The Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that during the"15th Five-Year Plan"period,resolving the issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural people must remain a top priority for the entire party,and efforts should be made to promote integrated urban-rural development.As an inevitable path to addressing the relative lag in agricultural and rural modernization,urban-rural integration has entered a new phase,transitioning from establishing institutional mechanisms to developing integrated factor allocation.This phase urgently requires new theoretical guidance and breakthroughs in dynamic models.This study constructs an analytical framework for the connotation of the urban-rural integration mechanism,encompassing"factors-industry-livelihoods-space-governance".It establishes a transmission model in which new-quality productive forces—comprising high-quality new laborers,new forms of labor objects,and high-value-added new means of labor—empower the"five-dimensional factors"of urban-rural integration.This model includes"four-wheel drive"to facilitate the flow of factors,"three-chain restructuring"to optimize the industrial structure,"four-end reconfiguration"to address shortcomings in livelihoods,"three-high transformation"to reshape spatial forms,and"three-governance innovation"to empower governance modernization.Furthermore,this theoretical innovation is applied to practice.Addressing the practical constraints on urban-rural integration,a policy framework is designed to closely link and effectively empower new-quality productive forces with urban-rural integrated development,focusing on"achievement transformation,chain extension,digital inclusion,technology supply,and platform construction".
Synthetic biology is an important frontier in the life sciences,yet its further development remains constrained by limited capacity for rational design.Quantitative synthetic biology,which iteratively integrates quantitative modeling with the construction and analysis of synthetic systems,offers a promising paradigm for addressing this challenge.In this perspective,the study discusses the background and motivations underlying the emergence of this field and summarizes recent developments and exploratory efforts.Considering the unique characteristics of quantitative synthetic biology,it is suggested that progress in the field may benefit from strategically organized collaborative research that balances mission-oriented goals with investigator-driven exploration.On the translational side,possible mechanisms are further discussed for facilitating the conversion of research advances into practical applications and broader societal value.It is hoped that these considerations may provide a useful reference for fostering a sustainable research and innovation ecosystem for quantitative synthetic biology in China and for supporting the long-term development of scientific and technological capabilities.
Basic research is the source of original innovation and the foundation for building a strong nation in science and technology.Compared with applied development research and engineering research,basic research is primarily concerned with exploring the frontiers,proposing new concepts,discovering new laws,and establishing new theories.Its outcomes are often difficult to predict in advance and are rarely subject to sufficient experimental and practical verification within a short time frame.These characteristics expose basic research to three inherent challenges in the philosophy of science.First,the experimental verification of fundamental theories often requires a long period of time.Second,in many fields of basic science,strictly implemented"double-blind"experiments are difficult to achieve,and theoretical expectations inevitably influence experimental design,data selection,and the interpretation of results.Third,sociological factors within science,including the scientific community,evaluation systems,and societal expectations,may shape researchers'attitudes toward"anomalous results"and"unexpected findings".For these reasons,the"questionable research practices"between responsible research conduct and academic misconduct in basic research tend to be more concealed and complex,and are difficult to identify and regulate solely through institutional rules.This paper argues that the intrinsic nature of basic research and the challenges it faces call especially for the spirit of Chinese scientists.Researchers must maintain a broad sense of responsibility while upholding independent thinking,the pursuit of truth,honesty and integrity,and the courage to correct errors.At the same time,research management bodies and government departments should follow the intrinsic laws of basic research and foster an innovation environment that tolerates failure,encourages open debate,and respects long-term accumulation.Only by combining scientists'own sense of responsibility with institutional tolerance of failure can the spiritual foundation of original innovation be truly consolidated.
Under China's strategy of becoming a science and technology powerhouse,traditional transmission-oriented science popularization inadequately addresses youth demands for frontier technology practice,constraining source innovation in talent cultivation.Informed by international approaches such as learning by doing and responsible research and innovation(RRI),together with domestic Chinese practices,this study formulates innovation-oriented science popularization(IOSP)as a new paradigm focusing on frontier technologies,deep experiential learning,and innovation capacity building.IOSP establishes a systematic implementation pathway through four integrated dimensions:layered content design,virtual-real fusion,industry-academia-research-user linkage,and multi-scenario coverage.Taking the Shanghai Youth Science Innovation Practice Workstation as a case study,the study analyzes its operational mechanism and educational effectiveness.Instead of creating new disciplines,the study suggests embedding science communication modules within existing"new engineering"curricula and incorporating popularization metrics into current professional title evaluations.This paradigm effectively stimulates societal innovation vitality,working synergistically with traditional popularization to advance both public scientific literacy and strategic technology talent reserves.
"Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development"emphasizes deepening cross-administrative cooperation,and improving mechanisms for inter-regional planning coordination,industrial collaboration,and benefit sharing to promote regional linked development.While China's"zero-waste city"initiative has achieved remarkable results,its long-term sustainability necessitates a shift towards coordinated regional synergy.This requires establishing enduring mechanisms for collaborative solid waste governance that transcend governmental,hierarchical,and departmental boundaries.The ultimate goal is to optimize the allocation of waste treatment resources between neighboring and even non-adjacent regions,foster a virtuous cycle of co-construction,co-governance,and shared benefits,and bolster a green,low-carbon transition alongside upgraded new quality productive forces.This paper elucidates the significant importance of synergistically advancing the regional"zero-waste city"development.It systematically reviews the progress made,analyzes the current landscape,and identifies existing challenges.Finally,it proposes recommendations:the development process should consciously strengthen top-level design for inter-regional collaboration,use major demonstration projects to catalyze synergistic regional solid waste disposal,fully promote information sharing and digital empowerment for cross-regional solid waste governance,continuously refine long-term coordination mechanisms both within and across regions,and construct a market-based system for cross-regional waste transfer and trading.
Particle physics and nuclear physics are core foundational disciplines for exploring the fundamental structure of matter and the origin of the universe.The deep integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology is providing entirely new pathways to address systemic challenges such as the processing of massive amounts of multimodal data,the realization of extreme experimental conditions,bottlenecks in theoretical calculations,and the intelligent control of large-scale scientific facilities.The article systematically elaborates on how AI deeply empowers particle physics and nuclear physics,particularly in major application scenarios such as research on the fundamental structure and origin of mass of matter,the properties of strongly interacting matter,the design and automatic control of accelerators and detectors,research on large scientific facilities such as synchrotron radiation sources and neutron sources,research on radiation effects and protection technologies in space and nuclear radiation environments,and the intelligent R&D,design,operation,maintenance,and safety supervision of nuclear power plants.The aim is to promote the discipline towards a new paradigm of data-driven,intelligent collaboration,and autonomous discovery,providing strategic support for national scientific and technological self-reliance and breakthroughs at the forefront.
The new wave of technological and industrial transformation is propelling scientific and technological innovation from isolated breakthroughs toward ecosystem-based collaboration.Deepening interdisciplinary integration and accelerated data-driven and AI-powered processes present fresh challenges to talent cultivation in higher education,demanding a systemic shift in higher education to align with the demands of scientific and technological innovation.This study analyzes the co-evolutionary relationship between higher education and scientific and technological innovation from a historical perspective;examines the defining features of scientific and technological innovation in the era of big science and the new requirements it places on higher education;elucidates the practical logic through which higher education supports scientific and technological innovation;and,on this basis,proposes key pathways for higher education reform,including strengthening the orientation toward national strategic needs,deepening systematic talent cultivation through industry-academia-research collaboration,and advancing reform of the talent evaluation system.
The national 15th Five-Year Plan once again emphasizes breaking the four-only criteria.Why is it so difficult to dismantle the four-only criteria?This study argues that an in-depth analysis of the underlying logical relationship between the old label-based evaluation model and the new connotation-oriented quality evaluation model is required to address this question.The study finds that the label-based evaluation model is a rational choice under specific historical circumstances and it has delivered positive effects.During the transition toward connotation-oriented quality evaluation,problems concerning indicators such as academic papers have been well resolved.Nevertheless,national science and technology awards and talent titles retain strong institutional inertia,standing as major obstacles to breaking the four-only criteria.This study proposes that these difficulties demand systematic planning amid the shift from traditional research administration to modern research governance,and puts forward four paths for the transformation reform of evaluation models.
To address the strategic demands of establishing China as a world-class science and technology power,the transformation of its S&T think tanks has become an urgent priority.The unique knowledge products generated by these think tanks in supporting decision-making for national S&T advancement constitute a vital component of China's independent knowledge system.Consequently,the transformation of S&T think tanks and the development of this domain's independent knowledge system form a mutually reinforcing and coupling process.This study analyzes the imperatives and positioning of think tank transformation and independent knowledge system development through the renewal of intellectual foundations,the articulation of value propositions,the shift in research perspectives,and the transformation of research paradigms.It concludes with prospects for the future trajectory of China's S&T think tanks.
Currently,the new round of technological revolution is accelerating its breakthroughs,and scientific and technological innovation has become the main battlefield for the competition among major countries.Facing increasingly fierce international competition in science and technology,China must strengthen the orientation of original innovation in scientific research and technological development,shift from"catching up"to"keeping pace"and"taking the lead"in more fields,from innovation in terminal products to breakthroughs in key core technologies,and from integrated innovation to original innovation.In recent years,China's industrial competitiveness has significantly enhanced,mainly due to the gradual formation of advantages such as a super-large-scale market,a complete industrial chain,abundant talent resources,digital economy,and new energy,which have been transformed into new comprehensive competitive advantages,propelling China's industries towards the medium-high end of the global value chain.China's financial system,which is dominated by indirect financing,has played a significant role in the rapid expansion of industrialization and urbanization.However,as economic growth shifts from factor-driven to innovation-driven,the mismatch between financial service supply and the financing demands of science and technology innovation enterprises has become increasingly prominent,urgently requiring accelerated adaptive adjustments to the financial system.
China has made remarkable achievements in combating desertification,achieving"zero net growth"in land degradation.With the goal of scientifically improving the relationship between humans and nature in drylands,the continuous exploration of new concepts,methods,and pathways for scientific desertification control will contribute to advancing the harmony between humans and nature in China's drylands.Based on the definitions of desertification,ecological restoration baselines,and the contributions of nature to humans,we clarified the scientific implications of"controlling desertification where it is feasible and necessary".We discussed the shift in China's desertification prevention and control direction from"humans advancing while deserts retreat"to"harmonious coexistence between humans and deserts",and from"expanding green spaces"to"green development"in the new era.Guided by the principle of"harnessing the power of nature"and aiming to"benefit people's livelihoods and well-being",we proposed four recommendations:strengthening the protection of pristine deserts,improving desertified rangeland management efficiency,enhancing the"four functions"of protection forests(as reservoirs,green banks,carbon sinks,and ecological barriers),and adapting to climate change in drylands.These measures are designated to scientifically promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in drylands.
