Objective. This study aims to explore the impact of labelling on the integrity and social status of Roma communities, focusing on how these labels influence their identity, social relations, and experiences of discrimination. Methods. We employed a qualitative study that included 68 Roma people living in communities to analyze the impact of labelling. The impact of labelling on Roma integrity is a multifaceted issue that significantly affects their social status, identity, and overall well-being. Labelling often results in stigmatization and reinforces stereotypes that contribute to systemic discrimination against Roma communities. Results. The findings indicate that labelling significantly contributes to the stigmatization of Roma individuals, reinforcing negative stereotypes and social exclusion. Participants reported experiences of discrimination in various domains, including education and employment, leading to a diminished sense of identity and belonging. Quantitative data highlighted that higher levels of perceived discrimination correlated with increased feelings of alienation, poor housing and job opportunities, and lower self-esteem among Roma individuals. Discussion: The discussion contextualizes these results within broader societal and historical frameworks, emphasizing the role of systemic discrimination in perpetuating negative labelling. The homogenization of diverse Roma identities under the single label of "Roma" obscures their unique cultural practices and experiences, further entrenching barriers to social integration and equity. Comparisons are drawn with studies from other marginalized groups to illustrate common themes of labelling and its consequences. Conclusion: This research underscores the urgent need for policies that recognize and celebrate the diversity within Roma communities rather than perpetuating harmful stereotypes. It advocates for educational and social interventions aimed at combating discrimination and promoting the integrity and dignity of Roma individuals.
The article focuses on seniors' sustainable presence and social participation with the use of digital tools. The research consists of a qualitative exploration of how seniors, often referred to as "silver surfers," leverage social networks to support their social status, i.e., their social presence and participation. Semi-structured interviews, which enabled control over the direction and content of the interviews, were conducted with twenty-eight seniors in Slovakia. The starting point of the research findings was knowledge levels as reported by the seniors, which created a thought-provoking research context. The research highlights the potential for technology to a) catalyze positive change and socially empower seniors, as well as b) the involvement of seniors in the processes of the digital era for a more sustainable future. The advancement of the digital competencies of seniors requires building skills and a deeper knowledge level of using social networks.
Typical symptoms also include depression, a distorted perception of reality, anxiety, paranoia, and disorientation in time and space. This is because the brain cannot cope with abnormal clusters of proteins that form during the disease. It cannot degrade them, so it tries to "store" them and gradually stops functioning properly. The public often perceives Alzheimer's disease as a normal part of aging, but that is a mistake. Although its occurrence is associated with age, it is not an automatic consequence of getting older. Ordinary forgetfulness or slight disorientation in old age does not necessarily indicate pathological changes in the brain. More than forty-six million people worldwide suffer from the "disease of forgetting." In Slovakia, there are approximately sixty thousand diagnosed patients, and that number is increasing. The condition is increasingly affecting younger people, including those in their fifties.
Centers for children and family consistently monitor and ensure compliance with the rights of children, ensure the necessary protection of children for their well-being, healthy development, and growth, and respect their best interests. The Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of the Slovak Republic characterizes the goal of the measures as follows: "The basic goal of measures of the social and legal protection of children and social guardianship is to provide necessary assistance to families so children can grow up in the care of their parents." If this goal cannot be achieved, other legal options and aspects of care come into play and are employed until the situation in the family improves. This option is the placement of the child in a center for children and families, which ensures the child is in a healthy environment for their development and benefit. In the presented study, we focus on these centers and their basic functioning, as well as on the basic aspects of child upbringing.
The article presents the results of a cluster analysis of data. The results of the study are based on the following 5 psycho-diagnostic methods: "Identification of personal resources" by N. Vodopyanova and M. Shtein; "Indicator of coping strategies" by D. Amirkhan; "Motivation for success and fear of failure" by Rean; the author's questionnaire "Identification of motivation to study"; and "Self-actualization test" by E. Shostrom. The analysis of the results was carried out based on the number of observations in each cluster, the chronology of interactions, and the differential variations between the initial and final centers of the clusters. The first typological group included 660 subjects, and the second had 109 subjects. The typology based on the object of the researched problem is substantiated, namely: motivated-realization and unmotivated-realization types of the personal potential of gifted youth according to appropriate scales.
This research paper explores the dual impact of social and healthcare-based stigma on women living with HIV/AIDS in Pakhtun society, focusing on their access to healthcare services in the Malakand region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Pakhtun society, which is characterized by strict gender norms and an emphasis on honor and modesty, intensifies the challenges faced by HIV/ AIDS-positive women. Social stigmas include discrimination, isolation, and psychological distress, which strongly affect their lives and willingness to seek medical care. Healthcare-based stigma manifests discriminatory attitudes and practices exercised by healthcare providers and ex-acerbates their lack of access to necessary treatment and support. The study is guided by the research question of how social and healthcare-based stigma impact the access of women living with HIV/AIDS to healthcare services in the Malakand Division within the cultural context of Pakh-tun society. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach using an interview schedule, focus group discus-sions, field notes, case studies, and observation. Though the study was challenging in terms of the cultural restric-tions regarding accessing women living with HIV/AIDS, an effort was made to gain deep insight into the impacts of social and healthcare-based stigma on access to healthcare facilities in the Malakand Division. Field data was themat-ically analyzed and is presented in the form of themes. The discussion is also supported by data from the field and is reinforced by available literature, observation, and field notes. However, for the presentation of personal data, the ethical consideration of the research and field data coding was strictly observed.
This mixed-method cross-sectional research investigated the impact of social media addiction on cognitive failures among young adults in Pakistan. The study employed a correlational technique, using the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) to assess social media addiction and cognitive lapses, respectively, among Islamabad-based university students (n=636) for predictor and criterion variables. At the same time, an exploratory case study was conducted to gather qualitative insights from the sample regarding their understanding of the potential risks associated with social media addiction, strategies to counter it, and the cognitive failures it may result in. The findings of the study highlighted a significant positive correlation between social media addiction and cognitive failures, suggesting a strong positive impact of predictor variables on criterion variables. The research further explored the idea that young adults with a higher tendency to be addicted to social media experience greater cognitive lapses, including attention deficits, short-term memory loss, and disruptions in routine tasks. The findings also underscored the need to raise awareness about the potential risks associated with social media addiction and suggested the need for targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on cognitive performance in the educational context.
Introduction: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is an effective and safe method designed for screening, diagnosing, and treating digestive tract diseases. However, nosocomial infections are a serious problem. Therefore, many countries are revising guidelines for the reprocessing of endoscopes, with the goal of preventing nosocomial infections. It is crucial for endoscope reprocessing to be conducted in accordance with the latest recommendations. Objective: To monitor the quality of endoscope decontamination by nurses and compare the quality of the endoscope decontamination after automatic and manual reprocessing through indicator tests. Based on the results, recommendations will be proposed for routine reprocessing control by nurses in practice. Methodology: The research took place from January to September 2022 in the Department of Gastroenterology at the Faculty Hospital in Trnava. The quality of manual and automatic reprocessing was compared using 1,108 rapid indicator tests. This was routine testing of endoscopes using rapid tests to detect protein and blood residues. Gastroscopes, colonoscopes, and duodenoscopes were tested. In total, 277 control procedures were performed by nurses after the manual and automatic reprocessing of endoscopes. The results were assessed using the T-test and Chi-square test. Results: The rapid tests showed 31.8% (with manual) compared to 15.5% (with automatic) contamination after endoscope reprocessing. In the case of manual reprocessing, there were 58 (42%) positive protein tests and 5 (7%) positive blood tests out of all the reprocessed endoscopes. With automatic reprocessing, there were 41 (28%) positive protein tests and 1 (0.7%) positive blood test out of all the reprocessed endoscopes. The average time for carrying out reprocessing with quality control of disinfection was 31.8 +/- 10.2 min compared to 29.9 +/- 10.0 min without control. Conclusion: We demonstrated the justification for the implementation of rapid tests after endoscope reprocessing. We proposed a pilot set of recommendations for practice for routine reprocessing control by nurses that are tailored to the needs of a tertiary care facility. We attempted to create a basis for other facilities in Slovakia where endoscope reprocessing is carried out.
Aim. The aim of this article is to explore and analyze the tension between the individual rights of citizens and the demands of the common good in the context of the modern democratic state, focusing on the paternalistic measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article seeks to clarify how crisis situations reveal the limits of liberal democracy in balancing personal freedom and the public interest. Concept. The article (1) explores the tension between the personal interests of individuals and the common good; (2) analyzes relevant philosophical categories, such as freedom, moral autonomy, and the common good; (3) draws on the discourse of political and moral philosophy to identify the theoretical limits and practical consequences of paternalism towards individual rights in the modern democratic state; and (4) focuses on the paternalistic measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic as examples of situations in which the principles of liberty and autonomy come into conflict with the declared public interest. Results and Conclusion. The article highlights the conflict between personal interest and the demands of the common good in democratic states, which was fully manifested during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical-methodological analysis shows how paternalistic measures restrict individual freedom and how they are applied to protect public health in crisis situations. The conclusions emphasize that democratic societies must be willing to seek practical compromises in political decision-making.
Starting points: When it comes to nursing, the incorporation of information and communication technologies represents a tool for improving the availability of nursing care, reducing costs for its provision, reducing disparities in the provision and access to nursing care, and, last but not least, the development of nursing as a scientific field. One rapidly developing nursing service abroad is, for example, telenursing, and in the Slovak Republic it is tele-education. Objectives: The objective was to create and implement a tele-education program for physical activity that was intend-ed for respondents who had undergone a cesarean section. The program should be accessible using a QR Code created in Mi-crosoft Sway, and the outcome should be the ability to analyze the impact of the tele-education program on the early mobility of postpartum women and the prevention of postpartum and postoperative complications. Research sample and methods: The research sample con-sisted of 411 respondents from an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. The average age of the respondents was 31 years. It was a quasi-experiment. A self-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical tests, including the Chi-square test and Cramer's V, were used for data analysis. Results: We found statistically significant strong relationships between completing the tele-education program and the early mobility of respondents after a cesarean section in favor of its completion: an earlier start of exercise (V=0.571); getting out of bed with less assistance after surgery for the first time after 24 hours (V=0.428); more stable and confident walking 3 days after the surgery (V=0.386). Conclusion: The development of various mobile platforms in the 21st century indicates the interest in tele-education and its positive impact on health and illness.
The study focuses on centers for children and families (CDR) as key entities of the social and legal protection system for children and social guardianship in Slovakia. It discusses their legislative anchoring, objectives, forms of measures, and practical implementation in accordance with the current legal regulation. It describes various interventions-residential, field, outpatient-and specialized programs, principles of work with children, documentation systems, and financial security. The study also includes a public opinion poll, which revealed the population's partial awareness of how centers for children and families function, especially regarding pocket money, meals, and allowances. The results point to the need to improve public awareness and a take more sensitive approach in the diagnostic phase. The work offers a comprehensive view of CDRs as a tool for protecting the best interests of children in situations where remaining in their natural environment is not possible.
Healthcare in prisons offers key opportunities and challenges for public health management. This study analyzes the prevalence of chronic diseases, health differences between prisoners with and without a migration background, care deficits, and preventive measures in German prisons. Based on a nationwide survey of 62 prisons (36% response rate), the results show that 41-50% of prisoners have at least one chronic illness, with significantly higher rates of depression (21-30%) and hepatitis C (11-20%) compared to the general population. Prisoners with a migration background also have a higher prevalence of infectious diseases and drug addiction. While the availability of medication is predominantly rated as good, there are deficits in the updating of positive lists and in transition management. Prevention was rated as effective, but challenges remain in the transition to extramural care. The results emphasize the need for targeted reforms in the prison system, including culturally sensitive approaches, improved prevention, and aftercare and the integration of prisons into the public healthcare system.
The article examines the peculiarities of the psychological stability formation of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The significance of the psychological stability of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions was analyzed. The factors included the ability to overcome life and professional challenges and maintain and strengthen physical and mental health. The object of the research is the psychological stability of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The subject is the peculiarities of the psychological stability formation of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions. The goal is to determine the peculiarities of the psychological stability formation of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions. The goal is to determine ways to increase the level of psychological stability and preserve the physical and mental health of scientific and pedagogical workers of higher education institutions. The importance of the formation of psychological stability for scientific and pedagogical workers in a period of social challenges and upheavals for the development of professional self-regulation and preservation of national identity is highlighted. The concept of the "psychological stability of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions" is revealed as the ability of specialists to maintain a stable level of professional activity in conditions of physical, psychological, socio-pedagogical, and personal discomfort. The components of the psychological stability of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war are substantiated. The results of the diagnostics of factors affecting the psychological stability of 25 scientific and pedagogical workers of 5 higher educational institutions of Ukraine in modern realities are presented. A program for forming the psychological stability of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war is proposed.
The Journal of Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention is a distinguished publication within academic circles, providing a valuable platform for the dissemination of innovative research findings from around the globe. The contemporary trends in education and the advancement of critical thinking underscore the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach to addressing the pressing challenges of our era. From a philosophical perspective, the robust concept of ecosystem sustainability represents a paradigm in which partialities from both the natural sciences and the humanities find a firm place, and at the same time, this paradigm offers a creative space for inspiring dialogue beyond the professional mandate of the individual authors of the papers presented. Each issue of the journal presents a range of highly technical perspectives on different issues within ecosystem sustainability, oscillating around a central theme
Purpose: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a dynamic cause of hip arthritis, and it is commonly diagnosed in young adults without any other causes of hip joint pain. Pincer type of FAI in this study, is typically present in active middle-aged females. Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed only with pincer type FAI received triple pelvic osteotomy reverse in type between 2011 and 2020. The average age of the patients was 37.3 years (28.0-45.0). The joint preserving surgery consisted of open dislocation and trochanteric flip osteotomy. We chose to do in series of selected patients only a triple pelvic osteotomy reverse in type as a extraarticular procedure in order to safely address intraarticular arthritis. Results: After surgery, the Harris Hip Score increased from 55.1 to 91.4. The patients experienced a greater range of motion in the hip and less pain. Medium-term follow-up indicated that the surgeries were successful. In our series treated with triple pelvic osteotomy 22% (4 in 18 patients) after the operation appeared clinically rear pelvic FAI test. This result was not taken as significant due to small sample size (CI 95%). After the operation we used special guidelines and we postponed total hip replacement. We did no additional operation to selected patients. Conclusion: This technique is a safe procedure to restore hip mobility. This is an extraarticular operation, and therefore it helps this process inside the joint.
The current issue of the journal features a truly international collection of timely articles. In addition to Slovakia, the authors are based in Pakistan, China and the United States.
Objective: Gastroenteritis is a common illness affecting children and requires proper care to prevent complications. This study aimed to determine the level of parental awareness about caring for a child with gastroenteritis. Methodology: We conducted the research using a quantitative method in the form of a self-constructed questionnaire. A total of 52 respondents participated in the study, with a purposive sample consisting of parents of hospitalized children at the pediatrics clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Trnava. The questionnaire was distributed between October and December 2023. The return rate of the questionnaire was 100%. We evaluated the questionnaire using Student‘s t-test and One-Way ANOVA test. Results: Our findings indicate that most parents have knowledge about gastroenteritis, recognize its symptoms, and understand the nursing care procedures for a child with this condition. However, despite these findings, we identified deficiencies in the awareness of nursing care procedures for a child with gastroenteritis. Conclusion: Our research found no significant differences in parental awareness regarding place of residence, number of children in the household, level of education, and field of work.
The present study seeks to reveal several ways in which clinical psychologists might enrich their understanding of the narcissistic phenomenon by means of Soren Kierkegaard's "The Diary of the Seducer." The study also shows how Kierkegaard scholars will benefit from a novel outlook on the Kierkegaardian concept of "reflective seduction" which, we claim, is essentially narcissistic. Divided into three parts, the article seeks to identify the nature of Johannes the Seducer's narcissism by analyzing its eclectic manifestations, both in terms of internal psychological processes and intersubjective relations. We conclude with several lessons that Kierkegaard bequeaths to contemporary psychopathology, which deserve further and more rigorous investigations.
The aim of this scientific article is to analyze the current state of digitization of public administration in the social sector in Slovakia in the context of the social impacts of the digital transformation of our society. The article discusses the results of our research activities, generalizes the acquired knowledge, and proposes specific measures and requirements for improving electronic services of public administration in the social sector.
The phenomenon of climate change is impacting the planet with notable effect. Polar ice is melting, ocean levels are rising, daily temperatures are increasing, forest fires are burning longer and destroying more residential areas, and urban air quality levels are deteriorating. At the same time, human health is experiencing the effects of exposure to changing climate. Research has indicated that extreme climactic conditions can shorten life expectancy and impact cardias, respiratory and mental health as well as facilitating the spread of some infectious diseases. The health related impacts of climate change merit serious attention in the patient and provider communities. Opportunities to effectuate meaningful changes are examined
