The shrinkage temperature,chromium content in waste liquor,thickness increasing rate,tearing force,softness and leather yield were investigated by orthogonal design,the retanning,filling and fatliquoring processes of wet dyeing and finishing of cattle upper leather were designed and optimized.The results show the optimum retanning process is 6％formaldehyde retanning agent,60 min rotation time,4％chrome retanning agent,90 min rotation time.The optimum filling process is 4％of acrylic resin,6％of amino resin,8％of synthetic tanning agent and 4％of vege-table tannin extract.The optimum fatliquoring process is 6％of synthetic oil,3％of tallow oil,4％of lecithin and 3％of synthetic ester.The properties of the upper leather made by the best technology integration meet the requirements of QB/T 1873-2010.
The objective of this research is to address the issue of automated selection of the optimal stretching position for leather during the leather toggling process. By analysing a substantial number of leather profiles and the actions involved in manual stretching and leather stretching, it has been determined that selecting appropriate stretching positions and intervals is the pivotal factor in enhancing leather yield. Through orthogonal experimentation, it has been deduced that the ideal distances between the stretching points on both sides of the head and tail, as well as on both sides of the body parallel to the midrib line, are 12cm and 9cm respectively. Building upon this, the study proposes an algorithm for identifying and locating the most suitable stretching positions based on the simplified skeleton method and the intersection method of drawn circles. The algorithm employs machine vision to obtain the initial image of the leather source, followed by preprocessing to eliminate image defects and accentuated contours. Subsequently, the thinning algorithm extracts the image skeleton, and the convolution operation filters out the ridges and limbs of the leather, resulting in the simplest skeleton that determines the requisite stretching points. Building upon the determination of the necessary stretching points, the remaining contour regions of the leather are established using the circle intersection method, thus obtaining the remaining stretching points. The identified algorithm for identifying the optimal stretching points in this study holds significant importance in the research and development of automated equipment for the leather stretching plate drying process, and serves as a valuable reference for enhancing leather yield and optimising the process.
In order to improve the fragrance retention performance of fragrant leather,the wet blue was used as raw material leather,the lavender essence oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound(LEO/β-CD)formed by β-cyclodex-trin(β-CD)included with lavender essence oil(LEO)was used as fragrant,and the pungent odor intensity,fra-grance concentration,fragrant comfort and the softness of the obtained fragrant leather were used as evaluation indica-tors,and the orthogonal design method was used to optimize the aromatization process of retanning,oiling,and colo-ring processes,and the fragrance retention performance of the obtained fragrant leather at different temperatures was investigated.The experiment results show that the optimized preparation process of lavender fragrant leather is as fol-lows:the addition amount of LEO/β-CD in the retanning,fatliquoring and coloring processes is 0.1％,0.5％and 0.2％,respectively.The fragrance retention performance of the obtained fragrant leather is much higher than that of ordinary fragrant leather,and it can be stored at room temperature for more than 6 months.The fragrant leather pre-pared by using β-cyclodextrin inclusion fragrance has long-lasting fragrance retention performance,which provides a new idea for the preparation of fragrant functional leather.
Low carbon economy is a major issue in the development process of Chinese leather industry.With a low carbon economy as the macro background,leather in the process of enterprise development in our country under the influence of low carbon economy policy in the face of such as pressure on energy conservation and emissions reduction is more and more big,more and more capital investment,competition between enterprises,such as the low carbon e-conomy under the background of how to improve the method of leather enterprise core competitiveness analysis,such as it is concluded that the core competitiveness of enterprises can be improved from the aspects of improving the inter-nal management mechanism,improving the independent innovation ability of enterprises,and balancing the relation-ship between internal and external industry chains.
By analyzing the surface characteristics of different parts of the last(middle saddle surface,back heel elliptic cone,front head crown surface)and their twisting changes,the formation reasons of shoe stilt were revealed.On this basis,the stilt and treatment methods of 4 different parts of the heel elliptic cone of the last,the saddle sur-face of the tarsal waist,the crown surface of the front head and the bend of the foot of the boot last were further inves-tigated.Then the warpage principles of 4 different parts of the last surface and 5 different structures of the shoe upper were summarized,which provided very important basic theory for improving the accuracy and benefit of manual warp-age and the research and development of digital warpage technology.
With the progress of population aging,the elderly foot motor function decline,postural control ability decline,sports injury rate increase will be more prominent.In this paper,the phenomenon and harm of foot motor function decline in the elderly were briefly described,and the characteristics of the old people's foot motor function decline were explored.Fifty-six healthy old people and fifty-six healthy young people were selected as subjects to test foot posture,foot muscle strength,plantar pressure and gait.The results showed that there is functional decline of the old people's foot muscles and muscle strength decreased obviously.The arch of the foot is sunk,and walking is easy to feel tired.Most of them walk with the outer eight gaits,which are characterized by slow gait,slow gait,hallux valgus and other motor function decline.
A silent basketball based on shock-absorbing and noise reducing synthetic leather material was designed to address the issues of poor sound attenuation,high sports noise,and poor shock absorption performance used in tra-ditional basketball.Polyurethane resin,foaming agent,water-soluble phenolic resin binder,etc.were used as prepa-ration materials,and polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and 1,4-butanediol were used as raw materials to produce poly-urethane resin.Synthetic leather materials with good elasticity and wear resistance were obtained.Applying it to the production of silent basketball,performance testing of polyurethane resin coatings and analysis of the mechanical prop-erties of synthetic leather show that the prepared vibration and noise reduction synthetic leather material has higher tear strength,tensile strength,and elongation at break compared to traditional synthetic leather materials.The sound of basketball hitting the ground is reduced,reducing the impact noise intensity.
In order to improve the dynamic performance of the servo system of leather machine,the optimization of parameters such as minimum cumulative tracking error,adjustment time and output integral was set as the optimization objectives of the servo control system,and the optimization of the position loop and speed loop of the control system was modeled with multi-objective mathematical conditions.At the same time,in order to obtain more efficient and high-quality optimization results,the quantum search algorithm is used to improve the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm,and the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is used as the solution algorithm of the optimization model.The simulation results show that,on the position loop,the optimized control parameters obtained by the proposed improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm can better improve the performance of the system.Compared with the traditional engineering tuning method and the MOGA algorithm,the step response adjustment time of the PID controller is reduced by 66.17％and 45.91％respec-tively,and the dynamic performance is better.Under the premise of lower proportional coefficient,the integral time constant is smaller,the adjustment efficiency is higher,and the overall performance is the best among the three.In the speed loop,compared with the traditional engineering tuning method and the MOGA algorithm,the optimized con-trol system using the proposed NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm not only greatly reduces the adjustment time,but also reduces the overshoot by 29.72％and 5.65％respectively,which has higher response efficiency and stability.It is worth further research and application in the multi-objective control optimization task of leather machine servo system.
With the rapid development of the global leather shoe industry,competition is becoming increasingly fierce,how to enhance trade competitiveness has become an urgent problem for the leather shoe industry.This paper expounded the development status of Chinese leather shoe industry,the factors affecting the trade competitiveness of the leather shoe industry,and how to improve the trade competitiveness of the leather shoe industry,so as to provide reference for the development of the industry.
Sport shoes are an important equipment to ensure that the human lower limb movement landing process is fully cushioned.By comparing the landing impact and load ratio parameters of 20 basketball athletes before and after high-inten-sity exercise,this paper obtained the difference of the impact of sport shoes on human lower limbs before and after exercise.The results show that the neuromuscular control strategy of human lower extremity will decrease slightly after high-intensity exercise,and the impact reduction effect of sport shoes on human lower extremity landing is more obvious.
With the improvement of economic level,people's diversified demand for leather products is also chan-ging.Leather products have a long cultural history in China.Diversified leather products can not only meet the needs of people's daily life,but also some leather products become a kind of artistic treasures with great cultural heritage,with inestimable artistic value.In recent years,as people pay more attention to the appearance design and brand cul-ture of leather products,more and more designers are also studying the impact of the application of color psychology on leather products.The importance and popularity of leather products in people's life benefit from reasonable and inno-vative color design.Accordingly,this paper expounded the development history of color design of leather products,analyzed the importance of studying color psychology in the design and application of leather products,and made an in-depth study on the application countermeasures of color psychology of leather products,in order to provide a refer-ence method for realizing a reasonable application method of color psychology.
In order to explore the influence of running shoes with different bending stiffness on the biomechanical characteristics of human lower limbs during jogging,four kinds of running shoes with different bending stiffness,0.06 Nm/deg,0.12 Nm/deg,0.24 Nm/deg and 0.36 Nm/deg,were designed.20 amateur runners were selected as re-search objects.The parameters of lower limb biomechanics during jogging were collected and analyzed.The results show that as the bending stiffness gradually increases from 0.06 Nm/deg to 0.36 Nm/deg,the changes in the biome-chanical characteristics of lower limbs of the study subjects are not linear.In general,0.24 Nm/deg bending stiffness running shoes can provide the best stability and cushionability of lower limb joints for the human body.
Fast RCNN or Faster RCNN algorithm is often used to detect surface defects of leather materials,but there are some problems such as low detection accuracy and average accuracy.In this paper,deep learning was used to improve the traditional algorithm Faster RCNN algorithm,and the improved algorithm was applied to the machine vision detection process of leather material defects.The optimization of machine vision detection of leather material defects was realized through the improvement of original map position coordinates,pooling layer algorithm design and convolutional neural network feature extraction.
Leather tire lacquer ware is a typical traditional leather art,with high cultural,aesthetic and artistic value.Starting with the aesthetic art of leather tire lacquer ware,this paper expounded the color aesthetic,the pattern aesthetic and the product aesthetic of traditional leather tire lacquer ware of ethnic minority in some place of our coun-try Guizhou,then summarized the developmental difficulty of leather tire lacquer ware,and analysed the inheritance and innovation and redesign of this technology,aiming at providing reference for the inheritance and innovative devel-opment of this technology.
In order to analyze the influence of insole stiffness on the biomechanical characteristics of human lower limbs during running,four kinds of insole with different flexural stiffness(low,medium,high and high)were cus-tomized.Twenty 20-year-old male college students with certain running experience were selected as the research ob-jects,and the kinematics and dynamics of the lower limbs and ankles of them wearing different stiffness insoles were analyzed with the help of Vicon 3D motion capture system and other devices.The results show that the greater or smal-ler the bending stiffness of the insole is not the better,and the choice of moderate or high bending stiffness of the in-sole can usually ensure the best kinematic and dynamic indexes,and also ensure the comfort of the insole to a certain extent.
Compared with silica inorganic extinction agent,organic polymer extinction agent has little influence on dry film ductility and high scratch resistance.It is a high-grade matte material and has great application pros-pect.This paper explored the synthesis of polystyrene microspheres and studies their extinction properties.The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,stirring speed,emulsifier and initiator dosage in the preparation of polystyrene microsphere were explored,and the extinction properties of the synthesized polystyrene microspheres were determined.Experiments show that polystyrene microspheres with good matting properties can be synthesized when the amount of emulsifier is 5％,the initiator is 0.5％,the polymerization temperature is 75 ℃,stirring speed is 300 r/min,and the reaction time is 6 h.
Temperature and humidity,dimethylformamide(DMF)concentration and pH value of wastewater are important monitoring indicators in the process of wet artificial leather production.The waste generated in the process of production is complex and harmful.If not strengthened monitoring and treatment,it will harm human health,cause ground water pollution and air pollution.In this paper,the production process of wet artificial leather was briefly in-troduced,and the development direction of the production process of artificial leather was explored.An automatic wet leather monitoring system was designed based on single chip microcomputer and PC.The system structure,hardware selection and software design were determined.The main hardware of the system included temperature and humidity sensor,DMF concentration automatic detector,pH value detection probe,display,and so on.The main control unit is AT89C52 single chip microcomputer,and various environmental parameters collected were sent to the single chip microcomputer for processing and calculation.VB6.0 software was used to store and display the data.The automatic collection and real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters in the process of wet artificial leather produc-tion were realized.
The versatility of footwear refers to the potential of a shoe to be adapted more than once,in the appear-ance or structure,for use in different occasions,in response to the demand for personalized style or out of the purpose of environmental protection.Based on the analysis of current research and development situation of versatile footwear,in terms of ways of design,practical methods,characteristics and limitations,this paper aimed to explore ways of de-signing versatile footwear based on the state-of-art technologies in relevant fields from the perspectives of sensitive material,virtual technology,medical assistance and sports adaptation,and modular design.
Sports protective shoes are necessary equipment to carry out some high-risk sports.Taking some com-mon sports protective shoes as an example,the influence factors of waterproof and moisture permeability of microfiber synthetic leather in sports protective shoes were analyzed.It was concluded that from the perspective of material struc-ture,the waterproof performance of microfiber synthetic leather mainly came from the surface coating of microfiber leather,and the moisture permeability mainly came from high-density fabric,and so on.The content of this paper aims to provide reference for the development and preparation of sports protective shoes.
The wave of informatization affects the development of domestic enterprises with unprecedented breadth and depth.Informatization has become the trend of social development and the focus of enterprise competition.Shoe and apparel enterprises as a basic enterprise of micro-economy in Chinese market,strengthening the integration of in-formation technology is conducive to improving the innovation ability of enterprises.This paper focused on analyzing the influence of informatization on shoe and apparel enterprises,and explored the innovative development mode of shoe and apparel enterprises under the background of informatization,so as to improve the sustainable development a-bility of shoe and apparel enterprises.
