The widespread consumption of wine in social life has affected many aspects of material and spiritual culture.The"pool","spring",and"river"of wine found in the Han Dynasty documents reflect the people's special love and passionate demand for wine,forming a long-lasting cultural memorial.Wine has become a symbol of richness,affluence,leisure and romance.The so-called"wine pool","wine spring",and"wine river"are literal representations of the consumption of wine in the social life history of the Han Dynasty,and also reflect the economic standards and folk customs of that time and of course,they can be seen as vivid signs of the memory of the history of wine.It is also a reflection of the economic standard and folk customs of the time and of course can also be regarded as a vivid indication of the memory of wine history.Those who are in-terested in the history and culture of the Han Dynasty should pay attention to the historical and literary ele-ments of the terms such as"wine pool","wine spring",and"wine river".
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the deepening of rural land system reform,granting farmers more full property rights and guaranteeing the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who settle in cities.The establishment of a scientific and reasonable voluntary paid withdrawal mechanism for rural homestead,the protection of farmers'usufruct of homestead,and the re-vitalization of idle rural homestead have important theoretical and practical significance for deepening the re-form of rural land system and promoting the implementation of the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress.This study takes pilot areas as the research object and conducts empirical research on the actual situation of homestead withdrawal of farmers who have settled in cities.The unclear definition of the subject of homestead withdrawal,insufficient motivation for homestead withdrawal,and unreasonable compensation standards for homestead withdrawal are the main obstacles that restrict the withdrawal of homestead for farmers who have set-tled in cities,The main way to grant farmers more full property rights and interests is to first clarify the owner-ship nature of the homestead subject,improve the disposal power of the homestead use right,improve the legal protection system for homestead withdrawal,and establish a relief mechanism for the homestead withdrawal subject in legislation.By leveraging the role of the market in resource allocation and constructing a top-level design for the confirmation system of homestead use rights,we aim to maximize the protection of farmers'le-gitimate rights and interests in the process of homestead withdrawal.
Interdisciplinary is an important lever in constructing the"double first-class".Faculty are the main body of interdisciplinary innovation.This research focuses on the influence mechanism of interdisciplinary re-search(IDR)behavior of faculty working in the"double first-class"universities,and constructs an analytical framework from three aspects:external environment,individual factors and interaction between the two.The results show that the micro mechanism of faculty's IDR behavior conforms to the"cognition-attitude-behavior"mediation model,and is mostly driven by internal satisfaction.On the environmental factors,both organiza-tional support and academic ecology have negative and positive moderating effect on the"cognition-behavior"and"attitude-behavior"pathways respectively,while journal ecology positively regulates the"cognition-atti-tude"pathway.The potential risk perception as an interactive factor has a positive regulation on the"cogni-tive-behavioral"pathway.Finally,incentive measures can be developed by starting from teachers,colleges,and disciplines.
The Qingguan System of the Tang Dynasty was a system that classified officials into the noble and the humble to signify their social status.In the official system of theTang Dynasty,there were not only divisions of civil officials and military officials but also different values that classified the noble from the humble.Civil and military officials,in essence,were only different in their duties and positions,and there should not be any difference in their rankings.However,due to the influence of the tendency of civil officials to be seen as nob-ler than military ones,officials'rankings and social status separated.From the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period of the Dunhuang documents,we can have a glimpse of the actual appear-ance of the Tang people's concept of civil officials and military officials,showing the political environment of the Tang Dynasty in which civil officials were much higher than military officials.In the Dunhuang documents,some Qingguang were not registered,as revealed in the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period.To be more precise,military officials were not marked or registered as Qingguan.Such a fact shows the concept of one being much nobler than the other,and the political status of military officials was denied.The Qingguan System was recorded in the Six Canons of the Tang Dynasty and the Old Book of Tang History.In contrast,the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period reveals the genuine political landscape.The Qingguan System inherits from the mindset of Northern Dynasties regime that different kinds of officials should be treated differently since the Wei and Jin Dynasty,embodying the feature of"not differentia-ting civil and military officials"in its system.The P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Pe-riod records that prestigious and promising civil officials,rather than military officials,were seen as Qingguan in their political system.Qingguan System was closely integrated with civil officials,showing that the framework of political status influenced by the tendency to favour civil officials was built and the trend of seeing civil offi-cials as much nobler than military ones.Due to the fact that Qingguan was both a luring political advantage and a potential condition to build a community with shared political interests,civil officials were doing their best to tie the concepts of Qingguan with civil officials and pinpoint the status of the civil officials in the politi-cal landscape.Imperial censors were closely connected with the Qingguan System,a typical example of that political system.Before the mid-Tang Dynasty,if the military officials got the title of imperial censors,it re-presented an unparalleled honour.The authority of imperial censors dropped significantly during the period when Li Linfu served as the Prime Minister.The An-Shi Rebellion(AD755-763)and warlordism in the mid-dle and late Tang Dynasty shook the system concerning civil officials.The combination of military officials and imperial censors indicates the chaotic relationship between civil and military officials during this period.Ac-cording to tomb records,the number of"military officials who also served as imperial censors"began to in-crease during the Zhenyuan period(AD785-805),which can be attributed to the outbreak of the An-Shi Re-bellion.At the beginning of the war,the Tang regime began to value its reliance on military officials.To boost morale,it had to provide a large amount of money to reward the military,which led to financial difficulties.At this time,the imperial censors,which were only effective in their titles and did not have any power in reality,naturally became an excellent choice for granting military officers to enhance their social prestige and political status.As the political status of the military officials rose,the number of military officers with the titles of im-perial censors began to increase by leaps and bounds.Such indiscriminate granting of"imperial censors"re-sulted in the official rank trend,so that"imperial censors"such as"imperial historian"wasdeprived of their rights and duties,turning them into merely figureheads.The notion of civil officials being noble and crucial gradually vanished since then.Since the mid-Tang Dynasty,the political and social status of military officials rose significantly under the impact of the An-Shi Rebellion and warlordism during this period.The official ranking system was also shaken,where the civil officials were noble,and the military was humble.Such a system,as recorded in the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period,was collapsed in the An-Shi Rebellion.Under the impact of the An-Shi Rebellion and warlordism during this period,the new-military officials were given positions as imperial censors because of their achievements in wars,resolving com-pletely the Qingguan System,which civil officials relied heavily on.The impact brought by military officials al-so dove away at the mindset of ranking officials based on their positions.It reshaped the relationship between the civil and military officials in the middle and late of the Tang Dynasty.The Dunhuang documents and Tang people's tomb records help us to break through the limitations of biographical documents and to show the Qingguan System of the Tang Dynasty and its evolution process more comprehensively and dynamically.Such evolution indicates not only the competition between civil and military officials but also the political framework where officials of different kinds played their parts in various political situations of the Tang Dynasty.
International students who actually live and study in China with their authentic experience and better understanding of Chinese culture can play an important role in sharing Chinese stories with those who are not familiar with China.From the perspective of international and area studies,an expanded model based on the theory of planned behavior was applied to examine international students'intention and relative affecting factors of Chinese stories sharing.A questionnaire survey was conducted and 616 responses underwent data analysis using hierarchical regression analysis.The results show international students'intention of sharing Chinese stories is reasonably high.Except for subjective norm,all the other variables of the theory of planned behavior model,namely instrumental attitude,perceived behavioral control,affective attitude and descriptive norm all have significant impact on international students'intention of sharing Chinese stories,and affective attitude was the strongest predictor.Meanwhile,PROCESS was used to examine the moderating effect of international students'false/fake information identification between instrumental attitude and sharing intention,as well as between affective attitude and sharing willingness.The results show false/fake information identification mod-erate the relationship of sharing intention with both instrumental attitude and affective attitude negatively.This study reveals that the trigger mechanism of international students'Chinese stories sharing behavior is a com-plex process affected by a variety of factors,which calls for ① an adoption of customized communication strat-egies according to international students'regional and national differences;② a better facilitation from Chinese teachers,as they can convey and share Chinese stories with international students directly,and more impor-tantly,their noble conduct with Chinese characteristics is part of Chinese stories themselves;③ ways to help international students realize their identity as"an international student in China",strengthen the bonds be-tween international students and China;④ a friendly environment on international public opinion,the effect of spiral of silence still exist among generation Z,the youngest,even though they can identify fake/false informa-tion about China,they can still be mute when the opinion environment is to be inundated with negative and stereotyped opinions towards their studying destination. Encouraging international students to share Chinese stories is not only a matter of language,culture and education,but also a matter of mutual understanding between the Chinese people and the world.In recent years,China has been advocating the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind in response to the world's undergoing drastic changes.This requires the formation of mutual rational and objective under-standing between China and other countries in the world.International students from different countries and re-gions with their unique perspectives of the others can provide multiple valid communication channels to help the world to understand the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,and their importance must be acknowledged.
Non-governmental organizations(NGO)are not only an important vehicle for promoting social gov-ernance in Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries,but they also pose severe challenges to social and politi-cal stability.The political turmoil in Egypt in 2011 was closely related to non-governmental organizations.How to govern NGO has became an important factor in achieving stability in Egypt.After 2013,the Egyptian gov-ernment gradually weakened the political nature of NGO,strengthened regulations on the behavior of NGO,and cut off their economic ties with overseas forces.NGO exhibits"weak state governance".On the other hand,it strengthens cooperation with NGO in the fields of social and economic development,charity and peo-ple's livelihood,making NGO one of the main bodies of"strong social governance".This has promoted E-gypt's transition from chaos to governance,eliminated an important basis for street politics,and eased the def-icit in Egypt's social governance.
Xianghe,as a form of singing,originated early and became more popular during the Han Dynasty,and thus became the name of a category of musical songs,whose specific forms of singing included instrument-to-instrument harmonisation,instrument-to-person harmonisation,stringed instruments,wind instruments and human harmonisation,and human-to-human harmonisation,and whose lyrics did not originate from people's self-indulgent chants but from those sung by professional artists mentioned in the introduction to Guo Maoqian's The Collection of Poems of the Yuefu:In this book,however,only the first four modes are included,and there is no mention of the Cediao,because there is no Cediao lyrics in The Yuezhi of Songshu,which was the reference for Guo Maoqian's The Collection of Poems of the Yuefu.In the book,Xianghe lyrics are divided in-to the following categories:Xiangheliuyin,Xianghe songs,Yintan songs,Sixian songs,Pingdiao songs,Sedi-ao songs,Chudiao songs,and fifteen kinds of Daqv songs.Among these categories,the fifteen kinds of Daqu songs are not a kind of tunes along with the other eight categories.
The development of online retail market has become an important factor affecting China's regional economic disparity.This paper uses the data of more than 60 e-commerce platforms in prefecture-level cities from 2018 to 2021 to explore the internal relationship between the development of online retail and regional e-conomic gap.The research findings are as follows:First,generally speaking,the development of online retail market has widened the regional economic gap in China,and formed a polarization phenomenon of"the stron-ger gets stronger"to a certain extent.Second,the convergence effect of online retail on promoting economic gap only occurs in the eastern region,while it has a reverse divergence effect on the economic gap between the central and western cities and the leading cities in China.Third,the online retail of agricultural products helps to narrow the economic gap,and the convergence effect on the western cities is stronger than that of the central cities.The conclusion of the study provides a theoretical basis for supporting the development of online retail in different regions and strengthening the cooperation of eastern and western agricultural products consumption.
Since Richard Shusterman put forward the subject of"Somaesthetics",the related knowledge pro-duction has shown an increasing trend year by year.Shusterman's thought of somaesthetics is just like a turn-ing event in the history of aesthetic development,unexpectedly connecting two different paradigms.If Richard Shusterman's Somaesthetics and its related discourse research is the deconstruction and transcendence of the dual opposition of body and mind in western traditional aesthetics,then the body aesthetics research in the post-human era is the technical practice and reflection of the unity of body and mind.The transformation from"Somaesthetics"to"post-Somaesthetics"is fundamentally a transformation of the mode of knowledge produc-tion,that is,the transformation from the mode of knowledge speech mainly deconstructed in the frame of dual-ism to the mode of reflexive speech integrated with science and technology and humanity.This knowledge type's displacement of Somaesthetics updates and reshapes our knowledge map,enables us to have a more ac-curate grasp of the nature from"the natural human"to"the intelligent robot",and it also provides a possible path for reference for the construction of the current aesthetic system.
In the modern revival of Mohism,Lu Xun affirms the practical and sacrificial spirit of the Mohists,describing it as"the backbone of China",which has become an established consensus.However,in his work Fei Gong,Lu Xun employs fiction and imagination,focusing on minor characters like Gongshu Ban,and com-pletes the plot model of the ideal trio with the premise of"rational man hypothesis".The novel adopts the technique of"criticizing through praise"to gradually manifest the defects of Mohist thought.The rain-soaked Mo Dithus became a symbol created by Lu Xun to represent the fate of all pioneers.
The pace of the digital intelligence era has brought new opportunities and challenges to enterprises,and also put forward higher skill requirements for employees.With the growth of age and the deterioration of physical functions,middle-aged employees are frequently considered to be gradually out of touch with the times and technology,and they are labeled as lacking creativity,facing the risk of being replaced by young people.However,some scholars point out that middle-aged employees have more advantages in terms of work experience,knowledge reserves,and executive force,so it is a prejudice to differentiate employees'creativity in the light of age.Based on the theory of emotional cognitive evaluation,this paper explores the impact of midlife crisis on the creativity of knowledge-based employees,divides negative emotions into two dimensions of activation degree and regulatory focus,and investigates the mediating roles of high activation-promotion nega-tive emotions and low activation-prevention negative emotions between midlife crisis and employee creativity.And according to two different ways(problem-focused and emotion-focused)to cope with emotions,a chain mediation of low activation-prevention negative emotions and sense of work meaning as well as a chain media-tion of high activation-promotion negative emotions and proactive occupational behavior are developed.The fol-lowing conclusions are drawn:① Midlife crisis is positively correlated with two types of negative emotions.②Low activation-prevention negative emotions and sense of work meaning as well as high activation-promotion negative emotions and proactive occupational behavior play the role of chain mediation between midlife crisis and employee creativity.③ Core self-evaluation positively regulates the relationship between midlife crisis and high activation-promotion negative emotions.④ The emotion regulation dimension of core self-evaluation nega-tively regulates the relationship between midlife crisis and low activation-prevention negative emotions.
In order to avoid sanctions,companies often agree to abide by sanctions law to meet compliance re-quirements.In the follow-up of dispute resolution,the judges and arbitrators pragmatically deal with the appli-cation of sanctions law,which can inject certainty to the safety of transactions.However,according to the tra-ditional theory of the seat of legal relations,private international law belongs to the applicable law of civil law,and foreign public law cannot be introduced into this field.It is more appropriate to explain the socialization of private international law and the introduction of foreign public law from the perspective of governmental interest analysis after the revolution of conflict of laws.By reconstructing the private international law through the theo-ry of government interest analysis,China's public law can also be applied extraterritorially,and the anti-sanc-tion law can even block the implementation of the sanction law.
With the innovative development of financial technology,the profound changes have been brought to financial markets and services.The inherent and related risks also bring great challenges to the current regula-tion system of financial supervision.The inherent logic of strengthening the legal governance of financial sci-ence and technology is the financial security and the modernization of financial governance.To realize financial technology supervision through legislation is an inevitable measure and strong guarantee to promote financial technology reform,development and stability.The legislation of financial technology supervision calls for the establishment of two principles:Upholding the Party's leadership of financial technology supervision and bal-ancing the dual interests of development and security,through perfecting the supervision system,innovating the supervision idea and optimizing the supervision mode,we can we realize the transformation of the financial science and technology supervision idea and the upgrading of the supervision mode.
The pension services for the disabled elderly is one of the important contents of basic public services for the disabled,and is also one of the difficult and painful points in the development of the handicapped utili-ties and social security system.The pension problems of the disabled and their guardians are both general and special.The pension problem of the intellectual disabilities is more complex and special.From the"care peri-od"to the"post-care period",the future placement needs of the intellectual disabilities and the needs of guardians for the elderly become more prominent.In this study,samples were selected with a purpose-based sampling method for investigation,and a multinomial logit model was established to study the formation mecha-nism of the willingness of intellectual disabilities and their guardians to choose pension methods from individual and family dimensions,social support dimensions and pension risk perception dimensions.The results show that the individual and family characteristics,social support characteristics and risk perception characteristics of the intellectual disabilities have heterogeneity on the choice of the intellectual disabilities and their guardians to support the intellectual disabilities at home in the community,alone in institutions,and together in institu-tions.Therefore,it is suggested that we should improve the life quality of the families of intellectually disabled individuals from three aspects in the future:optimizing the community home care service,exploring the"dual-track"integration model of institutions,and strengthening the social support for the intellectual disabilities and their guardians,so as to realize"providing for the elderly"and"helping the weak".
Based on the analysis of burial customs and burial pottery assemblages,we can see that the Qin cemetery in Renjiazui is a public cemetery where several Qin ethnic groups and their families and immigrants are buried together.The cemetery structure reflects the development of the social grass-roots organization from the geographical structure linked by blood relationship to the new geographical structure based on the geo-graphical relationship to try to gather the buried people together.There are differences in class and status a-mong the owners of different types of tombs,which can be generally divided into three classes:the low level a-ristocrats of the aristocracy and the meritorious landlords with certain positions,the disgraced aristocrats of the middle class,the rich landlords,the grass-roots officials and the immigrants after the late Warring States peri-od,and the relatively rich people of the common class,the ordinary people and the destituted people of the first two classes.The boundary between the tombs of adjacent strata was blurred,and there was a common phenomenon that people of all strata divided into upper and lower strata,which also reflected the drastic social changes at that time from a side.
"Create form with spirit"is the core proposition of Shi Lu's Xue Hua Lu about creative aesthetics.On the one hand,he reconstructed the traditional aesthetic category represented by"heart","object","form"and"spirit"through modern concepts and vocabulary such as"subjective","objective","general","individual","abstract"and"fiction",and restored the psychological schema of Chinese painting creation.On the other hand,he also used"meaning","reason","method","interest"to separate the"pen and ink techniques","form","meaning"and other technical principles in the creation of traditional Chinese paint-ing,and reiterated the aesthetic ideal of"the unification of the main body with the external objects"and"both form and spirit".The aesthetic proposition of Xue Hua Lu has witnessed the exploration process of Chang'an School of Painting in"reaching for tradition with one hand",and it is also a vivid portrayal of the spirit of new China's"seventeen-year art"to continue the tradition and seek innovation.
社会化媒体语境下,中国传统文化的创造性转化与创新性发展面临机遇与挑战并存的局面.本文通过扎根理论对中国传统文化创新传播的相关文献、新闻和实践案例的访谈资料进行编码分析,构建了社会化媒体语境下中国传统文化品牌创新表达模型.研究发现,用户视角、技术赋能构成了传统文化创新表达的基础,新旧混搭、打破常规、碎片化生存构成了传统文化创新表达的策略,产消一体、社会化传播构成了传统文化创新表达的效果.该模型中的三个模块相互依存、彼此影响,共同构成了社会化媒体语境下传统文化品牌创新表达的逻辑闭环.三个模块之间应该建立一种三位一体的循环优化机制,从而促使传统文化创新表达具备稳固的基础、弹性灵活的策略组合以及即时精准的表达效果.
农业保险具有风险分散、经济损失补偿、担保增信功能,与农村扶贫需求天然契合.通过系统梳理分析农业保险在我国西部农村脱贫攻坚中的体制机制创新、典型模式及案例,用西部12省(区、市)的面板数据,测度贫困指数,评价分析脱贫效果、影响因素及存在问题,提出农业保险在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、保驾护航乡村振兴战略高质量实施中进一步发挥作用的路径与对策建议.
在众多因素的联合作用尤其是拉姆齐和斯拉法的激烈批评之下,维特根斯坦逐渐走出《逻辑哲学论》的抽象语言实践观,在以《哲学研究》为代表作的后期哲学中展现了人类语言实践的广阔背景,并以此为依据揭示传统哲学由于误解语言用法而产生的种种问题.虽然维特根斯坦以"语言游戏""家族相似""生活形式"等独创性概念以及举例分析和对话辩驳的独特方法所开展的是一种"语法性研究",但正是"人类学"转向才使他看清人类语言实践的本来面目,看清语言的社会性和历史性,从而为这种研究、为批判传统哲学奠定坚实的基础.《哲学研究》依据人类语言实践从简单到复杂的演进历程,循序渐进地揭示了以"名称对象"模型为主要误解图像而产生的种种哲学问题,不仅提供了反省哲学本性的经典案例,而且为哲学的实践转向注入新的活力.
秘书省正字、校书郎除授,是南宋馆阁制度的重要组成,鉴于为国储备公卿之才的"初衷",选拔程序严格,有召试除职、荐举试职和免试直除三种方式.作为"折中"的直除,昭示了重用人才、求贤若渴的国家形象.馆职召试仅试策一道,要求博通古今,为当下朝廷提供切实有效的策略方案.馆职对策要求鲠亮切直,忠谠无偏;深于事理,逻辑严密;文气恢宏,辞藻温润等.实际上,对策颂圣谀世层见叠出,含金量未必很高,但由于召试者的身份特征和素养要求,其水准还是高于一般试策.文人入馆后的平台特质和职业要求,文士间的砥砺切磋,致使他们既能履行代王立言、润色鸿业的基本职任,又能彰显"深思治乱,指陈得失"的政治品格.制度初衷和现实折中的融渗里,馆阁机构有效有序运转.
