Integrated Water Resources Management in Water-scarce Regions consolidates the transdisciplinary research of the project “CuveWaters: Integrated Water Resources Management in Central Northern Namibia (Cuvelai Basin) in the SADC-Region” funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and undertaken from 2004 to 2015 in Namibia. In these eleven years it was possible to accomplish all three phases of an ideal-typical transdisciplinary research process, from creating a common research object down to transdisciplinary dissemination. The transdisciplinary research approach was designed to tackle the life-world problems of food security, sanitation and access to water in a sustainable way. It aimed at integrating science, technology and society with the common goal of establishing a multi-resource mix for water use to improve the living conditions of people in the project region. This ‘multi-resource mix’ comprises water from different sources made available through adapted technological solutions which are socially embedded. The technological solutions identified with the Namibian partners were rainwater and floodwater harvesting, groundwater desalination, sanitation and water reuse. Each technological solution is reflected in terms of approach, technology, social aspects, management and governance issues, economic viability and sustainability evaluation. This book shows how technological innovation must go hand in hand with social innovation regarding knowledge, practices and institutions. A comprehensive report of the design, methodologies and procedures as well as the research findings and conclusions is provided here. The aim of this book is to share with researchers, professionals and practitioners the lessons learned during the project and provide guidance for replication. ISBN: 9781780407906 (Print) ISBN: 9781780407913 (eBook) ISBN: 9781780409504 (ePub)
Rainwater as a resource has been underrated due to scientific misunderstandings about its quality, the lack of hydrologic design tools for small catchments, such as roofs, the preference for large infrastructures, and the small number of successful cases reported. This book summarizes seventeen years of scientific research, operational monitoring, and practical demonstration projects made at Seoul National University Rainwater Research Center.A new paradigm of rainwater is proposed, which is to collect rainwater and use it, instead of draining it. Based on conventional hydrology and methodology, a hydrological modelling method for micro-catchment is suggested. By incorporating several controllable measures into the design, the system can solve several water-related problems such as flooding, water conservation, emergency water storage, and groundwater recharge.Now is the time to adapt. Many good examples are reported from around the world, including South Korea. Fifty-nine South Korean cities have announced regulations and commitment to become "Rain Cities" by offering financial incentives to rainwater management systems or subsidizing them.This book is written to give hope to those who seek to transform their community from a "Drain City" to a "Rain City". It has been prepared to clear the ambiguity about rainwater management and transform the experts as well as the citizens to become active proponents of rainwater. This book can be a guide to transform the world into Rain Cities, and become a viable solution toward Sustainable Development Goal Number 6.ISBN: 9781780408705 (Paperback)ISBN: 9781780408712 (eBook)ISBN: 9781780409351 (ePub)
Plus d'un milliard de personnes dans les zones urbaines et périurbaines d'Afrique, d'Asie et d'Amérique latine sont desservies par des dispositifs d'assainissement à la parcelle. La gestion des boues extraites de ces dispositifs, les « boues de vidange », a été jusqu'à présent grandement négligée. Les ressources financières sont souvent insuffisantes et les dispositifs d'assainissement à la parcelle ont tendance à être considérés comme des solutions temporaires, dan l'attente de la mise en place de réseaux d'égouts. Cependant , force est de constater que l'assainissement à la parcelle est là pour durer, soit en tant que solution autonome permanente, soit en association avec des systèmes égouts-station. La gestion adéquate des boues de vidange issues des dispositifs d'assainissement des ménages est un impératif pour la protection de Ia santé humaine et de l'environnement.Cet ouvrage est le premier à être consacré à la gestion des boues de vidange. II rassemble l'état actuel des connaissances de ce domaine qui évolue rapidement, et propose une approche intégrée qui lie les composantes technologiques, organisationnelles et de planification. II aborde la planification et l'organisation de l'ensemble de la filière de gestion des boues de vidange depuis la collecte et l'évacuation des boues jusqu'aux solutions de traitement et à l'utilisation finale ou la mise en dépôt des boues traitées. En plus de fournir des éléments fondamentaux sur le traitement et une description des technologies existantes, l'ouvrage présente en détail les aspects opérationnels, institutionnels et financiers. II propose également une méthode de planification d'un projet de gestion des boues de vidange à l'échelle d'une ville avec l'ensemble des parties prenantes.ISBN: 9781780409795 (Print)ISBN: 9781780409801 (eBook)
The supply of healthy drinking water and disposal of our wastewater is a central problem. Solving this problem is one of the claims of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and consequently an obligation for all those involved with water to join efforts in finding solutions. Climate change, population growth, migration and urban sprawl are factors forcing us to reconsider the traditional approach to urban water management. The water supply and sanitation infrastructure currently in use worldwide was developed in and for countries which are relatively wealthy, and which have access to plenty of water. Is it really wise to build the same kind of infrastructure and to apply the same methods and processes in regions with different climatic, ecological and economical conditions? Should we maintain our flush and discharge sanitation concepts while freshwater is becoming a limited resource? Aren't there smarter more environmentally sound methods to use and safegaurd our precious water resources? Are water authorities, city planners, architects, regulators and politicians ready to accept innovative solutions deviating from those described in textbooks? Questions like these were raised during the International Symposium Water Supply and Sanitation for All held in Berching, Germany from September 27 - 28, 2007. This book collects the papers presented at this conference.ISBN: 9781780409986 (eBook)
Anaerobic digestion is one of the most active IWA Specialist Groups, with over 1000 members, active sponsorship of three task groups or working groups, and organisation of on average, one Specialist Group conference per year.This is highlighted by our recent World Conference -AD14 in Viña del Mar, where over 750 delegates attended, and 200 papers and 441 posters were presented.The themes at the Anaerobic digestion conferences provide a very good review of major themes of interest in anaerobic digestion.Over the years, we have always observed a large number of papers focusing on specific aspects related to the themes of (1) solid waste and energy crop management; (2) biosolids and sludge management; (3) industrial wastewater.These application areas have been strongly supported by investigation into microbial ecology, mathematical modelling, chemical analysis, process innovations and novel technologies.Over the past 5 years though, we have seen several major new themes emerge.These have been driven by both market opportunities and scientific advances.The goal of this review is to further outline challenges and opportunities for wastewater treatment researchers and practitioners in these areas, as well as the specific role of anaerobic digestion technologies within these application areas.
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wffdocs Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Environmental Monitoring Commons, Hydraulic Engineering Commons, Hydrology Commons, Natural Resource Economics Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Sustainability Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons
Phosphorus has always been both a curse and a blessing. On the one hand, it is essential for all life forms and cannot be replaced by anything. On the other hand, wastewater treatment aims to minimize phosphorus concentrations in wastewater in order to minimize its discharge into rivers and lakes, where eutrophication caused by high phosphorus concentrations would lead to excessive plant growth. Phosphorus is extracted from rock phosphate deposits, which are finite and non-renewable. And as the issue of resource conservation is the focus of attention worldwide, phosphorus must be used sustainably. This includes recycling of secondary phosphates, efficient extraction and treatment of raw phosphate as well as its efficient use.The book starts from the peculiarity of the element phosphorus in Part I, “Phosphorus a special element”? Part II shows the possibilities and limitations of the elimination of phosphorus during the wastewater treatment. Current developments in phosphorus recovery are presented in Part III, “Phosphorus Recovery – Technology,” where also a large number of technology developments are presented in the context of case studies. Part IV, “Assessment,” shows impulses for future ways. The book concludes with an “Outlook” in Part V.The book is partially based on the book Phosphorus in Environmental Technology – Principles and Application, edited by Eugina Valsami-Jones and published by IWA Publishing in 2004. Various new technologies have been developed since its release, particularly in the area of phosphorus recovery. Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future discusses all aspects of both Phosphorus elimination and recovery and summarizes the latest state of Phosphorus recovery technologies.This title belongs to Integrated Environmental Technology SeriesISBN: 9781780408354 (Print)ISBN: 9781780408361 (eBook)ISBN: 9781780409542 (ePub)
This Guide for Small Community Water Suppliers and Local Health Officials is one of a series produced by the International Water Association's (IWA) Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water. It is an abbreviated compilation of the wide range of scientific, engineering, health and operational issues concerned with the control of lead in drinking water in small water supply systems.The IWA Specialist Group is supported by members from 26 European countries, Canada and the United States. It is an active research network and has regularly convened international conferences and seminars. It has close working links with the World Health Organization, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Health Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The IWA Specialist Group developed out of COST Action 637 (www.cost.esf.org), a European research network.The Guide is supported by a two-day technical training course and a more comprehensive Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead in Drinking Water (IWA, 2010). Information about training, the Best Practice Guide and the research network in general is available from www.meteau.org.This Guide for Small Community Water Suppliers and Local Health Officials explains why lead in drinking water may still be a threat to public health in small communities. It is aimed at Local Health Officials and the operators of drinking water supply systems that serve small communities. Its objectives are to raise awareness, to provide a basis for assessing the extent of problems, and to identify control options.ISBN: 9781843393801 (eBook)
This guide is intended for use by industry stakeholders, decision-makers and digester operators in navigating the topic of trace element (TE) supplementation as a management tool for anaerobic digester operation.The subject is the application of TE, and supplementation regimes in anaerobic waste-conversion biotechnologies, such as biogas digesters. TE is a term used to include a wide range of micronutrients essential for the microbial community underpinning AD. TE mostly includes elements from the metal groups (e.g. cobalt, nickel, zinc and tungsten) but also other elemental groups, such as metalloids (e.g. selenium). TE are dosed to anaerobic digesters to boost biological activity and to increase biogas production rates. Little is understood about the concentrations and dosing strategies best suited to sustained supplementation and stable performance in anaerobic biotechnologies.A range of companies offer proprietary blends of trace elements for supplementation of anaerobic digesters. Very little joined-up information is available on the concentrations of individual TE best suited to improved digester performance. Moreover, typically no attention whatsoever is paid to the bioavailability of TE dosed to digesters i.e. despite high concentrations, TE may not be available for uptake by the microorganisms underpinning the digestion process.Based on extensive engagement with a range of stakeholders throughout the course of the recent EU COST Action on ‘The ecological roles of trace metals in anaerobic biotechnologies’, and particularly on feedback from industrial partners, it is clear that such a guide is needed by industry stakeholders, decision-makers and operators of anaerobic digesters.ISBN: 9781780409429 (eBook)
El benchmarking se ha convertido en una herramienta clave en la industria del agua para promover y alcanzar objetivos de desempeño en los prestadores. El uso de esta herramienta para la mejora del desempeño a través de la búsqueda sistemática y la adopción de las mejores prácticas, se ha expandido globalmente en la última década. Muchos de los proyectos en marcha alrededor del mundo aspiran a cubrir distintas necesidades y objetivos, en contextos diferentes, con resultados y repercusiones excepcionales.Este manual proporciona información valiosa para cualquiera interesado en el benchmarking en la industria del agua. El texto está dirigido a prestadores que están valorando unirse a un proyecto de benchmarking, profesionales experimentados responsables de organizar ejercicios de benchmarking, consultores, reguladores e investigadores. El documento se presenta con un claro enfoque práctico y puede utilizarse como una guía sobre cómo hacer benchmarking, presentada desde distintos puntos de vista (participantes, organizadores, supervisores). El lector obtendrá una visión aplicada en prácticas reales de benchmarking y se beneficiará de la experiencia ganada en algunos de los proyectos de benchmarking líderes en la industria del agua (incluyendo los esfuerzos de benchmarking de la IWA-WSAA, la European Benchmarking Cooperation y muchos proyectos de benchmarking realizados en Austria y en Europa Central).Este manual también presenta el nuevo marco de trabajo de benchmarking de la IWA, que busca armonizar los términos utilizados para describir las prácticas de benchmarking e indicadores de desempeño en la industria del agua, garantizando una comunicación más fluida y eficiente.Este Manual de Buenas Prácticas ha sido editado por el Grupo de Especialistas en Benchmarking y Evaluación del Desempeño de la IWA y co-publicado con la AWWA e IWA Publishing.ISBN: 9788483638651 (eBook)
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world.The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation.The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation.Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms.Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling.Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria.Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality.AOP equipment design and economics considerations.Research studies and outcomes.Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment.Commercial applications.Future research needs.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students.ISBN: 9781780407180 (Print)ISBN: 9781780407197 (eBook)
In many world regions Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) systems are prevalent. It is evident from the results presented in this paper that although intermittent water supply may seem to be a solution to a water shortage situation in overall terms the water balance is adversely affected. Supplying less quantity in an intermittent manner causes such deterioration to the network that when continuous supply is re-established additional quantities are lost through increased leakage, which in fact places an added financial burden on the utility. It is therefore evident that no matter how good a network is, intermittent supply operation has definitely a detrimental effect on its integrity and in addition the amount of water ‘saved’ is later ‘lost’ and in greater quantities through increased levels of leakage. Such operational conditions should be avoided especially in pipeline networks that have been designed for continuous supply. In addition it has been shown that the domestic demand is in effect inelastic and in fact the quantities of water saved by the customers were very small. It is the authors’ opinion that better results could be achieved through a structured conservation programme rather than intermittent supply. Of course such programmes are to be introduced as part of an overall strategy for water conservation both on the supply and demand side
Advanced wastewater treatment processes and novel technologies are adopted to improve nutrient removal from wastewater so as to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are one of the major contributors to the increase in the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies.Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarises the recent development in studies of greenhouse gases' (CH4 and N2O) generation and emission in municipal wastewater treatment plants. It introduces the concepts of direct emission and indirect emission, and the mechanisms of GHG generations in wastewater treatment plants' processing units. The book explicitly describes the techniques used to quantify direct GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants and the protocol used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate GHG emission due to wastewater treatment in the national GHG inventory. Finally, the book explains the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy and chemical usage in municipal wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the strategies to mitigate GHG emissions are discussed.The book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas; for researchers in the relevant areas; and for professional reference by water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.ISBN: 9781780406305 (paperback)ISBN: 9781780406312 (eBook)ISBN: 9781780409054 (ePub)
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world.The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation.The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation.Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms.Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling.Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria.Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality.AOP equipment design and economics considerations.Research studies and outcomes.Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment.Commercial applications.Future research needs.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students.ISBN: 9781780407180 (Print)ISBN: 9781780407197 (eBook)
Activated Sludge Separation Problems: Theory, Control Measures, Practical Experiences, Second Edition, describes the most common activated sludge separation problems and explains the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. The book summarizes the identification techniques for important groups of activated sludge microorganisms both based on conventional microscopic analysis and using the biological molecular tools available today (FISH and PCR).This new edition, with 70% new and updated material, also provides the explanation of basic activated sludge process principles and of parameters necessary for process control and operation. The theory of secondary clarifiers is described to the extent necessary for understanding the construction and operation of secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifiers are treated as one system and the interactions are explained. The wide range of experiences around the world is documented and the methods to avoid the proliferation of these filamentous organisms are presented and critically reviewed.Activated Sludge Separation Problems consists of six chapters, presenting upto-date technical and scientific aspects of these problems. The new edition also features an extended list of literature references for further reading.The book will be a valuable help for students of environmental engineering, wastewater specialists, plant operators and designers of activated sludge plants. It is also useful for specialists in wastewater operation laboratories, especially for those studying activated sludge separation properties.ISBN: 9781780408637 (Paperback)ISBN: 9781780408644 (eBook)
Finnish Water Services: Experiences in Global Perspective, the latest book by UNESCO Chair holder Tapio S. Katko, challenges the reader to assess critical sector issues:Can 24/7 access to safe drinking water be taken for granted?What threats does deterioration of water and sewage networks pose?Who are responsible for providing and producing water services?Why do many international water-related comparisons rank Finland among the top countries?This book is a timely contribution to the discussion on water services. In addition to water professionals, Finnish Water Services: Experiences in Global Perspective is suitable for anyone interested in water and its use.ISBN: 9789526697260 (Print)ISBN: 9781780408743 (eBook)
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world.The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation.The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation.Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms.Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling.Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria.Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality.AOP equipment design and economics considerations.Research studies and outcomes.Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment.Commercial applications.Future research needs.Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students.ISBN: 9781780407180 (Print)ISBN: 9781780407197 (eBook)
