based on these factors,a diagnostic prediction model was established.The ROC curve demonstrated an AUC of 0.815(95％CI:0.748～0.882),indicating good discriminative ability.The calibration curve closely approximated the ref-erence line,showing excellent calibration performance.The DCA results revealed that this clinical prediction model exhibited high net benefit across a broad range of thresholds,demonstrating strong clinical utility.Conclusion The prediction model developed in this study to predict inter-stitial lung disease(ILD)in patients with SSc demonstrates good clinical applicability.
Research has found that both psoriasis and obesity exhibit disturbances in energy metabolism, such as impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. They share significant elevations in the levels of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids, constituting characteristic metabolic reprogramming of amino acids, accompanied by remodeling of complex lipid homeostasis involving phospholipids, sphingolipids, and steroid metabolism. In-depth analysis indicates that these shared metabolic abnormalities form a“metabolic-inflammatory”vicious cycle by persistently activating key inflammatory pathways such as mTOR and NF-κB and perturbing inflammatory regulatory hubs like tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. This cycle acts as a“metabolic bridge”linking the two diseases. Animal studies further suggest that saturated fatty acid / bile acid metabolism disorders and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are key links in the aggravation of psoriasis by obesity. These findings provide new integrated perspectives for understanding the comorbidity mechanisms of psoriasis and obesity, and also offer a theoretical basis for future discovery of comorbidity biomarkers and development of intervention strategies targeting shared metabolic pathways. This article aims to systematically review the potential metabolic basis of the comorbidity between psoriasis and obesity by integrating metabolomics data.
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of autologous chylous fat transplantation in improving facial wrinkles,skin laxity,and enlarged pores in subjects with moderate to severe facial photoaging,as well as to ascertain its clinical applicability and safety.Methods A total of 20 subjects with moderate to severe facial photoaging admitted to our hospital from June 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled,all of whom underwent autologous chylous fat transplantation.Fat was harvested from their thighs or abdomen,purified,and emulsified into chylous fat,which was then precisely injected into the areas with facial wrinkles and enlarged pores.Before surgery and three months after surgery,Glogau's four-grade photoaging classification was used to evaluate the grade of facial wrinkles.An ElastiMeter skin firmness tester was employed to measure skin firmness,while a five-point photographic scale was used to quantitatively assess pore improvement.The oc-currence of postoperative complications was recorded.Results At 3 months after surgery,the av-erage grade of facial wrinkles decreased from 3.52±0.80 preoperatively to 2.03±0.30(t=0.43,P=0.011).Skin firmness increased from 20.34±3.80 to 29.51±5.50(t=0.32,P=0.001),and the average grade of pores reduced from 3.70±1.21 to 2.10±1.01(t=0.65,P=0.012).Postoperatively,there were 1 case of edema and 1 case of fat necrosis,with no serious adverse events observed.Conclusions Autologous chylous fat transplantation can significantly im-prove wrinkles,skin laxity,and enlarged pores caused by facial photoaging.The incidence of postoperative complications was low,indicating that this treatment is safe and effective for the treatment of facial photoaging.
Immunological skin diseases are a group of autoimmune disorders characterized by complex pathogenesis. Recent research has identified targeting metabolism-related genes and their pathways as a promising therapeutic strategy. The CYP gene family can modulate the AHR-CYP axis and vitamin D metabolism to suppress immune hyperactivation and optimize drug efficacy. The NR family, centered on nuclear receptors such as PPAR and LXR, orchestrates lipid metabolism and cell differentiation to achieve the dual benefits of anti-inflammation and barrier repair. Interventions targeting ABC transporters can influence drug transport, thereby affecting the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of medications. The SLC family remodels glucose and amino acid metabolism to block the activation of immune cells such as Th17. Furthermore, the KLK family improves pruritus and barrier dysfunction by balancing proteolysis and the PAR2 pathway, while the SREBP family inhibits inflammasome activation through homeostatic regulation. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advances in these six major metabolism-related gene families in the treatment of immunological skin diseases, providing new perspectives for clinical therapy.
Objective This study aimed to construct a prodrug(PPA-SS-AA)by linking py-ropheophorbide-a(PPA)with arachidonic acid(AA)via a disulfide bond and to prepare self-as-sembled nanoparticles using this prodrug.The goal was to address the poor water solubility and in-sufficient targeting of PPA and to further evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of this nanosystem for photodynamic therapy(PDT)against melanoma in vitro.Methods The PPA-SS-AA prodrug was synthesized via EDCI/DMAP-catalyzed esterification and co-assembled with DSPE-PEG2000 into nanoparticles using the nanoprecipitation method.The particle size,polydispersity index(PDI),and Zeta potential of the nanoparticles were characterized using a nanoparticle size analy-zer.The dark toxicity and phototoxicity of the nanoparticles were assessed by the CCK-8 assay in mouse melanoma B16 cells.Cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was investigated using flow cytom-etry and confocal microscopy.Apoptosis,cell death,and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation were evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry,Cal-cein-AM/PI live-dead cell staining,and the DCFH-DA ROS probe,respectively.Results PA-SS-AA was successfully synthesized,and monodisperse nanoparticles with a particle size of 132.73 nm,a PDI of 0.102,and a Zeta potential of-23.24 mV were prepared.In vitro experiments showed that these nanoparticles could be efficiently taken up by B16 cells and exhibited a potent photodynamic killing effect under 633 nm laser irradiation,with an IC50 value of 14.43 μg/mL.Compared to the non-irradiated group,the cell viability in the irradiated group decreased to 12.3％(P＜0.001),with an apoptosis rate of 51.95％,which was 5.89 times higher than that in the non-irradiated group(P＜0.001).Mechanistic studies confirmed that the nanoparticles generated a large amount of ROS in the cells after irradiation,with levels 3.2 times higher than those in the non-irradiated group(P＜0.001),effectively triggering the apoptotic pathway.Con-clusions This study successfully constructs a self-assembled nano-delivery system based on PPA-SS-AA.This system significantly improves the delivery efficiency of PPA and efficiently generates ROS upon photoactivation,thereby inducing apoptosis and cell death in melanoma cells,demon-strating excellent potential for in vitro photodynamic therapy.This prodrug-based nanoplatform presents a promising new strategy for the precise treatment of melanoma.
We report a case of Dowling-Degos disease.A 47-year-old female presented with a 10-year history of black-brown macules and papules on the neck,inframammary region,axillae,groin,and external genitalia.Dermatological examination revealed symmetrical brown to black-brown macules,papules,and flat papules in the skinfold areas,such as the neck,under the breasts,armpits,abdomen,groin,and external genitalia,with some areas showing a confluent,reticular pattern.Histopathological examination of the skin lesions showed slight acanthosis with markedly elongated,finger-like epidermal rate ridges,hyperpigmentation of the basal layer,mod-erate lymphocytic infiltration in the superficial dermis,and melanophages.Diagnosis:Dowling-Degos disease.The patient declined treatment.
We report a case of superficial CD34 positive fibroblast tumor. A 49-year-old woman had a subcutaneous mass on her upper right back for more than 2 years. Physical examination revealed a firm, non-tender, and poorly mobile nodule measuring 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm, with an erythematous overlying skin. Histopathology showed a dermal neoplasm consisting of interlacing bundles of spindle cells in a whorled growth pattern and sparse mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated CD34 (diffuse+) , CK (focal+) , Ki-67 (5% +) , Pan TrK (-) , S-100 (nerve+) and SMA (a little+) . Diagnosis:Superficial CD34-positive fibroblast tumor. The mass was completely resected and no recurrence or metastasis was observed during 9 months of follow-up.
