This article aims to investigate the heritage values attributed to Senator Salgado Filho Square and to address the gaps in its recognition, highlighting its relevance within the context of the Carioca Cultural Landscape and the legacy of Roberto Burle Marx. The research was conducted through documentary analysis, with the purpose of identifying its cultural and landscape attributes. The public space stands out as a notable example of the harmonious integration between culture and nature, and its preservation is essential to keeping historical memory alive, reinforcing its contribution to Brazil's cultural identity, and promoting the quality of urban life. These aspects support the importance of continuous efforts toward its valorization, ensuring its significance both in the present and for future generations.
Although little studied, airflows allow us to analyze the complex gears that drive the global economy. In this sense, the debate on the existing limits in relation to the participation of African airlines on international routes, particularly to Europe, Asia and North America, where there is a strong presence of companies foreign companies operating on the continent, imposes a scenario of weak internal integration and limited connectivity. Thus, the objective of this study is to demonstrate how this asymmetric relationship unfolds between Africa and certain global destinations, based on air flows and the hegemonic presence of companies that fly to the continent. The research was based on a bibliography that deals with the process of globalization, with an emphasis on networks. In addition, agreements were consulted which regulate the sector in the world and in particular on the African continent. The work was completed by consulting databases and websites that identify the flow of international flights departing and arriving in the main African countries. It has been shown that certain structural aspects are linked to the low investment capacity of African states in aeronautical and airport infrastructure, in addition to the still limited domestic markets.
The main objective of this article is to analyze the contribution of the extractive economy of artisanal fishing to the maintenance of families in beneficiary communities of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Canavieiras, Bahia. As a methodology, an exploratory data study was used, based on descriptive statistics, such as tabular representation, cross tables and frequencies. Photographic records of aspects of the local fishing reality were used, field information, a map of coverage and land use of the RESEX and surroundings was made in ArcGis 10.1 from the raster image of MapBiomas for the year 2018. The data were treated statistically they were primary data, obtained in the communities through a semi-structured form, referring to their socioeconomics, with a focus on fishing and shellfishing activities. A total of 262 representatives of families over 18 years of age were interviewed in 2019, covering a total of 912 people in 11 communities. As a result, it was found that the local coastal socio-biodiversity of Canavieiras is one of the richest in animal and plant species on the coast of the State of Bahia, and RESEX has proven to be an important instrument aimed at the conservation of the natural resources present in these areas. environments and the maintenance of the livelihoods of the families that need these resources to survive.
This study proposes a methodology to identify precarious settlements using a Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) approach combined with a logistic regression model. The study area comprises 25 km(2) located between S & atilde;o Bernardo do Campo and Santo Andr & eacute; in the Grande ABC Region, S & atilde;o Paulo State, Brazil, containing over 80 mapped precarious settlements with diverse morphological characteristics. Using exclusively open-source software, a Worldview-3 image, and a Digital Surface Model, we generated geographic objects at two hierarchical segmentation levels. The first level of objects was classified using a decision tree generated by the C4.5 machine learning algorithm into nine land cover classes. The second level consisted of a regular cellular grid, classified using a logistic regression model based on variables derived from sub-object information, neighborhood context, and cell-level metrics. Results showed Kappa values of 0.68 for the development area and 0.72 for the validation area, demonstrating that the methodology has potential for identifying precarious settlements from very-high-resolution satellite imagery.
The article assesses the dynamics of water markets in the city of Cuite, located in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, established due to the collapse of the public water supply system between 2017 and 2022. The state's inability to ensure the supply of water in the city contributed to the population seeking alternative solutions, such as buying water in informal markets and storing it in precarious structures. The analysis focused on seven water vendors, highlighting the diversity of their practices and their ability to adapt to the scenario of limited access to water in the region. The results demonstrate that informal markets, while offering immediate solutions to the collapse in public water supply, also reveal flaws in water resource management and the profound inequality of access to water in the semi-arid region. This demonstrates how the challenges faced in the city of Cuite are part of a global context of debate about the privatization of water services and the necessity to create water policies that promote water citizenship.
This paper aims to examine the transition from the object-king-the automobile, a concept developed by Henri Lefebvre-to the emergence of a new object-king: smartphone. By investigating the historical circumstances surrounding urban expansion in Paris-marked by accelerated urbanization, the expansion of the periphery, and its increasing distance from the city center-the necessity of automobiles and public transportation became paramount. This process continues with new developments: alongside the automobile, the smartphone has become central to urban life. Applications such as Google Maps, gig work platforms, communication tools, e-commerce, social networks, and sales mapping, all integrated with the automobile, reshape this phenomenon in contemporary urbanity. This study aims to demonstratethis transformation, analyzing the phenomenon through the lens of Henri Lefebvre's theoretical framework.
The starting point of this article is how contemporary U.S. geopolitical intervention updates, through new dynamics of de-re-territorialization, a historical strategy of control and colonial-imperial reorganization of hemispheric space, clearly expressed "from Monroe to 'Donroe Doctrine'". The main objective is to analyse, albeit in a preliminary manner-particularly since the process is still unfolding-the geopolitical actions of the United States in the so-called Western Hemisphere, especially Latin America and the Caribbean, as an expression of a long-term strategy of colonial/imperial domination/control-in other words, of territorialization-whose matrix dates back to the Monroe Doctrine. The article is divided into three parts. The first discusses basic concepts such as the process of colonial-imperial des-re-territorialization on a global scale, which helps to understand the current geopolitical and geoeconomic interests of the United States in the context of its interventions. The second part addresses how the Monroe Doctrine (established in 1823) developed and materialized in U.S. foreign policy, reinforced by the Roosevelt Corollary (from 1904), thus allowing us to understand a broader geopolitics dynamic. Finally, the article connects this process to the interventionism of the so-called "Donroe Doctrine," within the context of a new (inter)national security strategy and hemispheric domination under the framework of U.S. imperial coloniality of power.
With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the countryside faces the so-called Agriculture 4.0. A broad set of innovations such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, drones, sensors, and so on have been seen as drivers for changes in the way of farming. In dialogue with the literature on digital geographies, which addresses how digitalization is part of socio-spatial processes of exclusion, negative inclusion, enrichment, and impoverishment, this paper raises the question: has this been experienced homogeneously by agribusiness and peasant family farming production models? Based on 32 semi-structured interviews with farmers, digital technology providers, agricultural technicians, and participation in events promoting digital technologies for the countryside, we seek to answer this question by focusing on the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha. We address three elements of this process: the types of technologies accessed by farmers, the impact on labor relations, and control over technology. The results indicate that Agriculture 4.0 has been accessed and experienced with much greater intensity by agribusiness, widening the digital divide in agriculture. This has implications for the limits and contradictions of the innovations brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Global South.
This article aims to evidence the networks that structure the scientific capital dynamics in the Brazilian geographic knowledge production. The research operationalization occurred via computational tools described in Silva and Silva (2016) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) (HIGGINS; RIBEIRO, 2018). In the set of hierarchy and proximity relationships among 48,922 references listed in 3,452 journals classified as Qualis A (Quadriennium 20132016), the centrality of Milton Santos is expressive. Holder of a legacy whose prestige only increases when it is mobilized in the understanding of diverse phenomena and in different geographic realities, the 'Miltonian' thought primacy makes think about the plurality of approaches in our field.
This article discusses the construction of participatory methodologies applied to the investigation of youth socio-spatial practices, based on the cultural occupation of the H & eacute;lio Fadel viaduct in Juiz de Fora (MG). The objective is to present and reflect on a methodological approach that values youth leadership in Geography research. The research was developed over two years, combining participant observation, field diaries, photographic records, informal conversations, and social cartography. These methodological resources made it possible to identify signs of territorialization, sociability, and the re-signification of urban space, expressed in practices such as graffiti, MC battles, breaking, and conversation circles. The main contribution of the study lies in the reflective systematization of these methodologies, highlighting their potential to broaden the references of Youth Geography and support future analyses of youth production in the city.
Long-term precipitation monitoring plays a vital role in water resource management, disaster prevention, and mitigation. In the Amazon region, extreme precipitation events have significant impacts, particularly on population centers along its numerous rivers, which hinder crop cultivation and the movement to and access from communities for receiving food supplies and medical aid. This study aimed to identify the precipitation climatology in the Maraj & oacute; mesoregion in Par & aacute; and assess whether there is a significant precipitation trend, using data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), which contains precipitation data measured at the surface and estimated by satellite. The study period was from 1979 to 2020, and this dataset was used due to the very low density of rain gauges in the region. The methodology proposed by Mann-Kendall (MK) was applied, which is the most appropriate test for analyzing climate changes in climatological series. Regarding the trend indices for the decrease and increase in precipitation over the region, it was observed that in most of the region there was a trend of reduced rainfall, both on an annual and seasonal scale during the analyzed period.
Family farming, in many cases, accesses public policies and one that deserves to be highlighted is rural social security. As a theme related to the, dimensions of territorial development are indicated: Economic-Political-Cultural-Natural (E-P-C-N) proposed by Saquet (2005; 2011). The main objective of this article is to relate the rural social security policy with the dimensions of territorial development in the first district of the municipality of Cangu & ccedil;u/RS. The investigation consists of bibliographical research, elaboration of parameters of analysis of each one of the dimensions of territorial development and systematization of primary and secondary data. Rural social security contributes to the formation of income for rural families and includes an important income transfer policy for the municipality under study, causing the maintenance and expansion of the activities in the urban environment. Finally, it was found that the dimensions of territorial development, studied in the first district of the municipality of Cangu & ccedil;u, manifest themselves in a heterogeneous way, as they are a product of historical and relacional processes.
This article considers the contributions of feminist epistemologies and feminist geography to analyze the skills outlined in the Brazilian National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). Understanding that School Geography reproduces an economic logic focused on economic production within its curriculum, this article aims to highlight the possibility of constructing a feminine School Geography that places students' social reproduction at the center of the discourse. Thus, the BNCC skills for the final segments of Elementary School (6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grades) were analyzed and categorized into: productive logic, reproductive logic, and insufficiently explored potential. This categorization was preceded by a theoretical discussion on feminist thought and the definition of criteria compatible with each category. The results confirmed that economic-oriented statements are predominant, but it is possible to design new possibilities for a Geography more committed to localized knowledge, reproductive work, students' daily lives, and environmental protection.
This paper examines the unequal conditions of access to the city that social housing enables when located in different urban areas. Based on two recent social housing projects in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, the urban externalities available in each location are analysed using georeferenced secondary data. Likewise, based on primary data, the daily mobility practices of the inhabitants of the two cases are analysed to determine the extent to which they are able to access and appropriate the urban resources available in their environments. The results show that the two locations chosen for social housing constitute unequal urban positions that enable different urban opportunities for their inhabitants. In the case of the central city, these inequalities are mainly shaped by the supply of private goods and services. However, many of the urban resources available in the better location are not appropriated by the inhabitants of social housing. The study therefore points out that physical proximity to urban opportunities is not a sufficient factor to guarantee access to and appropriation of these opportunities.
This reflection problematizes the links between the contemporary worsening of environmental issues and the internalization of nature, as well as of its devastation, within capital flows. To this end, it contextualizes the emergence of a global ecological crisis, reflects on its foundations, and analyzes Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and the Green Economy as expressions of the intense commodification, capitalization, and financialization of autonomous environmental elements, phenomena, and dynamics, thus as strands of economic theory engendered by the advance of capital over nature. The effort aims to denaturalize the economic rationality that prevails over our understanding of the world and to oppose ideologies that propagate false emergency exits for the current state of siege.
The elements of the landscape are vulnerable to anthropic and natural actions, and it is the role of geographers include rural roads in the analyses, since this is one of the elements present in his field of action and it has significant importance to the community. So it is essential to understand the dynamics of rural roads, analyzing whether or not these d Taking these aspects into consideration, the objective of this research was to characterize the conservation status of rural roads in the lower course of the Borecaia River basin, Nova Nazar & eacute;-MT, Brazil, from an environmental perspective with environmental diagnosis and prognosis. For this characterization, empirical work was carried out with field observation in two periods, one less rainy and one rainy. In total, six points distributed in the basin were selected for characterization. The evaluation of the conservation status of the roads was carried out with the aid of a tape measure, camera and notebook for notes. The maps were generated in ArcGIS and Google Earth PRO software. As a result, the roads presented several problems in the travel lane, such as compaction, ravines, lack of drainage and inactive infiltration boxes. Thus, it is concluded that the roads require periodic maintenance for proper functioning, correction of the cross section of the road; implementation and maintenance of drainage devices, in addition to the use of vegetative techniques.ynamics are associated with maintenance and the conservation of these roads.
Based on studies of colonialism, this paper discusses the ideas about the colonized forms of acting, thinking and appropriate space, especially around the concept of housing and ownership of the territory, in the Amazon region. For this, through a bibliographic analysis, I describe and discuss two specific examples, namely, the implementation of the Housing program in territories of Agrarian reform by INCRA and the implementation of the Concession of Right of Use (CDRU) to traditional populations in Conservation Unit for Sustainable Use. Finally, the discussion around these examples, seeking to correlate the elements that reveal the heritage and permanence of coloniality and how this process goes against other realities, which consequently result in dystopias in the ways of conceiving space, conditioning it to a significant deprivation of reproduction of local geographies. Nevertheless, this article is developed the idea that the Amazon is a world of antithesis locus based on the European experience. In several aspects, the region and its peoples have demonstrated and mainly resisted this linear idea of coloniality, showing themselves as a “counter world”, which reveals other possible world possibilities besides the Eurocentric hegemonic concept.
The article explores the debate regarding the interconnections shaping the growing intertwining of the financialization process and rentierism linked to the built environment in Brazil. The analysis focuses on investigating the securitization process of real estate in Brazil, through Real Estate Receivables Certificates, and the circulation of interest-bearing capital throughout the built environment. The central hypothesis addressed argues that the securitization process tends to impose a restructuring of the spatiotemporal relationship between accumulation and the production of the built environment, generating a growing trend of transforming cities into platforms for financial profitability. The text concludes with the empirical analysis of two cities, considered emblematic examples of the process under investigation.
This article aims, in a geographical framework, meditations on the regressive-progressive method and its application in spatial investigations. For its author, the french sociologist Henri Lefebvre, space is not a given fact, but a living present that brings with it a past and a future. Thus, anyone who wants to critically analyze a space must investigate the processes – the emergence, evolution or extinction of the structuring elements – which are, in short, the space itself. Along these lines, Lefebvre proposes an exercise divided into three Moments: “Descriptive”, “Analytic-regressive” and “Historical-genetic”. After these 3 steps we will be better able to better understand the complexities of the space under scrutiny, making it more open to future interventions. As an empirical example of the method, we carried out a brief investigation into Parque do Flamengo, a public space located in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ).
A erosão híd Soil erosion is considered one of the biggest environmental problems, responsible for the loss of agricultural areas, reduced productivity, association of rivers and reservoirs and water contamination in several countries. The climatic changes observed in the last decades and the changes in the precipitation regimes have caused concern, with extreme events that cause from surface water bottom to mass movements that can lead to disasters. Knowledge of rainfall erosivity indices and their seasonal and spatial variation are important tools for planning soil management and conservation practices. This study aims to determine the rainfall erosivity index for the state of Rio de Janeiro and to evaluate its spatial and seasonal distribution. The analytical values of the rainfall erosivity index (EI30) were calculated, widely used in calculating soil learning from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). For the calculation of the EI30, the average rainfall of 11 rainfall stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) and 73 rainfall stations of the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA) were used. The EI30 value was obtained using sixteen regression equations established for Rio de Janeiro. The EI30 values were interpolated for data spatialization and from that, the average values were obtained for each municipality in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The results show that the average annual precipitation ranges from 1000 to 1800 mm and that 76.4% of the state of Rio de Janeiro had a Fournier index (IFM) greater than 160, classified as very high in relation to the aggressiveness of the rains. The erosivity index ranges from 1750 to 15000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, and 22.9% of the Fluminense territory has erosivity classified as High (7500 to 10000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1) and 51.8% as medium erosivity (5000 to 7500 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1). Erosivity showed the highest values in the months of November to March, indicating that soil retention and conservation control practices should preferably be maintained in this period of the year. rica é considerada um dos maiores problemas ambientais, responsável pela perda de áreas agrícolas, redução de produtividade, assoreamento de rios e reservatórios e contaminação da água em diversos países. As alterações climáticas observadas nas últimas décadas e as mudanças nos regimes de precipitações tem aumentado a preocupação com eventos extremos que causam desde erosão hídrica superficial até movimentos de massa que desencadeiam grandes desastres. O conhecimento dos índices de erosividade da chuva e sua variação sazonal e espacial são ferramentas importantes para o planejamento das práticas de manejo e conservação do solo. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o índice de erosividade das chuvas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar sua distribuição espacial e sazonal. Foram calculados os valores mensais do índice de erosividade da chuva EI30, muito utilizado no cálculo da erosão do solo a partir da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE). Para o cálculo do EI30 foram utilizadas as médias mensais de precipitação de 11 estações pluviométricas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet) e 73 estações pluviométricas da Agencia Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA). O valor de EI30 foi obtido utilizando dezesseis equações de regressão estabelecidas para o Rio de Janeiro. Os valores de EI30 foram interpolados utilizando o método da Krigagem no software ArcGis 10.8 para espacialização dos dados. A partir disso, obteve-se os valores médios para cada município do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostram que a precipitação média anual varia de 1000 a 1800 mm e que 76,4% do estado do Rio de Janeiro apresentou índice de Fournier (IFM) maior que 160, classificado como muito alto em relação a agressividade das chuvas. O índice de erosividade variou de 1750 a 15000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1,sendo que 22,9 % do território Fluminense tem erosividade classificada como Alta (7500 a 10000 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1) e 51,8% tem erosividade media (5000 a 7500 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1). A erosividade apresentou os maiores valores nos meses de novembro a março, evidenciando que as práticas de controle de erosão e conservação do solo devem, preferencialmente, ser reforçadas neste período do ano
