Objective To study the expression of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) on rat panceatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC) and its clinical significance involved in acute pancreatitis. Methods Primary cultured panceatic duct cells were divided into two groups, stimulated group and control group. The mRNA expression of IRAK-M, Toll like receptor-4 and downstream inflammation factors were detected by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Both stimulated group and the control group were examined at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour. Results The mRNA expression of IRAK-M was positive on pacreatic duct epithelial cells, which was significantly higher than control cells at the 12th and 24th hour after being stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IRAK-M mRNA expression decreased at the first 6 hours and then reached its peak at the 12th hour. TLR-4 mRNA primarily rose quickely, then decreased to baseline at the 12th hour. Conclusion The activation of IRAK-M was delayed in the pancreatic duct epithelial cells. IRAK-M may take part in the pathogenesis and development of acute pancreatitis through regulating TLR signaling way.
Objective To investigate the effect of pentoxifylline(PTX)on hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 64 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into PTX pretreatment group and control group.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and endothelin-1 of liver tissue were determined at different times.The expression of P-selectin in the liver tissue was located and analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.Results There was histologic evidence of liver injury.At 2h,4h of reperfusion,ALT,LDH,TNF-α and ET-1 in control group decreased compared with PTX pretreatment group(P0.01),Moreover,P-selectin staining was attenuated in control group compared with PTX pretreatment group(P0.01).Conclusion Activation of ET and cytokines contribute to microcirculatory disturbance,which is pathologic procedure of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion.PTX pretreatment can reduce liver injury through reducing TNF-α,ET-1 production and P-selectin expression.
Objective To investigate the effect of different temperature of fluid infusion on mesenteric microcirculation in acute hemorrhagic shock rabbits so as to provide a clue to improve the treatment to the patients with hemorrhagic shock.Methods An animal model of controlled hemorrhagic shock of rabbits was used.32 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:sham operated group,a warm fluid infusion group,a room temperature fluid infusion group and a cold fluid infusion group.The rabbits were then resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution.The mesenteric microcirculation in rabbits was observed.The capillary vessel diameter,the blood flow velocity of red blood cells,the number of vessels and the mean arterial pressure were measured before shock,during shock,and 1h,2h,3h after resuscitating,respectively.Results The diameter of blood vessels,red blood cells flow,micro-vascular circulation numbers and mean arterial pressure were higher than those in shock after resuscitating in all the resuscitating groups(P 0.05).Recovery in the course,mesenteric small-circle diameter,RBC velocity and mean arterial pressure of fluid infusion group are higher than those of room temperature group and hypothermia group(P0.05).In neighbouring parts of small intestine pathology results of low temperature recovery rabbit,intestinal bleeding necrosis and mucosal shedding are more common.In recovery group at room temperature and hot liquid recovery group,edema is more common.Conclusion Hemorrhagic shock can cause rabbit mesenteric microcirculation barrier.The micro-vascular diameter,the flow rate of red blood cells,micro-vascular circulation number are declining.The warm liquid recovery is helpful in improving the small mesentery microcirculation.
Objective:To study the effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on Matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 in vitro.Methods:In vitro,the MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:In vitro,human colon cancer cell line HT-29 was treated by various concentrations of EGCG(25,50,100 mg/L).After 48 hours,the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 were gradually decreased with the increasing dose of EGCG(P 0.05).Conclusion:EGCG can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 in HT-29 cell in vitro and in dose dependent manner,which may be one of the mechanisms of anti-tumor effect of EGCG.
Objective To investigate the interrelationship between the expression of VEGF and the oncosis of neuron after ICH by establishing the rat ICH model through the expression of oncosis of neuron after ICH and the cell location of VEGF-positive cells in perihematoma and the expression of VEGF. Methods The rat ICH model was induced by two-step. ICH was induced by the injection of 50 ul autologous blood into the right caudate nucleus,while 50 μl natural saline was injected in the control group. The rats were killed after 6h,24h,2d,3d,5d and 7d respectively,the morphology changes of nerve cell oncosis and count by electron microscope and the immunohistochemical method and computer image analysis were performed in rats brain by using antibody of VEGF. Results The expression of VEGF has a negative correlation with oncosis,and oncosis has a positive correlation with neurological behaviour. Conclusion VEGF may participate in the recovery after ICH.
Objective To observe the effect of As2O3 preconditioning(AsPC) agonist ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods the low,medium,high dosages AsPC were adopted before experiment. The Langendorff model of isolated rat heart was used. The ventricular function and infarction size,SOD,MDA were measured in rat hearts suffered from occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 20min and 60 min reperfusion. Results The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular systolic pressure,maximal rise rate of left ventricular pressure (+dP/dtmax),maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decay (-dP/dtmax) were significantly improved by different dosages of AsPC. The treatment with As2O3 increased SOD activity and decreased the MDA obviously. Conclusion As2O3 preconditioning can improve ventricular function which maybe related to reduced oxidative stress.
微血管的网络形态指器官中微血管的三维分布、排列样式,其中微血管包括细动脉、分支毛细血管、网状毛细血管、集合毛细血管、细静脉.为了便于观察研究,微血管的网络形态被归纳为八类:发夹型、树枝型、网囊型、丝球型、密网型、珊瑚型、球网型、菜花型[1],但这八种网络形态远不能概括全身所有微血管的立体形态.
Objective To investigate the effects of Aminoguanidine on the expression of chemokine RANTES induced by advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) in the cultured human renal mesangial cells(HRMC). Methods AGE-BSA was prepared by incubation of bovine serum albumin(BSA) with glucose at 37℃ for 12 weeks. HRMC was cultured in the presence of AGE-BSA(glucose at 50 mmol·L-1) together with aminoguanidine. RANTES mRNA was analyzed by quantitative real time RT-PCR. The contents of RANTES in the cultured supernatant and cell lysates were detected by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. Data were expressed as the mean±standard deviation. Comparisons among groups were done by one-way ANOVA. Results Both mRNA and protein expression and secretion of RANTES in the HRMC treated with aminoguanidine were significantly lower than those of AGE-BSA group. The decrease of RANTES expression in aminoguanidine group was in dose dependent manner. Conclusion Aminoguanidine could inhibit the expression and secretion of RANTES induced by AGE-BSA.
Objective To evaluate the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas and Fas Ligand(FasL)in normothermic ischemia-reperfusion(I-R)induced apoptosis in rat myocardium treated or not treated with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor.Methods Rats were divided into three groups:group 1,sham operation;group 2,control,PBS administration;group 3,Z-VAD-fmk treatment.Z-VAD-fmk was injected intravenously 2 min before induction of ischemia.Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic myocardium cells was carried out using the TUNEL method.Fas and FasL expressions were measured by qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)at different times after reperfusion.Histopathological changes in myocardium were also observed.Results FasL and Fas mRNA expressions were increased in myocardium with ischemia-reperfusion,pre-treatment of rats with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor reduced myocardium apoptosis,and down-regulated Fas/FasL mRNA levels.Conclusion These results suggest that apoptosis and the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas/FasL system are involved in the process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Objective To discuss the relations between ischemia modified albumin excretion and myocardial ischemia-related indicators. Methods73 acute coronary syndrome patients who visited doctors 3 hours after chest pain occurred were selected at random. IMA and the indicators of myocardial necrosis (CK-MB, cTnI and Myo) were detected by intravenous haemospasia at visiting (3-hour group) and 6-hour after chest pain occurred (6-hour group) to compare with the marks of 40 healthy people (Control group). ResultsIMA and Myo in 3-hour group were increased significantly compared with the control group (both P0.01), but there was no significant difference in CK-MB and cTnI between 3-hour group and control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference only in IMA between 3-hour group and 6-hour group. All the indicators were increased significantly in 6-hour group. The results of correlation analysis show that IMA had a positive correlation with CK-MB, cTnI and Myo (r=0.498,P0.01; r=0.514,P0.01;r=0.506,P0.01). ConclusionIMA is one of the earliest sensitive indicators which help the clinical diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia in the incidence of acute coronary syndrome,it has more value in the diagnosis of ACS which occurs in 3 hours. There probably exists a correlation between IMA and the indicators of myocardial necrosis.
Objective To evaluate effects of irbesartan or amlodipine in combination with low-dose amiodarone on maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(AF) who had essential hypertension. Methods 70 essential hypertensive patients complicated with paroxysmal AF were randomly divided into two groups: irbesartan (ARB) group(n=35)and amlodipine (CCB) group(n=35). Amiodarone was used in all patients to keep the sinus rhythm. The duration of observation was up to 12 months and the primary end point of the study was the first recurrence. After 12 months sinus rhythm maintenance of two groups was compared. LADd,IVST,LVPWT were measured in two groups before treatment and after treatment by Doppler ultrasound. Results After 12 months sinus rhythm maintenance in ARB group was significantly higher than in CCB group (P0.05). LADd,IVST,LVPWT in ARB group decreased significantly compared with that before treatment(P0.05). In CCB group,there was no significant difference.Conclusion Irbesartan can effectively inhibit left ventricular remodeling,inhibit the enlargement of the left atrium and reduce the recurrent rate of hypertension complicated with paroxysmal AF.
Objective To study the influence of ligustrazine on transplantation of autologous endothelial progenitor cells in repairing endangium of abdominal aorta in rabbits after balloon injury,and find a better method to repair injured endangium. MethodsMononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated from rabbit peripheral blood by density-gradient centrifugation. MNC were cultured in endothelial growth medium for 7 days, yielding EPC. Saline alone (control group), autologous EPC and autologous EPC plus ligustrazine were administered into a rabbit model of balloon abdominal aorta injury. 14 days after transplantation, rabbits were killed.Endothelial regeneration rate and interal area/media area (IA/MA)ratio were detected. Results14 days after transplantation, autologous EPC group and autologous EPC plus ligustrazine group compared with saline administration markedly accelerated endothelialization of denuded vessel, especially in autologous EPC plus ligustrazine group. Interal area/media area (IA/MA) ratio of autologous EPC plus ligustrazine group is smaller than autologous EPC group significantly,and interal area/media area (IA/MA) ratio of autologous EPC group is smaller than autologous EPC plus ligustrazine group significantly. ConclusionTransplantation of EPC to balloon-injured arteries is associated with accelerated reendothelialization and ligustrazine can enhance the effect of EPCs.
Objective To explore the effect of fluvastatin alone and combined with aldosterone antagonist(antisterone)on expression of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MMP-9 of carotid in rabbits.Methods A rabbit model was established with high-lipid diet.96 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups :control,high-lipid diet,fluvastatin alone,and fluvastatin combined with aldosterone(n=24 in each group).The expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in the fluvastatin alone group and the combined group reduced gradually as the time went by(P0.05),and those expressions decreased significantly at 8 and 12 weeks(P0.05).Conclusion With the prolonged time of high-lipid feeding,the expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MMP-9 increase in carotid tissue.Statins may delay artherosclerosis through decreased expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MMP-9.This effect may be enhanced with the combination of aldosterone antagonist.
Objective To study the effect of Fractalkine(CX3CL1,Fkn)on the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in cultured U937 cells(human monocyte line).Methods The cultured U937 cells were incubated with recombinant human Fkn for 24 h.The mRNA expression of MMP-9 was analyzed by RT-PCR.The production of MMP-9 in the supernatant was analyzed by gelatin zymography.Results The level of MMP-9 mRNA and production in the cells incubated with recombinant human Fkn decreased compared with control group.Conclusion Fkn can inhibit the expression and secretion of MMP-9 in cultured U937 cells.
Objective To study the effects of cilostazol on platelet aggregation rate (PAG), platelet alpha-granular membrane protein (CD62p) and high sensitive C-recative protein (hs-CRP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 2-diabetes mellitus (2-DM), and observe the relationship between these indexes and prognosis. Methods80 patients with CHD and 2-DM were randomized in to two groups. group A: aspirin, group B: aspirin + cilostazol. Group A received 100 mg of aspirin daily for 6 months without antiplatelet agent. Group B received 50 mg of cilostazol per twelve hours for 6 months besides aspirin. The heathly people were used as control group. The PAG induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or arachidonic acid (AA), CD62p and hs-CRP in blood samples were determined on second day and a week later. ResultsThe PAG (induced by ADP or AA), CD62p and hs-CRP in group A and group B were significantly higher than those in control group before therapy, and differences could not been found between groups A and B. After treatment for 1 week,the PAG, CD62p and hs-CRP of group B were significantly lower than those in group A, but CD62p and hs-CRP were higher than those in control group. The hs-CRP and PAG, the hs-CRP and CD62p in group B were positively related before and after therapy. The clinical accident of group B was lower than group A in six months. ConclusionCilostazol can significantly decrease the PAG, CD62p and hs-CRP in patients with CHD and 2-DM and improve the prognosis.
Objective To evaluate the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas and Fas Ligand(FasL)in normothermic ischemia-reperfusion(I-R)induced apoptosis in rat myocardium treated or not treated with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor.Methods Rats were divided into three groups:group 1,sham operation;group 2,control,PBS administration;group 3,Z-VAD-fmk treatment.Z-VAD-fmk was injected intravenously 2 min before induction of ischemia.Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic myocardium cells was carried out using the TUNEL method.Fas and FasL expressions were measured by qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)at different times after reperfusion.Histopathological changes in myocardium were also observed.Results FasL and Fas mRNA expressions were increased in myocardium with ischemia-reperfusion,pre-treatment of rats with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor reduced myocardium apoptosis,and down-regulated Fas/FasL mRNA levels.Conclusion These results suggest that apoptosis and the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas/FasL system are involved in the process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Objective Through invmtigate the protection of myocardition by telmisartan in diabetic rats,to explore the effects of Cytokines in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(C group),diabetes control group(D group),telmisartan in-tervention group(T group).The experiment ended until l2 weeks given telmisartan.And left ventricular tissue were processed for morphological examination with electron microscope.Expression of TGF-β1 and HGF protein were measured through immunohistochemistry method.Results Myocardium of D group was characterized by the in-crease in amoums of mitoclxmdria compared wiht C group,and the interval of myofibril enlarged.However,myocar-dial pathological changes in T group was improved significantly after administration of telmisartan.The levels of TGF-β1 of D and T groups were evated statisically significant compared wiht C group (47.86±1.35,65.00±1.20 vs 79.00±2.18,P0.01).The levels of TGF-β1 of T group was declined statisically compared wiht D group (47.86± 1.35 vs 65.00±1.20,P0.01).The levels of HGF of D and T groups were evated statisically significant compared wiht C group (63.86±3.13,45.00±2.07 vs 78.78±1.72,P0.01),The levels of HGF of T group was evated statisi-cally compared wiht D group (45.00±2.07 vs 63.86±3.13,P0.01).Conclution Telmisartan can improve ultra-structure of myocardium of diabetic rats,which may be related to reduction of TGF-β1 and increation of HGF.
Objective To establish the common carotid catheter injury model in atherosclerosis rats and to study the pathogenesis of restenosis. Methods The balloon catheter injury was performed on the left common carotid artery of atherosclerosis rats with 2F balloon catheter. HE and Verhoeff staining were used to observe the dynamic change of neointimal and media hyperplasia at different time after injury. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proliferative cells and the change of SMα-actin expression. Results (1) At 7 days,the neointima formed and continuously thickened. At 3 months,the neointimal thickening reached a peak and vascular lumen was seriously narrow. Immunostain of SMα-actin was mostly positive in the neointimal and medial cells which show most of proliferative cells are smooth muscle cells. (2) The expression of SMα-actin was decreased from 2 days after balloon injury and then increased at 3 months. Conclusion Using of 2.0 balloon catheter can successfully establish the rat carotid injury model. Neointima hyperplasia occurs after balloon injury and results in lumen stenosis. VSMC phenotype transformation,proliferation,migration and extracellular matrix production play an important role in the processe of neointima hyperplasia.
Objective To discuss the relations of adrenomedullin,neuron specific enolase and creatine kinaes BB isozyme in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Methods ADM,NSE and CK-BB were tested on 57 neonates with clinical diagnosis of HIE in 12 hours after birth,then compared with 62 asphyxial neonates without HIE and 27 healthy neonates. Results The concentrations of ADM,NSE and CK-BB in neonates with HIE are obviously higher than those in asphyxial group and control group(average P0.01),and increased markedly with the severity of HIE(average P0.01); the correlation analysis indicates that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of ADM in neonate with HIE and NSE or CK-BB(r=0.471,P0.01;r=0.619,P0.01); also between NSE and CK-BB (r=0.512,P0.01).Conclusion ADM,NSE and CK-BB could predict the brain injury early in neonates with HIE,which probably represents consistent association in the compensatory reaction of HIE,it would be helpful for early diagnosis and ruling out diagnosis.
Objective To observe protection of Shuluo to MCAO rats and borneol’s effect. Methods Copy the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats and observe the ethology, and interfere in the rats with Shuluo and Shuluo+ borneol respectively, then observe the ethology, cerebral infarction rate, cerebral index, cerebral moisture and tissus were examined. Results Shuluo can improve the neuroethology, decrease the cerebral infarction rate, cerebral index, cerebral moisture and the damage of cerebral ischemia. The borneol can increase the protective effect. Conclusion Shuluo can decrease the cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury, and borneol can strengthen its effect.
