Cutting is a crucial agricultural practice,and its impact on potato growth varies depending on the extent of the cut.A randomized complete block design was employed in an experiment to explore the impact of cutting timing,frequency,and cutting height on potato yield and tuber size distribution.It was found that a single cutting at the late seedling stage or tuber formation stage,with a cutting intensity at 1/3 or 1/4 of the plant height,had no significant impact on potato yield.However,conducting two cuttings during the late seedling stage and tuber formation stage resulted in a significant reduction in potato yield.The cutting treatment substantially increased the number of small tubers(<50 g).Compared to the control group(CK,conventional cultivation),the tuber number per plant was significantly increased in 20-50 g,when 1/3 of the plant was cut during tuber formation.Except for two treatments,which involved cutting 1/4 of the plant once at the late seedling stage or plus cutting 1/4 of the plant at the tuber formation again,the remaining six cutting treatments all significantly increased the tuber number per plant in<20 g.A single cut at the late seedling stage or tuber formation stage did not result in a significant difference in above ground biomass per plant compared to the CK,indicating a compensatory effect of appropriate cutting during the early growth stage of potatoes.In conclusion,a single cut at the late seedling stage or tuber formation stage does not impact potato yield but could increase the number and weight of small tubers,which is advantageous for seed potato production.
'Yunshu 108',a new potato variety with disease resistance,high yield and high quality,was developed by the Industrial Crops Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhaotong Agricultural Science Research Institute,and Kunming Yunshu Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.from a across using'Dianshu 6'as female parent and'S04-827'as male parent made in 2008,and passed the national registration of new varieties of non-major crops in 2021,with registration number:GPD potato(2021)530114.This variety planted in spring is late maturing and has a growth duration of 107-118 days.It has round tubers,smooth skin,yellow skin and flesh,shallow eyes,and good cooking taste.Dry matter content is 19.60%-23.20%,starch content 12.32%-14.82%,protein content 2.20%-2.62%,vitamin C content 8.70-15.20 mg/100 g FW and reducing sugar content 0.10%-0.28%.'Yunshu 108'plants are resistant to late blight,and potato virus Y.From 2019 to 2021,the highest yield was 97196 kg/ha,breaking the record of the highest potato yield in Yunnan Province for three times,and also setting a record for the highest potato yield in the southwest region.This variety is suitable for promotion and cultivation in potato spring planting areas such as Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,and could be used for fresh consumption,feed and starch processing.
Potato is the fourth largest food crop and the major crop for farmers to increase their income.In order to promote the development of potato industry in Zaozhuang City,a development plan has been formulated.Firstly,the development status of potato industry was analyzed,which has obvious regional advantages,large input-output ratio,good economic benefits,significant application results of virus-free seed potatoes,and initial promising results in storage and processing industry.Secondly,the main problems of the potato industry were analyzed,for example,the seed market is complex and non-standard,the open-field planting area is too large,plant diseases and insect pests are serious,mechanical sowing is seldom,and the storage and processing are still insufficient.Thirdly,the results achieved during the"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"period were summarized,such as the introduction of high-yielding and high-quality new varieties,the mass propagation of pre-elite seed potatoes,the large-scale promotion of new high-efficiency planting models,the promotion of mechanization during the whole process of potato production,the establishment of test and demonstration bases and contacting with new business entities.Finally,the development plan of potato industry was put forward,which include speeding up the selection of new varieties,rationally preventing and controlling diseases and pests,developing full-process mechanization of potato production,popularizing planting technologies,and strengthening policy supports.The formulation of this development plan would provide a reference for the development of potato industry in Zaozhuang City.
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant stress resistance.According to the previous transcriptome sequencing analysis,it was found that StWRKY57 gene could up-regulate its expression under both drought and salt stress conditions.In this study,potato StWRKY57 gene was studied for bio-informatics analysis,expression analysis and sub-cellular localization.qRT-PCR technology was used to analyze its tissue-specific and abiotic stress expression.StWRKY57 gene is positioned on the chromosome 8 of potato,featuring a 762 bp coding sequence(CDS)region,and encoding a hydrophobic non-trans-membrane protein.Homology analysis showed that the protein had the highest homology with SpWRKY40 of Solanum pennellii.The promoter region contains cis-acting elements related to photo response,endosperm expression,circadian rhythm and hormone response.qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the gene was the highest in leaves,and the expression was up-regulated in 200 mmol/L NaCl,20%PEG 6000 solution and 100µmol/L abscisic acid(ABA)treatment.The protein's sub-cellular localization assay reveals its presence within the cell nucleus.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent experiments.
Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world after wheat,rice and maize,and plays an important role in the national economy.China is the largest potato producer in the world,and expanding potato planting range is a new way to ensure food security in China in the new era.However,during the growing process of potato,some diseases,caused by viruses,bacteria and fungi,can occur.Once infected,the harm to potatoes will be extremely serious.In this review,four bacterial diseases of potato,including bacterial wilt,black leg,scab and ring rot,were discussed.Their harm and symptoms were described and agronomic,biological and chemical methods for their control were summarized.Finally,the research prospect was made.
Potato is a crop,which is tolerant to drought and barren,and could be used to implement the protection of Erhai lake.To practice the transformation of agriculture,develop the green ecological agriculture and control the agricultural non-point source pollution effectively,in recent years,a set of practical green and efficient potato cultivation technologies had been developed by the agricultural science and technology personnel and farmers organized by the local governments with the continuous exploration and practice around the Erhai lake basin in Dali Prefecture.Potato production,varieties and seed potato selection,lands preparation and sowing,fields management and timely harvests in the area were introduced in detail,with a view to providing technical guidance for potato production around the Erhai lake basin and reference for counterparts with similar conditions.
Potato is a food and vegetable crop,and plays an important role in agricultural production.Potato ring rot is a disease caused by bacterial,which mainly spreads through diseased seed tubers and seriously affects the yield and quality of potato,and quality of offspring as seed potatoes.It is easy to spread,with no obvious early symptoms but serious and uncontrollable harm,which has become a major disease affecting potato production.The harms,reasons and characteristics of potato ring rot were summarized.The detection methods,control measures and related research progress at home and abroad about potato ring rot were discussed,and the corresponding suggestions and research prospects were put forward to promote the prevention and control of potato ring rot.
Potato is the third largest food crop after maize and rice in Yunnan Province,and the potato industry is one of the important pillars in agriculture sector that highly supports farmers'income in underprivileged areas and developing plateau-like agriculture.A variety comparison test was conducted to optimize the variety structure and industrial layout of 51 potato varieties,developed by the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture,a representative region for winter potato cultivation in Yunnan Province.The effects on seedling emergence and yield of various dormancy breaking methods for seed tubers and the correlations between different agronomic traits were analyzed.A two-factor strip experimental design with factors A and B was adopted,referring to the variety and to the treatment method for seed tubers.Fifty-one varieties were divided into five groups based on their characteristics,i.e.demonstration group(A1),processing group(A2),winter cropping group(A3),spring cropping group(A4),and specialty group(A5).Three types of seed tuber treatment methods were used for dormancy breaking,i.e.room temperature storage,chemical sprouting(soaked with 1%thiourea +20 mg/L GA3 for 30 min),and low temperature storage(4-6℃).Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield.The results showed a highly significant difference in potato yield caused by three different potato treatments(F = 9.713,P<0.001),and the yield difference between different variety groups was also highly significant(F = 17.134,P<0.001).Further,correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and growth vigor,and a significant positive correlation between seedling vigor and tuber number per plant,as well as highly significant positive correlations among four traits,yield per plant,large tuber percentage,tuber size,and marketable tuber percentage.However,there was a highly significant negative correlation between growth vigor and harvest maturity.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that two potato varieties,'Yunshu 902'and'Yunshu 108',achieved high comprehensive scores,with scores of 0.850 and 0.608,respectively,while'Yunshu 506'and'Yunshu 401'achieved medium scores,with scores of 0.010 and-0.011,respectively.The lower scores belong to'Yunshu 103'and'Yunshu 701',which were-0.905 and-0.964,respectively.An analysis of the performance differences of 51 potato varieties under specific conditions were conducted,which helps to optimize variety selection and planting management strategies.The study provides a practical planting basis not only for further optimizing regional potato variety layout structure and accelerating the renewal of new varieties,but also for enhancing the market competitiveness in main potato production areas in Yunnan Province.
In order to study the comprehensive effects of nitrogen reduction combined with different fertilizer applications on greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen use efficiency and potato yield,seven treatments were set up:balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK,control),no nitrogen fertilizer(PK,blank),reduction of nitrogen application rate by 20%(RN,application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the same as NPK),reduction of nitrogen application rate by 20%+ water-soluble fertilizer instead of 20%of total nitrogen application rate(RN + WF),reduction of nitrogen application rate by 20%+ decomposed sheep manure instead of 20%of total nitrogen application rate(RN + SM),reduction of nitrogen application rate by 20%+ bio-organic fertilizer instead of 20%of total nitrogen application rate(RN + BM),reduction of nitrogen application rate by 20%+ slow-release urea instead of 20%of total nitrogen application rate(RN + RUN)from 2020 to 2021.Effects of the seven treatments on greenhouse gas emissions from potato fields,global warming potential,yield and nitrogen use efficiency during the potato growing season were researched.The results showed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and the combined application of different fertilizers could obviously affect the emission of greenhouse gases in farmland.In 2020 and 2021,the average emission fluxes of CO2 and N2O in RN + SM treatment were 10.97%-22.70%and 7.86%-14.66%higher than those in NPK treatment.The cumulative emissions of CO2,N2O and CH4 in RN + SM treatment were the largest,which were 9299.77-11401.35,3.65-3.77 and-1.35--1.20 kg/ha,respectively.The global warming potential(GWP)in RN + SM treatment was 36.10%-79.66%higher than that in NPK treatment.Nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different fertilizers could significantly increase potato yield and nitrogen use efficiency(P<0.05).Compared with NPK treatment,the partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen(PFPN)and nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)in RN + BM treatment were significantly different(P<0.05),which increased by 46.19%-47.26%and 150.51%-236.38%,respectively,and the yield of potato increased by 16.95%-17.77%.Therefore,organic manure(sheep manure)could increase greenhouse gas emissions from farmland;biological organic fertilizer replacing part of nitrogen fertilizer could improve nitrogen use efficiency and potato yield,which should be recommended to be popularized and applied in potato production.
Light environments can change the morphological characteristics of potato in vitro plantlets,and similarly,changes in light environments can also impact on the growth of potato in vitro plantlets.In order to investigate the impact of residual effects of previous light environment regulation on potato in vitro plantlets,potato in vitro plantlets of'Kexin 1'cultured under discontinuous light-emitting diode(LED)light source(T0)were collected in the experiment.After re-inoculated,they were continuously grown under fluorescent light(FL)and whole spectrum LED light(W-LED)sources for five subcultures,and the growth of potato in vitro plantlets of the first,second,third,and fifth cycles was continuously monitored.After adjusting the light environment,the first subculture of potato in vitro plantlets under the new light environments were affected by the residual effects of the previous light environment regulation in the explants,and their growth was significantly different from other subcultures of potato in vitro plantlets under this light environments.The plant height and multiplication coefficient of the first subculture on the 28th day after culture of potato in vitro plantlets were significantly lower than those of the second,third,and fifth cultures.With the continuous influence of new light environment regulation,the average growth rates of plant height,multiplication coefficient and seedling healthy index for the second,third,and fifth subcultures under fluorescent light(FL)were 16.31%,16.35%,and 23.36%,respectively.Under whole spectrum LED light source(W-LED),they were 8.80%,11.28%,and 36.08%,respectively.The abscisic acid(ABA),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins 3(GA3)contents of the first subculture of potato in vitro plantlets with the same age under the two new light environments were consistently significantly lower than those of other subcultures.The changes in endogenous hormones in the stem and leaf of each subculture indicated that the control effect of the previous light environments would be preserved in the explants of potato in vitro plantlets.However,with the continuous impact of the new light environment,the residual effect of previous light control gradually subsided,and potato in vitro plantlets began to adapt to the new light environments,and gradually showed the physiological characteristics that match it.The seedling healthy index and multiplication coefficient of the third subcultured potato in vitro plantlets under W-LED light environments were 36.67%and 25.15%higher than those under FL light environment,respectively,while the fifth subcultured ones were 45.26%and 12.81%,respectively.Therefore,the W-LED light environments are more suitable for the production of potato in vitro plantlets for the purpose of cultivating strong potato in vitro plantlets and rapid propagation.
The new potato variety'Longshu 21'was developed from a cross between'L0227-18'(female)and'L0404-6'(male)through sexual hybridization and selection,and approved by the national non-staple crop varieties registration in 2022,registration number GPD Potato(2022)620037.It is a late maturing potato variety,with growth duration of about 130 days,for fresh consumption or processing into starch and granules.It has oval shape tuber,light yellow skin,light yellow flesh,and shallow eyes.For this variety,dry matter content is 23.39%,starch content is 17.98%,crude protein is 2.38%,vitamin C is 18.09 mg/100 g FW,and reducing sugar is 0.15%.'Longshu 21'is resistant to late blight,highly resistant to leaf roll virus disease,and resistant to mosaic virus disease in the field conditions.During 2015-2016,it was tested in mid to late maturing potato regional trials organized by National Northwest Regions,yielding 2199 kg/667m2,about 0.87%higher than the control variety'Longshu 6'(2180 kg/667m2).It is suitable for planting in the central and eastern parts of Gansu Province,southeastern Qinghai Province,and southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
In the current potato germplasm resource preservation landscape,in vitro methods have gained widespread acceptance.Exploring the preservation conditions for extending the subculture cycle of test-tube seedlings can effectively reduce the risk and preservation cost.In this study,six different genotypes of potato materials were selected from the germplasm resources,and the effects of pre-rooting,temperature,sucrose concentration and subculture method on the preservation of potato test-tube seedlings were investigated using plant status,plant height and survival rate as indicators to explore the widely applicable conditions for long-term low temperature preservation of potato test-tube seedlings.Test-tube seedlings without pre-rooting treatment showed minimal growth on the 60th day of low temperature preservation and eventually died,suggesting that pre-rooting treatment is essential for the successful low temperature preservation of test-tube seedlings.The growth rate of test-tube seedlings at 4℃was slower compared to those at 7℃,and the plant height was obviously smaller on the 90th day.However,the survival rate of test-tube seedlings from four different materials at 7℃was 100%,while it was only 53.75%at 4℃,indicating that a temperature of 7℃is more suitable for preserving potato germplasm resources with various genotypes.Furthermore,the plant height of test-tube seedlings in a medium with 8%sucrose on the 90th day was obviously lower than those with 4%sucrose.Survival statistics revealed that all test-tube seedlings in the medium with 4%sucrose died after being stored at a temperature of 7℃for 270 days,whereas there was still a survival rate of approximately 61.25%for those in an 8%sucrose concentration medium.These findings suggest that an 8%sucrose concentration could prolong the low temperature preservation time for potato test-tube seedlings.In short,using a sucrose concentration of 8%in combination with an ambient temperature of 7℃could be effective for long-term low temperature preservation of most potato lines.Additionally,a subculture method involving test tube culture seeding and alternate box culture seedling was explored,which effectively improved the preservation of weak-growth germplasm resources and increased their survival rate from 22.50%(test tube culture seeding)to 95.00%(alternate subculture of test-tube culture seedlings-box culture seedlings)on the 90th day of low temperature preservation.This research provides valuable guidance for optimizing the conditions required for long-term preservation of potato germplasm resources.
矿质营养元素是马铃薯生长发育中必不可少的物质,更是其生命活动的基础.氮磷钾和一些中微量元素对马铃薯的产量和品质形成起到极其重要的作用.文章综述了马铃薯在生长发育过程中对矿质营养元素的需求和对矿质营养元素的吸收、转移规律,分析了土壤条件、生长发育时期和水肥管理三大因素对矿质营养的影响,并通过阐述矿质营养的生理生化作用,总结其对马铃薯的根、茎、叶生长、产量和品质的影响.最后提出存在问题和对未来研究的展望,旨在为马铃薯矿质营养研究和有效栽培管理提供参考.
科学施肥是提高马铃薯产量和品质的重要保障.目前,生产过程中人们只注重大量元素的施用,而忽略了中微量元素.与大量元素重要性相比,中微量元素同样影响马铃薯的生长发育,尤其对马铃薯块茎品质及植株抗逆性的提升具有重要作用.为明确大量元素氮、磷、钾,中量元素钙、镁、硫,微量元素硼、锌、锰、铜、铁、钼、氯对马铃薯生长发育、产量构成及块茎品质的影响,文章综述了马铃薯生育期内对各营养元素的需求量以及其对马铃薯地上部生长、根系发育、产量和品质形成的重要调控作用,同时对中微量营养元素施用方式进行比较,以期为马铃薯的复合肥产品创新及其养分高效利用提供理论依据.
中国用占世界7%的耕地消耗了全球35%的化肥,大量且不合理的化肥投入导致种植成本增加.随着农药化肥双减政策的推出,如何减少氮肥投入的同时确保粮食稳产,已是马铃薯产业实现可持续发展亟待解决的主要问题.选育和推广氮素高效吸收和利用的马铃薯品种是实现中国马铃薯生产可持续健康发展的一条重要途径.试验以'东农310''兴佳2号''牡育薯3''早大白''中薯早35'和'麦肯1号'为供试材料,设置3个施肥梯度分别为无氮(0)、低氮(90 kg/hm2)和常规氮(180 kg/hm2),综合分析其氮素积累与氮效率差异.在块茎形成期和块茎膨大期随着氮肥的施入整体可显著升高大部分马铃薯品种的干物质积累量和株高.在低氮处理下,'兴佳2号'和'中薯早35'产量显著高于其他4个品种('麦肯1号'除外,'麦肯1号'与'兴佳2号'二者差异不显著).在低氮和常规施氮处理下,'东农310'的氮素吸收效率较高,分别为7.26%和7.49%,但其氮素农学利用率和氮素偏生产力较低,并且其产量与其他品种相比并未有显著的优势,其干物质积累量较多,可能由于其所积累的氮素主要转运到地上植株.'牡育薯3'和'中薯早35'在N 90 kg/hm2处理下的氮素农学利用率较高分别为75.42和96.38 kg/kg,说明这两个品种随着氮肥的施入,产量得到了显著的提升.'中薯早35'在N 90 kg/hm2处理下的氮素偏生产力最高为219.36 kg/kg.对光合色素的研究发现,块茎形成期的光合色素含量高于块茎膨大期,'麦肯1号'有更长的光合作用持续时间.因此,在氮肥减施的情况下,'兴佳2号'和'中薯早35'可达到较高的产量水平,'东农310'的氮素吸收效率能力较强,但产量相对较低.
马铃薯是世界第三大粮食作物,随着气候变暖以及淡水资源短缺,干旱成为制约其生长发育的重要因素.为了明确马铃薯响应干旱胁迫相关的microRNA(miRNA)及其靶基因的调控模式,利用small RNA测序技术、生物信息学方法和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术,对20%PEG6000模拟干旱处理0,1,3,6,12,24和48h共7个时间点马铃薯组培幼苗的sRNA进行高通量测序、筛选和鉴定.从7个处理2个生物学重复共计14个样本中鉴定到621个miRNAs,包括308个已知miRNAs和313个新预测的miRNAs.其中250个已知miRNAs属于69个家族,166个新的miRNAs属于59个家族.miRNA长度分布在20～24 nt,其中主要集中在21和24 nt.差异表达分析共鉴定到40个差异表达的miRNAs,包括16个已知miRNAs和24个新的miRNAs.联合靶基因预测结果和干旱转录组数据,分别对16个已知和17个新miRNAs的81个和70个靶基因进行了功能注释,其主要参与生长代谢、胁迫响应、氧化还原反应及生物合成等过程;qRT-PCR分析结果与测序结果基本一致.研究为进一步挖掘马铃薯响应干旱胁迫的miRNA,以及阐明马铃薯中miRNA参与干旱响应的分子机制提供理论依据.
马铃薯是黑龙江省主要农作物,马铃薯产业是黑龙江省委省政府"十四五"重点支持发展的产业,具有广阔的市场前景.为了更好地促进黑龙江省马铃薯产业持续发展,在系统梳理黑龙江省马铃薯种植、加工、品牌建设、贸易等现状基础上,通过对比分析,总结出当前黑龙江省马铃薯产业存在的问题,并针对问题结合实际提出相应对策建议.该研究为促进黑龙江省马铃薯产业又快又好发展提供借鉴和参考.
马铃薯疮痂病是重要土传和种传病害,严重威胁马铃薯生产.为探究种薯的不同处理方式对马铃薯疮痂病的影响,以马铃薯品种'东农310'为试验材料,分别测量3种杀菌剂(70%代森联水分散粒剂、100亿cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂、70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂)和滑石粉的添加顺序对病情指数、畸形、出苗率、株高和产量的影响.70%代森联水分散粒剂单独拌种不加滑石粉出苗率最高,为84.00%.不添加滑石粉的药剂拌种处理病情指数低于后添加滑石粉的药剂拌种处理以及药剂与滑石粉一起拌种处理.后添加滑石粉的药剂拌种处理中,70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂拌种后加滑石粉,畸形数最低,为166.75个/667m2,显著低于对照处理.3种药剂混合拌种后再加滑石粉拌种处理,马铃薯产量最高为2 836 kg/667m2,显著高于对照处理.研究结果表明,先药剂拌种再添加滑石粉能有效防治马铃薯疮痂病且增产作用明显,研究结果对马铃薯疮痂病防治及科学使用滑石粉拌种具有指导作用.
'中加7'是以'费乌瑞它'为母本,'BQ-46'为父本,通过有性杂交选育而成的鲜食马铃薯新品种.2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD马铃薯(2021)150003.中熟,生育期85d左右.株型直立,植株生长势较强,茎、叶绿色,花冠白色,开花繁茂,可自然结实.块茎椭圆形,薯皮黄色,薯肉淡黄色,芽眼平浅,结薯集中.干物质含量21.50%,淀粉含量17.49%,蛋白质含量1.74%,维生素C含量42.50 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.10%.单株结薯数4～7个,平均单薯重181.05 g,商品薯率83.10%.在2020年生产试验中,'中加7'平均产量3 026 kg/667m2,较对照'费乌瑞它'(2 390 kg/667m2)增产26.61%.对马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)病表现感病,中抗马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)病,中感晚疫病.适宜在北方一作区内蒙古自治区、河北省、陕西省春季种植,中原二作区山东省春季种植,南方冬作区广西壮族自治区冬季种植.
由中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会、黑龙江省农业农村厅、齐齐哈尔市人民政府、北大荒农垦集团有限公司共同主办,北大荒薯业集团有限公司承办,国家马铃薯产业技术体系、黑龙江省农业科学院、东北农业大学协办的第二十四届中国马铃薯大会于2023年7月16～18日在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市召开.
