Actinic keratoses are common premalignant skin lesions caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet light. Early recognition and effective treatment are key to preventing them from progressing to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The authors of the article outline an individualized approach for clinicians based on the number of lesions (lesion burden), their surface area (field cancerization), and patient preference.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. This review synthesizes current information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of MASLD and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatohepatitis (MASH), underscoring how to integrate established metabolic care with emerging treatments to address the growing MASLD burden.
Pulmonary nodules are often encountered in primary care during radiographic evaluation of respiratory symptoms, incidental imaging, and lung cancer screening. While most nodules are low risk, accurately identifying nodules that require surveillance, determining appropriate follow-up intervals, and deciding when specialist evaluation and intervention is indicated are challenging.
As kratom products become more widely used in the United States, physicians will be more likely to encounter patients who are using these unregulated and unstudied substances. This focused review addresses questions such as what kratom is, whether it is safe, who is using it (and why), how to treat patients who are using it, and what to tell them.
