适应度地形分析关注优化问题本身,用于提取与适应度地形特性有关的描述性或数值度量,在评估算法相对性能、对优化问题分类、指导算法设计和算法推荐等方面具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。本文介绍了进化计算的特点、分类、理论基础研究和适应度地形的定义与基本特性,总结了进化计算在适应度地形方面的设计研究,包括地形特征的设计与改进,利用地形特征对优化问题分类、指导算法设计、评估算法相对性能、指导算法选择等,并针对进化计算在适应度地形分析中存在的共性关键问题进行了讨论与展望。
语言治理观是语言规划研究的新视角,它基于我国国家新战略的需要和语言生活现实的需求而兴起.语言治理观侧重以问题为导向,倡导社会多元主体参与治理实践.其实践范式是,通过“自下而上”吸纳民意的底层设计,一方面了解宏观语言政策与规划的实施状况,另一方面通过培育基层和民众而形成社会参与力.这一范式可有效确保宏观顶层设计的落实质量和落实效果.
The different psychologists would use and grasp different metaphors in the thought evolution and theoretical construct of psychology.The investigating and explaining of the metaphor have to give psychology a kind of research distinction, and involuntairly, a kind of exploration deepening and constructing.In the special meanings, the history of development of psychology has to be the history of metaphors changing the testimony of psychological development.The development of psychological theories has been following psychological metaphors changings.The channels that metaphor research gets into psychology include metaphor that psychology would explore and that exist in psychological research.Those would become many different disciplines for a joint job, mutual cooperation, interplaying promotion and multiple application, regardless of catching metaphor existences, revealing metaphor changes, explaining metaphor natures, determining metaphor functions or understanding metaphor meanings.
In the Yan’an period,our party led government legislation in accordance with the party’s programme and rules,timely adjustments in party and administrative work,party discipline and judicial authority,and actively carried out valuable exploration and practice in these respects,such as the dialectical unity of law and the government legal system,and that the party and the political system are unified,but cannot replace each other. Party discipline,democratic politics,and government work promote each other.These experiences and wisdom have an important reference significance and value towards the construction of the contemporary socialist rule of law in China.
To solve the high migration tendency and volatility problems of commercialized neutral ferrocene-based burning rate catalysts,eight metal salts of ferrocenyl-1H-tetrazole,including Fe (Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Ag(Ⅰ),Pb(Ⅱ) and Bi(Ⅲ) salts,were prepared with sodium ferrocenyl-1H-tetrazolate and corresponding common soluble metal salts as raw materials.The new salts were characterized by FT-IR,UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Their thermal stability was determined by TG technique and found that these salts showed good thermal stability (＞ 200 ℃).Their electrochemical behavior were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and the results suggested that most of them exhibit redox waves for the ferrocenyl groups and are considered as irreversible redox systems.Their catalytic effects on the thermal degradation of main components in solid propellants,AP,RDX and HMX,were evaluated by DSC.All the new salts can narrow the decomposition temperature span and increase the degradation rate of AP.Some of the salts enhance the heat released by RDX and shift downwards the peak temperature of RDX.However,none of the salts exert significant effect on the thermal decomposition of HMX.Therefore,the ferrocenyl-1H-tetrazole derived salts display good combustion catalytic properties for thermal disintegration of both AP and RDX.
A Review on Differences and Similarities Between Sima Qian and Ban Gu was a joint block edition of what was written by Ni Si in the South Song Dynasty and annotated by Liu Chenwong at the turn from the South Song to the Yuan Dynasty,hence the stated title of the work. This work now boasts two existing editions,i. e.,the block print by Li Yuanyang in the 16 th year of the imperial title of Jiajing,and that by Han Jingxu in the imperial title of Wanli. By comparing lexical and syntactic differences between the corresponding chapters of The Records of the Historian and The History of the Han Dynasty,A Review on Differences and Similarities between Sima Qian and Ban Gu explored gains and losses of the two works,thus establishing a new stylistic layout and mode of historical work research. Liu Chenwong’s comments presented three distinctions: emphasizing literary features,especially lexical analysis; noticing the grammatical and syntactic characteristics of the two works,and finally introducing literary critical devices to comments of historical figures.
On the basis of the market monopoly and urban primacy index,the concept of domination was proposed,and the dominating nature of capital city was measured by using the monopoly index ICRand the primate index B.Taking Xi′an city as a case,its domination in Shaanxi tourism was analyzed from six aspects including resources,investment,traffic location,travel agencies,hotels and tourism performance.The results showed that monopoly index ICRand the primate index Bare different with the different industries.Among them,monopoly index and the primate index of the tourism investment,rail and air transport,travel agencies and tourism revenue are higher than tourism resources,road transport and traffic.The monopoly index ICR are consistent with the primate index B,reflecting the correlation between the market monopoly and the first degree of rank-size.
A class of nonlocal for the singularly perturbed initial boundary value problem of the reaction diffusion equation with two small parameters is considered.Under suitable conditions,the outer solution of the original problem is solved.Using the stretched variables,composing expansion method and expanding theory of power series,the terms of the initial layer and boundary layer are constructed and the formally asymptotic solution is obtained.Finally,using the comparative theorem,the existence of solution for the original problem and the uniformly valid asymptotic expansion are discussed.
Children stories can serve as important means of children moral education for their universal moral position and metaphorical narration. However,current children moral narration lacks critical examination of moral metaphor in children stories,which is even worse than low-efficient and inefficient moral education.Take the story "The Rainbow Fish"for example. The story has a profound influence as a "share theme"children story. However,the moral relationship between group and individual demonstrates it is a "pseudo-share",under whose name are hidden selfishness,plunder and mediocricy,that is,doubtful and hazardous moral. Honestly,the story reveals something universal in human personality and is of striking literary quality as a good story,but it is not a good story of share. A misinterpretation of the story doesn't help to develop the quality of share,and even worse,it may mislead children's sympathy and consciousness of justice.
The application of the empirical likelihood method to a generalized linear model with missing responses at random is considered.Firstly,a class of empirical likelihood ratios for the unknown parameter are defined such that any ratio in the class is asymptotically chi-squared.Secondly,a class of estimators for the parameter are constructed and the asymptotic distributions of the proposed estimators are obtained.Our results can be used directly to construct confidence intervals and regions for the parameters of interest.Finally,some simulations are conducted to illustrate the proposed methods.
The theory of Kongfu in Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties was an expression of life in harmony with philosophic presentation of life on basis of practical necessity rather than a theoretical claim logically in coordination with philosophic ontology. By revivifying his realistic dilemma of life,Luo Hongxian's choice of or turn to theory of Kongfu could reach a real understanding of historical and logical integrity. His theory of Kongfu presented four forms at two stages. The initial stage demonstrated self-confidence and true faith,a form of theory of Kongfu corresponding to the view of conscience of existence,and later converted to persistence in faith and internalization,complete quietude with no desireand preserving attention by collecting mind,the other three forms of Kongfu under-painted mainly with quietude.
After water extract,ethanol extract and polysaccharides,three Allium species,inclu-ding A.fistulosum and A.ascalonicum,contents of polysaccharides in these three Allium spe-cies were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method,and their antioxidant activities were evalua-ted by ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt)and DP-PH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)assays.Average contents of polysaccharides in A.tuberos-um,A.fistulosum and A.ascalonicum were 11.40%,22.57% and 15.97%,respectively.Both ABTS· + and DPPH radical-scavenging capacities were dose dependent,and mathematical model based on dose-effect relationship had high goodness of fit.Antioxidant activities of water extract, ethanol extract were significantly better than those of polysaccharides.The three species exhibi-ted different antioxidant capacities.Among them,antioxidant activities of A.tuberosum were higher.EC50 values of ABTS ·+ radical-scavenging capacity of water extract,ethanol extract and polysaccharides from A.tuberosum were 27.46,15.58,2.05×10 3 ,respectively,and EC50 values of DPPH radical-scavenging capacity were 66.41,25.48,3.16×10 7 ,respectively.In particular, ABTS+ radical-scavenging capacity of ethanol extract was relatively close to that of vitamin C(Vc).To sum up,antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and water extract from A.tuberosum were relatively high,which showed great potential for exploitation and utilization.
The internal evaluation criteria,such as DB and BWP et al,need the upper bound of k max to be given in advance when these criteria are used to determine the number of clusters of a dataset,so that the number of clusters of k in a dataset satisfies k≤k max.However,there is not so far a theory about how to find the upper bound of k max .Aiming at this problem,a new F-sta-tistics Fr is proposed in this paper.Fr can be used as a new criterion to judge whether a clustering algorithm is converged or not,so that the number of clusters of a dataset can be found automati-cally without the upper bound of k max to be given in advance.In addition,F r is applied to the fast K-medoids clustering algorithm as its criterion to judge whether its iterations continues or not, and the geodesic distance between samples on the minimum spanning tree (MST),that is the length of the path between samples on MST,is introduced to instead of the direct Euclidean dis-tance between them to measure their similarities,so that an adaptive fast K-medoids algorithm is obtained.The adaptive K-medoids algorithm avoids the deficiencies of the available K-medoids al-gorithms which need the number of clusters to be given in advance and cannot detect the clusters with any arbitrary shape.The power of the proposed criterion Fr and the power of the adaptive fast K-medoids algorithm are tested in real world datasets from UCI machine learning repository and in the synthetic datasets.All the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed criteri-on Fr is a valid clustering criterion,and the adaptive fast K-medoids algorithm based on the F r and geodesic distance can recognize the clusters with arbitrary shape,and can detect the number of clusters automatically,and is robust to noises as well.
恽代英的文化思想,是他在长期的革命实践过程中,将马克思主义与中国文化实际相结合,思考形成的关于文化问题的理论认识.从界定文化的概念,阐释文化的内涵,到指明处理文化间相互关系的态度,表明他的文化思想成为新民主主义文化理论的重要组成部分,为近代中国文化转型和发展做出了特有的贡献,也为当前中国特色社会主义文化建设提供了宝贵的思想资源和理论启迪.
The performance difference of land consolidation projects was compared among different provinces by analytic hierarchy process and causes of performance difference were also studied.The results indicated that the performance of major grain producing provinces is better than that of ordinary provinces.The causes of performance difference were related to natural resources,national macro-control,local development intention,grain production,and fund input.
Taking Hebei province as the study area,the spatial-temporal change and influencing factors of the share coefficient of irrigation benefit from 2001 to 2011 were discussed based on province,prefecture-level city and county spatial scales,year and years time scales.The results showed that,irrigation is extremely important in Hebei province,and the mean annual sharing coefficient of irrigation benefit is 0.49 with an overall decreasing trend in past 11 years. However,the share coefficient of irrigation benefit in southeastern plain is much higher than that in northwest mountain area with a significant spatial difference.Among the 11 prefecture-level cities,the share coefficient of irrigation benefit in Hengshui is the highest and Chengde is lowest. There are many factors affecting the share coefficient of irrigation benefit,such as irrigation water,precipitation,labor input,the application of pesticide and fertilizer,mechanical power input and so on.The influence of irrigation and precipitation on the coefficient is most significant, and irrigation and labor input have positive influence on the coefficient,while other factors have negative correlation with the coefficient in Hebei province.
Chinese aesthetic forms differ from Western counterparts for they were not generated from literary styles but rose as Chinese philosophy appeared. Then they followed a course of development and evolution from integrity to division and from division to integrity as the Tao,the highest conception of Chinese philosophy,did,hence their extensive association and great control. Meanwhile,under the influence of coalescence of Chinese culture,Chinese aesthetic forms are hard to be classified and theoretically abstracted owing to inherence of their system of categorization and marriage and clan similarity between concepts. As a result,Chinese aesthetic forms resulted not only from philosophic aestheticization but also from filtering and refinement of historical and contemporary aesthetic theories. To conclude,the generation and evolution of Chinese aesthetic forms was originated from philosophy essentially because of Chinese integrate mode of thinking in ancient times.
In the practice of participating in and leading the revolution,Yun Daiying formed his individual theory of revolutionary literature,which was just the chief implication of his ideology of art. He sketched the initial framework of neo-democratic theory of art by expounding the means of creation of literature and art from the perspective of the artist's emotive attainment,elaberating the stage implications of artistic functions from the angle of anti-imperialism and anti-inactive-demand,and clarifying such empirical recognitions as ideological orientation of artistic development in terms of the objective of artistic popularization. All these ideas are of important reference to constructing the cause of China-characteristic socialist literature and art.
Three metalloporphyrin-sensitized TiO2 photocatalysts(CoTTP-TiO2,CuTTP-TiO2 and ZnTTP-TiO2)were prepared and characterized by SEM,XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy.It was found that surface modification of TiO2 by metalloporphyrins had a negligible influence on the size,dispersibility and phase structure of these photocatalysts.Their photocatalytic activities in photodegradation Rhodamine B and methylene blue were evaluated under the irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp and metal halide lamp.The results revealed that these photocatalysts exhibited higher photodegradation efficiency than bare TiO2,and CoTTP-TiO2 showed the highest photocatalytic activity.These photodegradation reactions conform to the first-order kinetic equation.
The elementary method and the analytic method are used to calculate the series +∞1∑n-11/(na2(n))s.The indentity+∞∑n=11/naksk(n))sζ2(ks)/ζ(2ks)×∏p(1+1/1+pks)×…∏p(1+1/k-2+pks) is the obtained,where ak(n) is the k-th power complement of any positiveinteger n,s is a complex number with Re(s)≥1.
