The article explores the trend towards anthropologization of artificial intelligence. It analyzes this trend from the perspective of Baudrillard’s concept of hyperreality, emphasizing the replacement of the real with the signs of the real and, consequently, the trivialization of the distinction between lie and truth, between real and imaginary. In such a context, various modes of AI anthropologisation are examined – specific concepts describing conditions of AI, images of models with their own biographies on social networks, virtual partners who evoke feelings in their creators and prompt them to certain actions. The study puts forward the hypothesis that the process of AI anthropologisation runs parallel to that of human machinization. Examples of similar machinization are given, focusing mainly on the weakening of some human cognitive abilities and the development of others based on the machine model, in which, however, algorithms perform far better. The question of the erosion of human relationships in this situation is raised, and consequently – of the beginnings of totalitarian thinking, of destructive and authoritarian behavior, which isolation and the feeling of insecurity provoke.
The article defends the thesis that intelligent behavior might require not internal complexity but complex interaction. This is demonstrated by the various forms of stigmergy that can be observed both in social insects and in humans. The exposition is structured as follows: (§0) explains how the term “intelligence” is interpreted in the following text; (§1) clarifies the relation between intelligence and complexity; (§2) shows that intelligent behavior does not require internal complexity; (§3) introduces the concept of stigmergy; (§4) presents the mechanisms that give rise to this phenomenon; (§5) distinguishes several types of stigmergic interaction; (§6) briefly discusses the evolutionary mechanisms that could have produced them; (§7) sketches the possible ways in which the concept of stigmergy is used outside biology; (§8) examines collaborative stigmergy in humans; (§9) points to its epistemic projections; (§10) outlines some conclusions concerning the role of artificial intelligence systems and their place in human society.
The present paper explores the problem of the ontological status of the spirit from the perspective of the virtualistic metaphysics developed by Valentin Kanawrow. The main thesis is that the spirit cannot be adequately thought of as a substantial reality, but should be understood as a dynamic field of virtual possibilities that are actualized through symbolic and linguistic structures. In this context, metaphor is considered not simply as a rhetorical figure, but as an ontological mediator between the virtual and the actual. Through critical analysis, it is shown that virtualistic metaphysics offers a radical rethinking of ontology, transforming it into a theory of possibility and process.
This article examines post-truth as a cultural regime of public sphere emerging at the intersection between the attention economy and platform logic. In this environment, emotionally charged narratives and social indicators of trust often replace expert verification. The argument is that artificial intelligence (AI) acts not simply as an accelerator of disinformation, but as a cultural technique that reorganizes the criteria for truth. On this basis, the concepts of “algorithmic public sphere” (fragmented, affectively structured publics), “synthetic authenticity” (the aesthetics of verisimilitude in deepfakes and generative models), and the transformation of “regimes of truth” (Foucault) into model-predictive standards. The conclusion emphasizes the need for media and algorithmic literacy, as well as research tools for the ethical and epistemic management of synthetic realities.
This study uses the archival heritage of Mini Maritsa Iztok (Maritsa East Mines) as a starting point for philosophical reflections on memory, identity, and social transformation in the context of today’s “green” policies. Through the archives – understood as carriers of lived experience, existential engagement, and cultural significance – we seek to explore those layers of Bulgaria’s industrial past that may underpin the transition from the “deep uncertainty” associated with “green” challenges towards possibilities for coping and inclusion in the sphere of the private, the everyday, and personal perspectives. In this sense, the archives are not merely a documentary foundation, but mediators of philosophical and social potentials through which the problematic place of industrial heritage in our present time can be meaningfully addressed.
This article examines social network advertising from a philosophical perspective, focusing on the ethical implications of passive data collection, interactivity, and hyper-personalization. The object of analysis is contemporary advertising practices embedded within social networking platforms, understood as socio-technical systems that mediate everyday communication, identity formation, and economic exchange. The study employs a qualitative, conceptual methodology grounded in philosophical analysis, drawing on normative ethics, philosophy of technology, and critical media theory to interpret existing empirical and theoretical research on digital advertising. The primary goal of the article is to assess whether hyper-personalized advertising practices undermine human autonomy and contribute to the commodification of the self. By analyzing the infrastructural conditions of data-driven advertising, the role of interactivity in shaping agency, and the normative status of personalization, the article moves from descriptive accounts of advertising mechanisms toward critical philosophical evaluation. It argues that social network advertising does not merely influence consumer behavior but increasingly participates in the construction of subjectivity itself, reshaping how individuals form preferences, exercise agency, and understand their own identities. In doing so, the article challenges traditional distinctions between persuasion and manipulation and situates social network advertising within broader debates on autonomy, power, and moral responsibility in digital environments.
The dominant metaphysical orientation toward necessity – whether Aristotelian, Leibnizian, or formalized in modern modal logic – presuppose atemporality, closure, and non-contradiction. Necessity is conceived as a primordial modal status – what must be the case independently of temporal becoming, historical contingency, or subjective mediation. This paper challenges that assumption by advancing a temporal and non-totalizing conception of necessity, according to which necessity is not given in advance but is retroactively constituted through processes marked by contradiction. Drawing on Kant, Hegel, Lacan, and Badiou, the paper argues that necessity emerges after time – as the outcome of temporal articulation rather than its precondition. Kant’s schematism already discloses the dependence of necessity on temporal synthesis, even as it strives to preserve modal closure. Hegel radicalizes this insight by reconceiving necessity as the result of contradictory becoming, not its negation. Lacan introduces a non-totalizing logic in which necessity appears as a retroactive inscription within the symbolic order. Finally, Badiou reformulates necessity in terms of evental fidelity, where what “must have been” is established only through a contingent break within a situation. Across these trajectories, necessity is understood as a belated effect of temporal and subjective processes rather than a foundational modal given.
In Religion within the Limits of Reason Itself, Kant describes and criticizes two illusions of piety: the illusion of superstition and the illusion of self-deception. According to him, both illusions hinder the pious life prescribed by historical religions, which in them is essentially impossible in its true form. Authentic religiosity for him coincides with authentic morality exercised by free will in the light of practical reason. One can also speak of illusoriness in religious experience from the perspective of Husserl’s phenomenology. There, illusoriness would arise if religious dogmatics and ritualism were to appear as religious experience. The founder of phenomenology claims that authentic religious experience is possible, and, moreover, possessing all the attributes required by the concept of “experience”. Apart from the distinction between apparent and intrinsic religiosity, both authors converge in accepting within the latter the thesis of ‘god-likeness’.
This article focuses on three “traps” that must be addressed in the conversation concerning the creation, justification, and implementation of policies aimed at managing the adverse consequences of climate change. The first trap is terminological, involving the frequent conflation within climate research of the concepts “environment” – which is material, sensory, and local – and “climate” – which is abstract, statistical, and global. The second trap is transactional, characterized by the subordination of moral actions to the requirements of utilitarian logic: ethically right is only that which produces a measurable effect on emissions. The third is the teleonomic trap, highlighting one of the most evident contradictions of the contemporary world: climate sustainability comes into conflict with the pursuit of development and prosperity, both at the individual and societal lev
A fundamental distinction in Kantian philosophy is that between “appearance” and the “thing-in-itself.” Kant builds both his epistemology and his influential critique of metaphysics on this distinction. What is even more, traces of this distinction can be found also in the framework through which Kant develops his practical philosophy. This paper argues that with his conception of the “thing-in-itself” Kant firmly stands within – and even reinforces some aspect of – a certain philosophical tradition; a tradition that most likely begins with Parmenides and is exemplarily continued by Plato. This tradition is characterized by its disregard for, first, the notion of (shared) lifeworld practice and, second, the natural intuitions that arise from it (the so-called „common sense“). Further evidence to support this stance could be found in the semantic turn in philosophical discourse initiated by Frege. The analysis of our linguistic relation to the world and the intentions that make it comprehensible reveals the untenability of Kant’s thesis that the genuine objects of our knowledge are “appearances,” while “things-in-themselves” remain fundamentally inaccessible to us.
The article presents the psychoanalytic oeuvre of Ivan Germanovich Kinkel (1883–1945) – the most significant figure in Bulgarian psychoanalysis during the 1920s–1940s, who received personal recognition from Sigmund Freud. The key themes in his works are highlighted: the genesis and phenomenology of religion (animism, projection mechanisms, paternal and maternal complexes); the connection between psychoanalysis and sociology (complementing Marxism); the philosophy and methodology of psychoanalysis (materialistic monism, libido as foundation); the psychoanalysis of mysticism and occultism (regression and projection); revolutionary movements (social psychopathy, mania); as well as crime, prostitution, and suicide (biological and socio-economic roots). The aim is to systematize Kinkel’s major works and ideas, emphasizing his original synthesis of Freudianism, materialism, and interdisciplinarity, which anticipates contemporary approaches and regains relevance after 1989.
The presented study examines the challenges facedby students learning biology in German. Although students often demonstrate good oral language skills, they struggle with structuring written texts, which may result in incomplete and illogical answers. The study employs content analysis to assess students' mastery of specialized biological terminology in German, focusing on their written responses to open-ended questions. The analysis highlights the importance of integrating language support into subject teaching to improve students' understanding and use of scientific language. Despite students' progress over time, gaps remain in their ability to formulate complex biological concepts and to address problematic situations from different perspectives. The study emphasizes the need for targeted pedagogical strategies that foster both language and subject-specific skills in the context of content and language integrated learning.
An integrated model for determining the reservoir properties of the rock reservoir during underground storage of a gas-hydrogen mixture is presented. The methodology consists of four main modules: Characterization of the core sample (mineral composition, porosity, and permeability), determination of the parameters of the gas-hydrogen mixture at different % hydrogen and methane contents (5%, 15%, 25%), study of flow properties (porosity and permeability of the core sample at different gas-hydrogen mixture contents), and a module summarizing the results. The results obtained from the study using the developed methodology form the basis for designing the storage indicators for gas-hydrogen mixtures in underground gas storage facilities.
The article presents an innovative educational project implemented in lower secondary physics and astronomy classes, in which students create social media profiles of world-renowned physicists. The project integrates STEM, project-based learning (PBL) and elements of artificial intelligence (AI). Its main aims are to enhance students' motivation and understanding of physics by overcoming typical challenges of the curriculum-abstraction, low applicability and lack of connection to real life. Methodological guidelines for teachers, examples of AI use in the learning process, results from student feedback and recommendations for further application of the approach are provided.
The article presents a model for implementing STEAM-based learning in the study of metals, with a specific focus on aluminum and its compounds. The ideas for this development were inspired by the 200th anniversary of the discovery of the metal. The developed model is based on the constructivist theory of learning through activity and includes the stages of engagement, investigation, explanation, development and evaluation. It emphasizes topics from mathematics, natural sciences (chemistry, physics, and biology), engineering, technology, and art, and creates conditions for the development of key skills for education in the 21st century.
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks among students has shown a worrying increase, leading to significant consequences for both health and the school environment. This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the chemical composition and biological effects of energy drinks, their impact on adolescent health and behavior, and the potential of this topic to serve as a platform for implementing pedagogical innovations. The study is based on three years of pedagogical observation and school practice carried out under my supervision within the clubs "Young Researcher," "The Taste of Health," and "Health Code" at the Vocational High School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering-Burgas. The paper outlines opportunities for integrating the topic into the curriculum of natural sciences, information technology, and civic education through project-based and interdisciplinary learning. The results demonstrate that the topic of energy drinks holds considerable potential for fostering health literacy, critical thinking, and conscious consumer behavior among students.
The electrolysis of water is an experiment studied in chemistry and physics education across different grades and stages, with each level emphasizing various aspects of the process. This article presents two methods for demonstrating the process of water electrolysis that can be integrated into the teaching of chemistry and physics, taking into account the different levels of the educational process. Through an analysis of curricula and textbooks, the paper discusses in which grades and on which topics this demonstration experiment is most appropriately applied. Water electrolysis provides a clear and visual way to demonstrate the interdisciplinary connections between physics and chemistry, as well as key concepts from the curriculum. Several easy-to-perform versions of the experiment are proposed, using simple and inexpensive apparatus that can be found in a standard school laboratory or store. The goal is to make the experiment accessible to teachers so that it can be applied under various teaching conditions. The article discusses different demonstration options using various electrodes and electrolytes, which allow for a deeper understanding of the electrochemical processes related to different aspects of the educational material. By appropriately integrating the experiment into the curriculum, students will be able to better understand complex theoretical concepts and connect them with practical observations.
