Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stands as a significant global cancer, contributing to increased illness and death rates. It ranks sixth among cancers worldwide, with over 550,000 new cases each year. Major databases such as Medline were explored detailed literature search in resulting in a systematic review pertaining to podoplanin. Fourteen scientific articles dated between 2020 – 2024 pertaining to podoplanin were highlighted. Podoplanin (PDPN) has emerged as a pivotal player in tumor behavior and progression across various carcinomas. Structurally unique, PDPN lacks recognizable functional domains but exerts profound effects on cell behavior through interactions with various proteins, orchestrating processes such as tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Detailed information regarding podoplanin and its vital role in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology is discussed in this systematic review.
La infección por COVID-19, declarada pandemia mundial, afecta a todos los grupos de edad, si bien los niños representan un porcentaje bajo de infección, es importante mencionar que tienen un papel relevante en la transmisión del virus, por otro lado, se ha informado que los pacientes pediátricos tienden a generar un síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico que se encuentra asociado a COVID-19, dicho síndrome compromete la vida del paciente. El espectro y cuadro clínico de los pacientes pediátricos es muy variado y generalmente cursan con síntomas inespecíficos para la enfermedad, por ello, es importante determinar este cuadro de signos y síntomas en este grupo poblacional para distinguir cuando nos enfrentamos a un caso sospechoso o a un caso positivo, lo que ayudará a brindar atención temprana a pacientes que puedan presentar riesgo de sufrir complicaciones. El propósito de la presente revisión bibliográfica es dar a conocer el cuadro clínico del COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos. Se concluye indicando que a pesar de que la infección por COVID-19 en niños representa un porcentaje muy bajo, es importante una mejora contínua en el conocimiento sobre la epidemiología, sintomatología y todo el cuadro clínico en relación al COVID-19 en los pacientes pediátricos, con el fin de prevenir síndromes más graves de la enfermedad y actuar a tiempo para la mejora del paciente.
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en la población general, y los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes no son una excepción. Este aumento no puede explicarse exclusivamente por la mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en este grupo de pacientes. Una de las causas del aumento del riesgo cardiovascular entre los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes puede ser el impacto negativo de estas afecciones en el perfil lipídico. Las pruebas indican que las dislipidemias pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mayoría de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Las alteraciones del perfil lipídico, con cambios en las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas, han sido poco estudiadas como marcadores de riesgo en pacientes con diferentes enfermedades autoinmunes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el papel de la dislipidemia como factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes.
Tumor hypoxia plays a critical role in cancer progression and treatment resistance, and gene expression-based scoring systems such as Buffa, Ragnum, and Winter have been developed to quantify hypoxia levels. Under-standing the relationship between hypoxia, survival outcomes, and clinical stratifiers like molecular subtype and race is essential for advancing personalized care in breast cancer. Hypoxia scores were analyzed across tumor stages using Buffa, Ragnum, and Winter models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis evaluated the prognostic impact of high versus low Buffa scores on progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Stratified analyses were conducted by molecular subtype, AJCC stage, and race. Pearson correlation measured concordance among hypoxia scores. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed using MANTIS and MSI Sensor scores, and their association with genomic instability (Fraction Genome Altered) was explored. Buffa and Winter scores revealed higher hypoxia in inter-mediate stages (IIA, IIB), whereas Ragnum showed more uniform levels. Elevated Buffa scores were significantly associated with worse PFS, DFS, and DSS. Lumi-nal A subtype had better prognosis than Basal-like and Luminal B; advanced stages and Black or African American patients showed poorer outcomes. Strong correlations were found among hypoxia scores (r = 0.65-0.88). Most tumors were microsatellite stable, but a subset with high MSI Sensor scores also showed increased genomic alterations. Hypoxia levels vary by stage and scoring system and are strongly linked to survival outcomes. Molecular subtype, tumor stage, and race significantly affect prognosis, emphasizing the need for multidimensional stratification. Hypoxia scores are concordant and useful, and MSI may contribute to genomic instability in specific subgroups of breast cancer.
Umbilical skin metastasis is also known as sister joseph nodules. Its occurrence in carcinoma of the colon is considered to be rare. The finding of umbilical metastasis indicates a poorer prognosis for the patient and a less survival rate. The Sister Mary Joseph nodule can be mistaken for a number of cutaneous tumors that grow on the umbilicus. Histological/cytological assessments of all umbilical sores are obligatory, to decide its inclination and furthermore for the possible primary source.
This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the fracture strength of Computer Aided Designing, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3-unit anterior Zirconia, and PEEK framework. A prefabricated prepared teeth model for 3-unit anterior FPD in relation to 21,22 & 23 was obtained and scanned using 3 Shape, Trios intraoral scanner, and a metallic die was milled using base metal alloy. The metallic die was scanned using the same Intraoral scanner (3 shape, Trios), and five 3-unit CAD/CAM Zirconia (Group A) and five 3-unit PEEK (Group B) frameworks were fabricated and cemented to the metallic die using resin cement. A universal testing machine was used for the fracture strength evaluation. The load was applied to the specimen at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until catastrophic failure occurred. This was repeated for all the FPD frameworks, and the fracture strength mean value was recorded and statistically analyzed through an Unpaired Student t-test. The mean fracture strength of CAD/CAM Zirconia is 1862 N +18.8149 N, and the mean fracture strength of CAD/CAM PEEK is 2563 N +19.7231 N. The Fracture strength of CAD/CAM PEEK framework was higher than that of CAD/CAM Zirconia framework. The values were statistically significant by 1% (p value < 0.01). Since PEEK showed a significantly higher fracture strength value compared to Zirconia, it could be an alternative metal-free, esthetic material for replacing missing anterior teeth.
In order to describe a case of human coinfection of a 24-year-old male with Ascaris lumbricoides and dengue virus, a documentary search was conducted in three databases: Google Scholar, PubMed and Medscape, for which we used a combination of keywords in English and Spanish with the use of the Boolean operators: AND, OR and NOT. A total of 22,937 documents were obtained, including clinical cases, reviews of the different immune mechanisms, clinical aspects and others. An interesting interplay between Th2 immune responses to extracellular pathogens and a Th1 cell response for intracellular virus, indicate the involvement of IL-10, TGF-beta 1 and regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) on the side of A. lumbricoides and a state of "immunosuppression" induced by this worm that favors viral replication of the dengue virus, with immune mechanisms such as activation of the complement system, lymphoblastolysis in bone marrow, immunoelimination by NK cells. All of the above, combined with malnutrition, played against this susceptible host, leading to a fatal outcome. It is necessary to implement basic environmental sanitation measures such as fumigation, access to drinking water, a sewage system, and adequate waste disposal. We must also assume joint responsibility as members of the health team, and state and municipal health authorities, and provide adequate health education to our population, so that lives are not lost to diseases that we can jointly control.
Microscopic differentiation of benign and low grade malignant lesions of prostate pose a challenging task for the pathologists. Immunohistochemistry markers can prove costlier in resource poor settings. To assess the utility of mucin stains in evaluating and differentiating benign and malignant lesions of prostate. 100 prostatic biopsies received in the Pathology department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of one and half years were included in this study. In addition to routine H&E, the sections were stained with Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) and Mucicarmine (MC) stains. Out of 100 prostatic biopsies studied, 90% of benign cases and 53% malignant lesions showed positivity with Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain. With Alcian blue, 67% of malignant lesions showed positivity and with Mucicarmine 60% of malignant lesions showed positivity. In contrast only 1% of benign lesions were positive with Alcian blue and Mucicarmine. Neutral mucin was found to be more frequently positive in benign lesions of prostate whereas acidic mucin is expressed only in malignant lesions.
Headache, localized cerebral ischemia, and oculosympathetic paresis are hallmark features of Horner's syndrome, which may arise secondary to internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD)-a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical to alleviate symptoms and prevent serious neurological sequelae such as ischemic stroke. Dentists, often being the first professionals consulted for orofacial pain, play an important role in recognizing atypical presentations that may mimic common dental pathologies. We present the case of a patient with painful partial Horner's syndrome secondary to ICAD, in whom timely dental referral facilitated early detection and intervention, ultimately averting a potentially fatal ischemic event. This case underscores the importance of vigilance among dental practitioners in identifying red flag symptoms, emphasizing their role in early diagnosis and prevention of life-threatening complications.
There are multiple options for replacing missing teeth, many patients are unaware of the full range of available choices. The aims and objectives was to assess the patients needs and awareness of replacing missing teeth with prosthesis. This crosssectional study was conducted at Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences over a period of 6 months. The study targeted patients aged 20-60 years, residing in Tamil Nadu. The inclusion criteria were patients within the specified age range and residing in Tamil Nadu, while patients below 20 years and above 60 years were excluded. The sample size was determined using the Krejicie & Morgan (1970) formula, with a required sample size calculated using t-tests for means. The study employed a pre-validated structured questionnaire consisting of 15 closed-ended questions, including multiple-choice and yes/no questions. Data collection involved administering the questionnaire to gather information on perceptions of missing teeth. 33The collected data was compiled in an Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS software version 20, with descriptive statistics performed to summarize the findings. In conclusion, most of the patients understood that the long term costs of non replacing the missing teeth would be higher than the cost of replacement.
Appendectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide, generally considered straightforward. However, complications can arise, including stump appendicitis, which occurs when a remnant of the appendix becomes inflamed. The incidence is low, approximately 1 in 50,000 cases, and its diagnosis is often complicated due to the rarity of the condition, leading to delays in treatment and increased morbidity. We present a case of stump appendicitis of a 66-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa, accompanied by fever and a history of open appendectomy seven years prior. Despite conservative treatment with antibiotics, the patient showed no improvement, leading to a CT scan that revealed an inflamed and perforated appendiceal stump. This resulted in the decision to perform an exploratory laparotomy and resection of the stump. Stump appendicitis, although rare, is a serious complication that requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Transfusion of packed red blood cells remains a mainstay and integral part in patient management. The blood is a limited and precious resource and the attempts to come up with alternate to blood have not yielded any satisfactory results, the judicious and appropriate use of blood and its component become very important. This was a prospective study conducted in Blood bank, Department of pathology at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute carried out after approval of institutional ethics committee for a period of one year (May 2020- May2021). 600 patients were included in the study. All the requests form for packed red blood cells referred to blood bank more than 18 years of age from all the clinical departments included in the study. Overall, 1487 Packed red blood cell units were requested and cross-matched, 939 PRBC units were utilized by 600 patients during the study period. The maximum number of units 52.6% were utilized by female patients 53.6% and 47.3% requests from 46.3% males. We analyzed appropriate utilization of PRBC using quality indicators. In which overall, CT ratio is 1.5, TI is 1.3, TP is 84%, thereby indicating appropriate usage of packed red blood cell unit in our study. However, considering individual specialty department showed excess ordering and cross-matching of blood. NUP was observed to be 36.8%, resulting in excessive crossmatching of red cell units and non-utilization.
The evaluation, control, measurement, and return to training after an injury is one of the activities that physiotherapists and sports doctors have on a day-to-day basis, which merits an important responsibility due to the risk in decision-making in which the return after a rehabilitation process for a shoulder or elbow injury is identified. Scientifically, several parameters have been established to carry out this assessment in athletes, among which are the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinical Questionnaire (KJOC) for shoulder and elbow, so this study aims to consolidate some processes of cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the questionnaire so that professionals can count on the results of the validation processes and their levels of reliability so that at the time of applying it in research processes, in the evaluation of surgical interventions and in the making of diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, they can do so reliably and safely. It is concluded that the KJOC questionnaire has validation and reliability studies, respectively, for its versions in Finnish, Turkish, Italian, German, Korean, Persian, Dutch, Norwegian, and Spanish, presenting in the same way the possibility of evidencing that it has good internal consistency, construct validity when correlating with other similar instruments, and good interpretability; therefore, it is a reliable, valid, and applicable instrument in medical-sports contexts.
The objective of the study was to evaluate surface roughness and to determine the effectiveness of denture cleansers in the disinfection of silicone-based soft relining materials. ilicone soft relining materials were immersed in three different types of cleansers. In the immersion test specimens were immersed in neutral peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, polident, and distilled water for 1440 hours of. Surface roughness of the specimens has been recorded using a White Light Interferometry system. The immersion test revealed significant differences in surface roughness of the silicone soft relining material when exposed to different solutions. Specifically, Polident showed significant differences in surface roughness compared to Neutral peroxide, Sodium hypochlorite, and Distilled water. This suggests that Polident had a distinct effect on the surface roughness of the silicone soft relining material, differing from the other tested solutions.
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of four different rotary NiTi files ProTaper files, HERO SHAPER GOLD files, ProTaper Universal retreatment files, and R-Endo files to remove GP and sealer from root canals with or without the use of passive ultrasonic irrigation using Irrisafe file under DOMS. This study hypothesizes that using PUI could result in better cleanliness of root canals after instrumentation for removal of GP and sealer. The study samples comprised 100 extracted single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth and were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, G. Pulla Reddy Dental College & Hospital, Kurnool. The t Test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between individual Sub groups of Groups I,II & IV (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference between Subgroups of Group III (p>0.05) but with percentage of remaining GP and sealer in the root canals after retreatment was comparatively greater in Subgroup A than in Sub group B. Under the experimental conditions, all the retreatment files left some amount of GP and sealer in the root canals and there was no significant difference between them. However, R-Endo is better following ProTaper Universal retreatment system proved, Protaper files, and HERO SHAPER GOLD files. Further use of passive ultrasonic irrigation with an Irrisafe file resulted in better cleanliness of the root canal wall after retreatment.
COVID-19 infection, declared a global pandemic, affects all age groups. Although children represent a low percentage of infection, it is important to mention that they have a relevant role in the transmission of the virus. On the other hand, it has been reported that pediatric patients tend to develop a multisystem inflammatory syndrome that is associated with COVID 19, which is life-threatening. The spectrum and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients is varied and generally present with nonspecific symptoms for the disease. Therefore, it is important to determine this set of signs and symptoms in this population group to distinguish when we are facing a suspected case or a positive case, which will help provide early care to patients who may be at risk of complications. The purpose of this bibliographic review is to present the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. It is concluded by indicating that although COVID-19 infection in children represents a very low percentage, it is important to continuously improve knowledge about the epidemiology, symptoms, and the entire clinical characteristics in relation to COVID-19 in pediatric patients, in order to prevent more serious syndromes of the disease and act in time for the patient's improvement.
Tooth regeneration represents an important advance in regenerative dentistry, as has the potential to transform the treatment of tooth loss in adults. One of the most innovative approaches is the inhibition of the USAG-1 protein, which negatively regulates bone morphogenetic (BMP) signaling, which is critical for dental development. The objective of this short review is to describe the scientific advances related to the stimulation of tooth growth in adults through the use of targeted molecular therapies, particularly those that block the action of USAG-1. To this end, a preliminary review of the scientific literature was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, selecting studies in animal models and preliminary clinical trials. It was ensured that at least 50% of the reviewed manuscripts had been published within the previous five years (2020-2024). The findings show that administration of antibodies against USAG-1 in mice and ferrets induces the formation of functional teeth, even in cases of tooth agenesis. Likewise, the existence of a latent third dentition was identified, which can be activated without significant side effects. Human clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach. It is concluded that therapies based on USAG-1 inhibition constitute an innovative and safe alternative for promoting tooth regeneration in adults, redefining the role of the dentist toward a more biological, restorative, and regenerative practice.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the general population, and patients with autoimmune diseases are no exception. This increase cannot be explained exclusively by the higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this group of patients. One of the causes of the increased cardiovascular risk among patients with autoimmune diseases may be the negative impact of these conditions on the lipid profile. Evidence indicates that dyslipidemias can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in most autoimmune diseases. Alterations in the lipid profile, with changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein concentrations, have been poorly studied as risk markers in patients with different autoimmune diseases. The objective of research was to determine the role of dyslipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with autoimmune diseases.
To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of two herbal extracts i.e, Bitter Guard (Momordica charantia) and Garlic ( Allium sativum) as endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. Single rooted human mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. Teeth were decoronated to standardize the length to 12 +/- 1mm. Cleaning and shaping of root canals were done by crown down technique using protaper universal rotary files till F3. Specimens were placed in steel containers containing BHI broth and sterilized in autoclave. From a stock culture of MTCC 2527 E. faecalis strain, subculture was made onto a plate of Diagnostic Sensitivity Test Agar. Enumeration of live bacteria (CFU) was carried by serial dilution method. The root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension and incubated at 37 degrees c for 21 days. The specimens were divided into five groups, each containing ten teeth. Test irrigating solutions were used as follows. Group 1-Normal Saline, Group 2-5.25% NaOCl, Group 3-2% CHX, Group 4-Bitter guard, Group 5-Garlic. Dentinal shavings were collected using no 40 H file in an aseptic condition. After incubation the numbers of colonies were counted. The mean CFU from low to high with all irrigants tested was as follows Group 2-5. 25% NaOCl (0.00); Group 3-2% chlorhexidine ( 1.14 x 10-3); Group 4-Bitter Guard ( 1.40 x 10-3); Group 5-Garlic ( 10.30 x 10-3) and Group 1-Normal saline ( 28.60 x 10-3) . Extracts of Bitter Guard (Momordica charantia) and Garlic (Allium sativum) are effective against E. faecalis. Bitter Guard (Momordica charantia) and 2% Chlorhexidine are equally effective against E. faecalis. 5.25% NaOCl showed complete inhibition of E. faecalis and proved as a gold standard endodontic irrigant..
Binge eating disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a critical intersection in public health, where the coexistence of both conditions not only complicates the management of diabetes but also increases the risk of complications. Identification of common risk factors and the impact of the eating disorder on diabetes management are essential to developing effective interventions. Given the increasing number of diabetes cases, it is urgent to integrate the treatment of eating disorders diabetes management plans, adopting a holistic approach that considers both physical and psychological aspects. The binge eating disorders are characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption without compensatory behaviors. The disorder is associated with a high degree of comorbidity, especially with obesity and diseases such as hypertension diabetes. The prevalence of binge eating disorders is markedly higher in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. multidisciplinary approach, including endocrinologists, psychiatrists, and nutritionists, is essential to optimize treatments improve the quality of life of these patients. Further research is needed to address this complex comorbidity and improve available therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review was to establish the multidisciplinary approach to management of binge eating disorder and type 2 diabetes.
