Based on the extensive collection and arrangement of the archaeological unearthed materials of Liao porcelain, this paper sorts out the research results of Liao porcelain. Looking at the research results of Liaoning porcelain in the past century, the research on the comb-shaped pot is relatively mature. Scholars discussed the classification, evolution sequence, functional use of the comb-shaped pot according to the number of perforations, the shape of the abdomen, the distance between the handle and the tubular mouth, foot rings, and the decoration of the imitation leather strips. The development and evolution sequence of comb-shaped pot is not only an important clue for the chronology and staging of Liao porcelain, but also a reference point for the stags dating of Liao tombs. In addition, significant achievements have also been made in the study of Liao Tricolor, Liao porcelain staging, kiln site and regional issues, and "imported porcelain". After the 21st century, the participation of arts and crafts, design, aesthetics, cultural heritage and other disciplines broadened the research horizon of Liao porcelain.
In recent years, the creation of unique regional culture has become an important factor in the positioning and selection of museum exhibitions. At the same time, it also puts forward new requirements for the deepening development of exhibitions, which makes the interpretation and reconstruction of the same batch of cultural relics specimens become the key. To this end, we try to make use of the reducibility research of archaeological data, explore from the two levels of micro analysis and macro combination, excavate the hidden information carried by cultural relics and design it into an independent story module, so as to enhance the appreciation and interest of cultural relic. Based on the analysis of the cultural or artistic connotation of cultural relics, the topics are refined from multiple perspectives of academic research and artistic aesthetics, and are combined into a logical and reasonable exhibition system to stimulate the audience to have multiple resonance points.
The workshop area of Erdaojingzi Site which facing the ditch is located in the south of the residential area, it is on the same slope with the burial area of the site, but separated from the the burial area by ditches and open spaces. The distribution area is relatively independent. There are kiln sites for firing pottery,special ash pits different from residential areas, and various remains of washing clay and mud storage. Judging from the distribution area, scale, pottery kilns, a series of pottery making remains, and small semi-underground houses for temporary residence and other relics, it should belong to the pottery making workshop area of the site.The discovery has a basic understanding of pottery production in the settlement of the Erdaojingzi site, and also shows the importance of pottery industry in the settlement at that time. At the same time, it provides important evidence for studying the distribution and layout of workshops in Lower Xiajiadian Culture and the development of pottery industry. Its similarities and differences with pottery workshops in the Central Plains and surrounding areas also reflect the extensive cultural and technological exchanges in various regions.
The Shijiawan remains represented by the Shijiawan Site and the Mapo Cultural Type represented by the Mapo H1, Pucheng are older than the Qijia Culture. In the meantime, the two cultural types mentioned above had played an important role in the formation of the Qijia Culture, which has specifically reflected in the inheritance relationship of artifects, decorative styles and sacrifice facilities. The occurrence of the Qijia Cultureis the result of the integration of the westward advance of the Eastern cultures and the Caiyuan Culture.
In 2019,a piece of iron armor was unearthed from the tomb of Murongzhi in Chashan Village,which was severely corroded when unearthed.In order to understand its corrosion mechanism and influencing factors,this paper uses modern scientific and technological means such as X-ray nondestructive testing analysis,scanning electron microscope energy spectrum,X-ray diffractometer,metallographic microscope and ion chromatography to scientifically analyze the preservation status,the types of harmful soluble salts,morphology,composition,structure and corrosion causes of surface corrosion products of the iron armor.After testing,it was found that the corrosion products of iron armor were mainly goethite and lepidocrocite,and the harmful ions were mainly Cl - ,NO 3 - and SO 4 2- .The metallographic display of the residual matrix was mainly pearlite,ferrite and carbon structure.Based on the results of X-ray nondestructive testing and 3D scanning,it is preliminarily judged that the iron armor is complete in structure and clear in arrangement and organization.
China has rich painting resources. In previous investigations and studies, scholars paid more attention to the iconography of rock paintings but attached little value to the carrier of rock paintings-rocks.Through investigation and research, the author proposes that the ancestors had a selectivity for the rock carrier and orientation while chiseling paintings, and this selectivity affected the chiseling of rock paintings. It is concluded that realistic factors, regional factors, religious worship factors and ethnic traditions exerted an influence on the carrier selection of chiseled rock paintings.
In 2021, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Wushen Banner Cultural Relics Protection Center carried out a rescue excavation on the Batuwan tombs in cooperation with the highway project from Tongshi to Haizepan（the boundary between Mongolia Shaanxi） of provincial highway 215. Two tombs of the Northern Wei Dynasty were cleaned up, which were the earth cave tomb with the slope tomb path and the brick chamber tomb. Because the tombs were stolen in the early period,the damage was serious, and few relics were unearthed. According to the shape of the tomb and the remains, the age of the tombs was roughly from Emperor Wencheng to Emperor Xianwen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
At present, there is a little dispute about the age of Wengguanliang Cemetery, located in Wushen Banner, Ordos City. The excavators believed it was a tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty, while Zhang Jingming believed it was a tomb of the Daxia Dynasty. Based on the comprehensive and detailed analysis of the shape and funerary objects of the M6, this paper believes that the cemetery should be the Northern Wei tomb after the unification of the north by Emperor Taiwu（439 years） and before the capital was moved to Luoyang（494 years）.At this stage, if there is no clear chronology or epitaph, it is still impossible to distinguish the tombs of the Daxia Dynasty from those of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the same period.
Xiaotangshan Site is located in Sanzuodian Town, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. A well-preserved Lower Xiajiadian Cultural Stone City Site was revealed during the excavation in 2021. Seven metal objects and one copper droplet were unearthed from the site. According to the composition test, six of them were bronze artifacts and two were brass artifacts. Compared with the bronzes unearthed from other sites, this paper holds that the bronze wares unearthed from Xiaotangshan site have the characteristics of early bronze wares, and the technical level is equal to other bronze wares from the lower Xiajiadian Culture. At the same time, from the perspective of the type characteristics, the unearthed artifacts at Xiaotangshan site show a close relationship with the Xia and Shang cultures and the Eurasian steppe cultures.
In the 1980s, the second National Cultural Relics Census of Ordos City found many ancient city sites, there are 17 city sites registered in Jungar Banner, which were checked again in the third National Cultural Relics Census. In 2014, the Ordos Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Ordos Museum carried out a special investigation, which found that the city site of Chengkulue of Jungar Banner in Ordos is slightly different with the results of previous survey. This paper analyzes the shape and relics of the city site,and supplements the existing situation of the city site, with a view to providing reliable information for future systematic research.
In February 2017, Tangshan Institute of Cultural Relics and Ancient Buildings received a report that a tomb robbery had occurred in Jianziling, Nanliuguzhuang Village, Taipingzhai Town, Qianxi County, and then sent personnel to the site for investigation. Through field investigation, it was confirmed that the suspected stolen tomb was actually a beacon tower site of the Great Wall of Sui Dynasty, and white glazed deep belly bowl and celadon plate of the Xing kiln were unearthed. The beacon ruins of the Sui Great Wall in Jianziling are the relics of the Sui Great Wall discovered and confirmed for the first time in Hebei Province, which further enriched the materials of the Sui Great Wall and has great significance for the study of the defense system of the Great Wall at that time.
The cultural relics of Rong and Di in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty discovered in Yangyuan County,Huailai County, Mancheng District, Shunping County, Tangxian County, Xingtang County, and the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province, as well as in Hunyuan County and Yuanping City in Shanxi Province in recent years, not only have the characteristics of nomadic culture, but also sets of bronze ritual vessels of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains were unearthed, reflecting a new cultural factor produced after the integration of the northern Rong and Di culture and the Zhou Culture during the Spring and Autumn Period. In particular, the discovery of the bronze ware group of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Jiugou Village, Yangyuan County provided new valuable information for the study of the northern Rong and Di culture during the Spring and Autumn Period.
In 2018, Liaoning Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with Chaoyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Jianping County Museum, carried out an archaeological survey on the Jianping Reshui animal husbandry farm. A total of 17 sites of Neolithic Age were investigated, including 1 site of Xinglongwa Culture, 12 sites of Hongshan Culture, 2 sites of Xiaoheyan Culture, and 2 sites containing the connotation of the Hongshan Culture and the Xiaoheyan Culture. The survey of above sites fills the blank of Neolithic sites in this area and provides basic materials for relevant research.
毛庆沟墓地与饮牛沟墓地是位于内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市凉城县毛庆沟村的两处地理位置相近、年代接续、考古学文化相似的墓地,且均蕴含着北方草原文化系统和中原文化系统两种不同的文化内涵.从体质人类学的研究视角出发,随着两处墓地发掘材料的不断丰富,对其人群内的不同人种因素分析也逐渐有了愈加清晰的认识.本文以毛、饮两处墓地目前出土的所有男性颅骨为研究对象,基于前人的研究成果,假设按照墓向所代表的不同葬俗而分组与合并,从而增加样本量来进行统计学分析.在验证分组假设可行性的同时,进一步分析两处墓地所代表人群内部的体质特征差异,以及与相关古代人种之间的距离关系,最终从古人种学的角度来探讨内蒙古中南部地区青铜时代到铁器时代早期的人群迁移与民族交融.
2016年底,唐山市迁西县擦崖子村发现明长城砖窑群.唐山市文物古建研究所与迁西县文物管理所随即对其中2座窑址进行了抢救性清理.通过清理,厘清了砖窑形制、结构,丰富了明长城砖窑的资料.
通过对扎赉诺尔墓地可断代的8座墓葬和12件、1组器物的分析,可将该墓地分为五期.第一期为西汉早期晚段至西汉中晚期前后,是墓地的初兴时期.第二期为西汉晚期至东汉前期,是墓地繁荣时期,也是鲜卑文化特征形成时期.第三期为东汉中期,遗存数量明显减少,开始向长城地带迁徙.第四期为东汉晚期,遗存数量进一步减少,与长城地带之间有一定文化交流.第五期为曹魏至十六国早期(即东晋前期),本地鲜卑文化传统明显变异并消失殆尽,辽西鲜卑部族的因素开始进入.扎赉诺尔墓地的分期是呼伦贝尔地区鲜卑遗存约五百年发展历程的缩影.
本文对辽墓壁画及相关文物进行了考证,收获主要有如下几方面:(1)辽墓出土的"臂鞲"应是礼仪化的射护具;(2)辽墓木板画上的日月旗可能是辽代帝王行军射猎之身份标识;(3)"山"字形冠体现了西域回鹘的文化因素;(4)辽墓壁画上人物所着红靴应即文献记载的"徐吕皮靴";(5)辽墓壁画上的青毡车、两轮红均可与文献记载相互印证;(6)辽墓壁画及陶俑上的髡发人物也可能是汉人;(7)辽代对道教的崇奉,在辽墓壁画及出土文物上均有反映,主要为道士、道教仙人、龟鹤、太极图及八卦纹图像等.
The Yaobotu Site is an archaeological cultural remains of the Late Neolithic Age in the West Liaohe River Basin. In 2015, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region conducted a rescue archaeological excavation in area I of the Yaobotu site, cleaned up the house site and ash pit, and unearthed various relics such as pottery, stone, bone, horn and so on. According to the analysis of the unearthed relics and the phenomenon of the remains, it is preliminarily believed that the area I of the Yaobotu site belongs to the remains of the Haminmangha Culture.
2019年,为配合长子县庆丰农副产品批发综合市场建设,山西省考古研究所联合市、县文物部门,对该工程涉建区域勘探发现的汉唐时期遗存进行了考古发掘.共发掘4座唐代墓葬,形制为3座砖室墓、1座土洞墓,其中2座砖室墓发现纪年墓志,出土器物有成组的陶壶、陶罐等.这些考古新发现,丰富了唐代墓葬考古材料,也为长治地区唐墓断代提供了又一准确标尺.
本文对两周时期中国北方地区铜鍑进行了类型学研究,结合各类型铜鍑流行年代将这些铜鍑分为两周之际、春秋前期、春秋后期和战国前期四个发展阶段,并分析了各类型铜鍑的地域特征差异.在此基础上,文章揭示了两周时期北方地区甲类铜鍑的发展演变序列,表明椭方口鍑很可能为本地起源,即由当地自身的圆口鍑一脉发展而来.
