Transmission Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a malignant tumor that is contagious in dogs. Tumors are transmitted to other dogs generally through direct contact with dogs of sufferers during the mating season. A mixture of a female Rottweiler-Corgi mix breed called a 5-year-old Bocil, black and brown hair, with a body weight of 8.9 kg has a complaint of a lump in the vulva and genital swelling accompanied by the release of blood from the genitals. Routine hematology examination shows dogs experiencing thrombocytopenia. Histopathological examination of tumor tissue, indicates the presence of tumor cells in the form of lymphoblasts that experience modosis, and many hyperchromatic polymorphonuclear cells are found. Based on the history, clinical examination, and supporting examination, dogs are diagnosed with transmission venereal tumors. Surgery is carried out with the excision of the mass of the tumor through the episiotomy approach. Postoperatively given CefotaXime antibiotics at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW in IV Q12 hours for three days and analgesic dipyrone 25 mg/kg BW in IV q12 hours for 3 days, followed by giving Cefixime antibiotics 10 mg/kg BW twice four days and analgesic metamizole 25 mg/kg PO twice a day for 2 days. Dogs are given vincristine sulphate chemotherapy at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg BW intravenously every 1 time a week for three weeks in a row. On the 21st day postoperative sex size shrink and no blood is found from the vagina. Prevention of recurrent TVT in dogs needs to be minimized by performing ovariohysterectomy surgery.
Prolapse of the bulbus oculi is a condition where the eyeball protrudes from the eye socket, which occurs due to impact, blunt trauma, fights or tumors. A Mix Pom purebred dog, named Koko, male, 7 years old, 5.21 kg body weight and brown hair color, complained of the right eyeball protruding from the eye socket since two days. The purpose of writing this case report is to describe the process of lifting the eyeball by cutting the tissue and the nerves inside it using the enucleation technique. From physical examination and clinical signs, the case dog was diagnosed with prolapse of the dextra bulbus oculi with a fausta prognosis. Case dogs were treated with bulbus oculi enucleation surgery, which is a surgical procedure by lifting the eyeball from the eye socket. The surgery was performed under a combination of xylazine and ketamine general anesthesia. Postoperative case dogs were given cefotaxime antibiotics at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for two days and followed by oral antibiotic cefixime trihydrate at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for five days. Anti-inflammatory in the form of tolfenamic acid with a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly for two days and followed by oral anti-inflammatory dexamethasone tablets 0.25 mg/kg body weight (2 x daily) for five days. The results of the operation showed wound healing on the 10th day, which was indicated by the stitches that had dried and merged, and the dog was active again. Advice that can be given is that a dog suffering from bulbus oculi prolapse must be immediately acted upon, so as not to worsen the dog's condition and to prevent various complications, one of which is miasis.
Pyometra in dogs is a condition of accumulation of purulent material in the female dog's uterus caused by hormonal balance resulting in infection and excess fluid production in the uterus. This paper reports the case of a four-year-old female Kintamani-Bali dog with a weight of 13.74 kg who has a complaint of red discharge that has come out through her vagina since 8 month ago. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information regarding methods of handling and evaluating therapy for chronic cystic endometritis in Kintamani Bali dogs. Hematological examination showed that white blood cells were high and ultrasound examination showed uterine abnormalities, namely thickening of the uterine wall and uterine lumen filled with fluid. The results of histopathological examination found several cysts on the uterine mucosal lamina, the uterine mucosa was necrotic accompanied by the infiltration of neutrophil inflammatory cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and the muscularis lamina experienced hyperplasia. The diagnosis in the case of dogs had chronic cystic endometritis accompanied by pyometra. The prognosis in this case is fausta. Handling performed on the case dog is by ovaryohysterectomy surgery. Premedication using atropine sulfate, anesthesia with a combination of ketamine and xylazine. The therapy given postoperatively was the antibiotic amoxicillin 7 mg/kg BB intramuscularly and anti-inflammatory and analgesics were given tolfedin 4 mg/kg BB given intramuscularly. Followed by the home administration of amoxicillin 15 mg/kg BB tablets given orally three times a day for seven days and the anti-inflammatory meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg BB tablets given orally once a day for five days. The results of wound healing showed that the healing process on the 14th day was marked by the wound becoming dry. Animal sterile is better done by ovaryohysterectomy.
A Persian cat named Inaya, female, aged 3 years, was brought in with complaints of itching which started in the last 1 month. Treatment is given by administering ivermectin, diphenhydramine and fish oil to see the effectiveness of the treatment in cases of scabiosis accompanied by infection with the lice Felicola subrostratus. Physical examination showed that the upper ear had hardened hyperkeratosis, the cat looked thin with dull and falling hair accompanied by symptoms of pruritus with trichodectes felis infestation. Examination of skin scrapings found Sarcoptes scabiei mites and Felicola subrostratus mite infection. Investigations with a complete blood test showed that the cat had a slight increase in leukocytes, hemoglobin and erythrocytes. Based on anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations, the case cat was diagnosed with scabies with Felicola surostratus mite infection. 7 days after treatment the frequency of scratching was no longer observed and the hyperkeratosis of the ears began to appear less but there were still lice in the hair. Treatment given to case animals using Ivermectin, Diphenhydramine HCl, fish oil, and sulfur-containing soap, gave good results by no longer showing itching. Animals should be placed or caged separately from other animals for intensive care to speed recovery. The cleanliness of the home environment and the cage environment also affects the recovery of the dog so that cleanliness of the cage needs to be paid attention to and separate case animals from healthy cats to prevent re-infection.
Bronchopneumonia is a respiratory disease caused by non-infectious or infectious agents to the respiratory tract, causing inflammation of the bronchi and alveoli. The case study aimed to find out alternative diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for cases of bronchopneumonia. Physical examination was carried out on a cat with complaints of sneezing accompanied by moist nose and eyes unilaterally since one month. Physical examination showed a high intensity of sneezing accompanied by a runny nose mucoid unilateral from the nose and unilateral mucopurulent discharge from the eyes with a lot of volume and crackles heard in the area of the bronchi to the lungs during inspiration and expiration. X-ray results of the thoracic region show inflammation of the bronchial walls and lungs. The results of cytological examination of the runny nose and eyes found cells neutrophils. The results of the haematological examination showed rate increase white blood cell (WBC), granulocytes, and red distribution width (RDW-CV). Bacterial culture examination showed results staphylococcus sp. on nasal discharge and bacteria Enterobacter sp. on eye discharge. The therapy given to cat cases is causative, symptomatic, and supportive by utilizing natural ingredients. Honey is antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, while lemon water has antioxidant potential. Treatment is in the form of giving a combination of manuka honey and lemon water products with a total of 5 ml given orally twice a day for one month. The results of treatment for one month showed good progress in case animals with reduced frequency of runny nose and eyes and a significant decrease in the intensity of sneezing. Treatment in case animals can continue until the symptoms of runny nose and sneezing disappear completely
Rectal prolapse is a condition when one or more layers of the rectum pass through the anal orifice. Prolapse commonly occurs in young and old animals due to constipation, endoparasites, diarrhea, hereditary factors, loss of anal sphincter power and loosening of the rectal mucous membranes. A black cat with complaints of prolapse, good appetite and active cat. The purpose of the rectal prolapse surgery technique in cats is to improve the patient's condition and provide information about handling cases of rectal prolapse. Physical examination shows that the prolapsed rectum has a bright red color, the proximal part is pink while the distal part is red and shrinks. The blood test results show that the cat is fit for surgery. Pre-surgery, the bleki cat was first fasted to eat for 12 hours and drink for 6 hours. Administration of atropine sulfate premedication at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg BW (SC), sedation using xylazine at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW (IV), and anesthesia using ketamine at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW (IV). Cats were operated on using rectal repositioning technique. The rectum is inserted slowly manually, then suturing is done around the anus with a purse string pattern. Postoperative care was carried out by giving the analgesic tolfedine (4mg/kg BW, SC, q24h), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers and the antibiotic cefotaxime (20 mg/kg BW, IV, q12h) to treat bacterial infections and giving betadine after the rectum was repositioned. The cat has rectal prolapse which is thought to be caused by eating dry food or giving hard food which causes the cat to experience tenesmus and often strains when making feces. To avoid recurrent prolapse, cats should be advised not to exercise excessively, cage cats, keep cages and cats clean and moist and replace dry food with soft and watery feed rich in protein.
A one-month-old female Landrace pig died after being suspected of being infected with nematode worms and protozoa parasites. The purpose of this study was to establish a diagnosis of death from case pigs. The pigs were taken from a close house farm owned by Mr. Wayan Suastika in Payangan village, Gianyar, with a total population of 20 and had never been dewormed. Case pigs showed symptoms such as anorexia, experiencing blackish diarrhea mixed with a little blood, no appetite, and pale mucosa. The case pig died one day after being taken from the farm, and was necropsied on November 18, 2022 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Organs that underwent changes such as the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestines were taken to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory for histopathological examination. Examination of feces using the flotation method and the Mcmaster method, as well as making permanent preparations to identify worms were carried out at the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory. The results of post-mortem examination found typical anatomic pathology in the form of haemorrhagic colon, necrosis and catarrhal or mucohemorrhagic enteritis with mucus, fresh blood and/or necrotic debris in the lumen, along with infection with nematode worms in the colon with a total of 235 individuals. From the results of stool examination, Trichuris suis worm eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found. Based on the results of pathological and parasitological examinations, it can be concluded that cases of death in pigs are caused by Trichuriosis and Coccidiosis. As a suggestion, pigs should be kept in cages with floors made of concrete or cement. If an earthen yard is used, excreta disposal should be regular and the manure disposal site should be made of closed concrete wells so as not to attract beetles.
Dogs are one of the animals classified as pet animals, or it can be said to be animals that are close to humans. Feeding to dogs must be considered carefully, feeding patterns can affect urine pH, urine volume, and urine concentration which can cause the formation of mineral precipitation, such as uroliths consisting of various minerals. One of the health problems that occur in dogs due to nutritional imbalance is urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is the formation of sediment that is difficult to dissolve in the urinary tract. The purpose of this writing is to report the process of handling urolithiasis through cystotomy in a dog named Lucky with a male Pom mix dog breed aged 7 years and weighing 11 kg is a rescue dog. Lucky's dog experienced pain when urinating (stranguria), urine came out below normal (oligouria), bloody urine (hematuria), and had no appetite to eat and drink since 3 days before being treated. Dogs are usually given dry dog food feed mixed with rice and chicken with ad libitum portions. 1.5 years ago dogs had difficulty urinating but did not bleed. Based on the results of the history, clinical examination, supporting examinations in the form of chemical examination of urine and X-ray, the dog has urolithiasis. Dog cases are treated with cystotomy surgery to remove calculi by incision of urinary vesicles. Postoperative therapy, dogs are given an injection of the antibiotic cefotaxime sodium 20mg / kg body weight with the IM route and given anti-inflammatory tolfedine CS 4ml / kg body weight. Based on a series of examinations carried out, it can be concluded that animal cases have urolithiasis and handling cases of urolithiasis in dog cases can be done with cystotomy. To avoid the occurrence of urolithiasis in urinary vesica in dogs, client education is needed on how to maintain and select feed that contains balanced nutrition.
Malassezia dermatitis is a skin disease caused by fungi of Malassezia spp. that can be superficial and systemic with local or generalised lesions. The purpose of this report is to diagnose and determine the therapeutic success of dermatitis caused by Malassezia spp. fungal infection systemically with generalised and chronic lesions. An 8-year-old mixed breed dog weighing 6.41 kg was examined at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of itching and hair baldness. Clinical examination found generalised alopecia with thickening of the skin, hyperpigmentation on the neck and dorsal region of the body, erythema and papules on the abdominal flank and caudal extremity of the lateral femoral, and scale on the head area. Cytological examination of the skin taken by impression smear found the fungal agent Malassezia spp. Routine haematological examination showed that the dog had lymphocytosis, and hypochromic normocytic anaemia. Based on anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examination, the dog was diagnosed with dermatitis caused by a Malassezia spp. fungal infection with a fausta prognosis. The dog was treated with oral ketoconazole, chlorpheniramine maleate, fish oil, sebasol shampoo, and dryfood (Dograng classic®). The results of therapy on the 28th day showed that the dog's condition was getting better as indicated by significant hair growth. Therefore, to avoid recurrent infections owners need to avoid keeping their dogs in damp places and stop using human shampoos and dish soaps to bathe their dogs as they can affect the pH of the skin, triggering fungal growth.
Demodicosis is a skin disease caused by Demodex sp. mites. Ancylostomiasis is a disease caused by Ancylostoma spp worm infection in dogs. Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the worm Toxocara sp. The purpose of writing this case report article is to find out the causes of skin diseases and helminthiasis that occur in case dogs and the effectiveness of the treatment carried out. A local dog named Oreo, 7 months old, has a skin problem that appeared 3 weeks before. Dog have good appetite, and urination normal. Dogs are given rice feed mixed with chicken heads. The case dog is kept tied up in the yard. The results of the physical examination showed that there were lesions on the skin in the form of erythema, crusting, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, and lots of scale on the face, earlobes, neck, forelegs, hind legs, back and tail. On the ventral side experienced alopecia, erythema, and crusts. On deep skin scraping examination, Demodex sp. mites were found. Other physical examination results showed pale mucous membranes and conjunctiva, slow skin turgor examination and prolonged capillary refill time. The results of microscopic examination of the faeces natively showed the presence of Ancylostoma spp worm eggs with an oval shape, thin shell with eight to sixteen blastomere and Toxocara sp eggs with a round brownish shape, the surface was mottled, the outer wall was very thick. Routine hematological examination showed that the case dog had hypochromic normocytic anemia. The dog was diagnosed with demodicosis and helminthiasis. Treatment is carried out by administering ivermectin, antihistamines (diphenhydramine and CTM), vitamin B complex, fish oil and sulfur soap. Evaluation after 14 days showed improvement in body condition. The treatment and therapy given gave good results, reduced pruritus, new hair grew and the dog no longer had diarrhea. Dog owners are advised to implement good maintenance management by keeping the environment where the animal lives clean to avoid re-infection.
The vesica urinaria is inflamed in cystitis. The pH of the urine, the amount of food consumed, and bacterial infection are all factors that can contribute to infection and the production of uroliths. This article seeks to learn more about the procedures for diagnosing, managing, and treating feline cystitis problems. A male, black Persian cat with a body weight of 4.9 kg, two years old. With complaints of hematuria throughout the previous two days and complains of incontinence and inability to urinate with much volume. Urinary vesica wall thickening was discovered during ultrasound examination, along with urinary vesica crystals. Urinalysis, hematology testing, and urine culture were done. As a crystal breaker in the urinary vesica, ciprofloxacin dexamethasone and Batugin herbal medication were administered to the case animal. Change the cat diet and feed used for urinary care. One week after starting the therapy, the cat appeared in good health, peeing normally and without any signs of pain or blood. Based on macroscopic examination, the cat's urine was yellow and free of blood. The cat's urine was examined under a microscope, and no crystals were found. After seven days of medication, the case cat had positive effects. Smooth urination started, and there was no sign of stranguria, oliguria, or hematuria.
Haemobartonellosis is a disease caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, previously called Haemobartonella felis, causing lethargy, fever, pale mucosa, and anemia of varying severity in cats. M. haemofelis is a small, gram-negative bacterium without cell walls that lives on the edge or surface (epicellular) of erythrocytes. The animal used as a case report is a domestic short-haired cat, ± 9 months old, an unsterilized female with a body weight of 3.3 kg. The results of the clinical examination and praesens status showed that the case cat experienced vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, mild ectoparasite infestation, pale mucosa, a CRT of more than two seconds, and increased respiratory frequency and body temperature. Routine hematological examination on the first day showed normochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood biochemical examination on the first day showed hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia. A blood smear examination shows a round or ring-shaped formation on the edge or surface of the erythrocytes, which is morphologically identified as M. haemofelis. Based on the history, physical examination, and supporting examinations, the case cat was diagnosed as having haemobartonellosis. The case cat was treated for five days, and then on the sixth day, the case cat was sent home and underwent outpatient therapy because it showed an improving condition. Causative therapy for M. haemofelis is given oxytetracycline antibiotics for five days, followed by doxycycline antibiotics for 28 days during outpatient therapy. Frontline Plus® antiparasitic is given once to treat ectoparasites. The symptomatic therapy given is tolfenamic acid, once administered. The supportive therapy given is Lactate Ringer's infusion fluid therapy for 5 days and multivitamin, mineral, and hematopoietic supplements, namely Hematodin® by injection for five days, followed by Caviplex Syrup® for 28 days. Therapy for vulnus morsum is enrofloxacin for 8 days. After 28 days of outpatient therapy, the case cat showed clinical improvement and was actively playing.
Colibacillosis is a disease caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, which attacks piglets and can result in weight loss, stunted growth and, if not treated immediately, will cause death. The aim of this case report is to establish a diagnosis of the death of a 35 day old pig using anamnesis, epidemiological procedures, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology examination and laboratory examination. The laboratory examinations in question are histopathology, bacteriology and parasitology. The animal case obtained was a young pig suspected of being infected with E. coli, which came from a farm in Taro Village, Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali. The case pig is a Landrace type, 35 days old weighing ± 7 kg, male. Symptoms observed in the cases were that the piglets looked thin, weak, anorexic, and had yellowish diarrhea. The pig population is 100, during one maintenance period there were approximately 7 pigs who were sick and 2 pigs who died. Based on anamnesis, clinical symptoms, epidemiology, changes in anatomical pathology and histopathological lesions, isolation and identification of colonies on NA media, EMBA, gram staining, primary test, secondary test (biochemical test), and sugar test, E. Coli bacteria were successfully isolated. So a diagnosis was obtained that the pig case was infected with colibacillosis. The results of a stool examination in the parasitology laboratory did not reveal any infection with worm eggs or protozoa. Based on anamnesis, clinical symptoms, epidemiology, anatomical pathological changes, histopathological lesions, and bacterial tests. Conclusion in pig cases diagnosed with colibacillosis by Escherichia coli. It is necessary to carry out good sanitation and management to prevent the occurrence of colibacillosis.
Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza are highly contagious viral diseases that can affect poultry with high mortality rates, and are zoonotic diseases that endanger humans. In this case study, broiler chickens aged 12 days were vaccinated at hatching and came from Yangapi Village, Tembuku, Bangli showed clinical symptoms of drooping neck or torticollis, no appetite, and greenish white diluted feces. Examinations are continued at each laboratory to obtain a definite diagnosis. The methods used are anatomical pathology examination, histopathology preparations, HA-HI examination, bacterial identification, and qualitative examination for paracites. The results of anatomical pathology examination found pathognomonic lesions, like ptechie in the proventriculus and ventriculus, enlargement and congestion in the lungs, hemorrhagic trachea, and hyperemic intestines. The results of histopathological examination showed marked changes with single-core inflammatory cells or lymphoid suggesting an infectious agent in the form of a virus. The results of the virology laboratory examination with the HA and HI test showed that the case chicken was positively infected by Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses. Bacteriology laboratory by culture of lung and intestinal organ samples was carried out on Nutrient Agar, followed by selective media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, primary tests, gram staining, biochemical tests and sugar tests until the results showed that Escherichia coli bacteria grew from the chicken intestines and were classified as normal flora. The results of the examination related to parasites in the feces of case chickens by qualitative methods, natif, sedimentation concentration, and floating were confirmed not to be found worm eggs or coccidia. From this case study, it can be concluded that the case chicken was infected with Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses.
Skin and digestive diseases are the most common problems encountered in cats. A six-month-old domestic cat with a body weight of 1.42 kg experienced problems with the skin and digestive system at the same time. Cases of cats complain that they often scratch and excrete worms when defecating, the feces are yellow and have a paste-like consistency. This research aims to determine the disease agent and intensity of infection that attacks cats so that appropriate treatment can be provided. On physical examination, alopecia, hyperkeratosis, crusting and scales were found on the head, bilateral ears, neck and elbow area. Supporting examinations carried out were skin examination using skin scraping, trichogram, cytological examination using the tape acetate method and otic swab with diffquick staining as well as fecal examination using the floating method and counting worm eggs using the Mc Master method. The diagnosis is confirmed based on the history, physical examination, and examination with results of scabiosis and toxocaryosis. The causative therapy used in this case was ivermectin (Ivomec®) injection at a dose of 300μg/kg BW subcutaneously given three times on days 0, 7 and 14 and pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin®) therapy at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW orally. Symptomatic therapy uses intramuscular injection of diphenhydramine HCl (2 mg/kg BW) and (chlorpeniramine maleate®) at a dose of 2 mg/head given 2x¼ orally given for three days, followed by supportive therapy given multivitamins and minerals (Caviplex®) given once a day orally for seven days. Topical therapy is given with sulfur soap to bathe cats at least once a week. The cat showed good progress starting from the third day, the level of pruritus decreased, then on the fourth day the cat did not expel worms from the anus and the stomach did not look as enlarged as when it was first examined, and on the sixth day it started to show hair growth, alopecia, crusting and hyperkeratosis began to decrease. After administering ivermectin the second time, the cat's case began to improve with the level of pruritus decreasing and the hair slowly growing. After the third injection, namely on the fourteenth day, the cat named Bolu was returned to its owner with improved skin condition and no longer scratching. Based on the history, physical examination and laboratory examination, the cat was given therapy by administering antihistamines, antiparasitics, worm medicine, as well as support by administering vitamins and topical use of sulfur soap. It is important for cat owners to consistently bathe their cats and give them regular deworming medication to prevent recurrent infections.
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and drugs. However, there are several cases of hepatitis in animals whose cause is unknown, such as what happened to the male Siamese cat in this case report. Therefore, several examinations are carried out to find out the cause and appropriate treatment. Before carrying out the examination, recording the signs and anamnesis is very important. The examination is carried out systematically, namely by clinical and laboratory examination. Laboratory examinations carried out include lesion and cytology examinations (impression tests), hematology examinations, ultrasonography (USG), and anatomical pathology and histology examinations. The results of the ulcer cytology examination using the impression test method found large numbers of neutrophils. CBC examination results revealed that the cat had an infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood biochemistry results also revealed that the cat had liver damage with increased AST and ALT values. Abdominal ultrasonography also confirms liver damage. Damage to the liver, spleen and kidneys is also visible on microscopic examination (histopathology). Symptomatic therapy is carried out to reduce clinical symptoms, namely by administering Ornipural®, Viamin 34 inject, and Enbatic powder. The cat died after 1 week of administration of Viamin and Enbatic powder, as well as 1 administration of Ornipural®. From the results of the examination that was carried out, the cat had hepatitis. Early treatment by observing clinical symptoms in animals can reduce the severity of a disease.
Chronic rhinitis in cats is a syndrome associated with inflammation of the nasal cavity; it is often associated with secondary infection of the frontal sinuses, and usually lasts more than 1 month. This case study aims to determine the conclusion of several supporting examinations performed to diagnose chronic rhinitis in cats and its treatment. Examination was made on a 3-year-old female local cat with a body weight of 2.65 kg with a history of nasal discharge since approximately 2 years ago, sneezing, and occasionally followed by coughing with harsh-sounding breath. Physical examination showed a rough sound or stridor when the cat breathed, mucopurulent discharge in both nostrils, sneezing with high frequency and occasionally followed by coughing. Cytologic examination of nasal swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria, degenerate and non-degenerate infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma cells. Mild interstitial pattern in the lung, and increased opacity or ring-like opacities ("donuts") at some bronchial ends were observed on radiographic examination. Bacterial growth and identification tests were positive for Proteus sp. bacteria. The cat was diagnosed with chronic rhinitis with bronchitis and treated with Cefixime antibiotic (12 mg/kg BW; q12 h; PO), anti-inflammatory corticosteroid Methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg BW; q24 h; PO) with tappering off dose, mucolytic decongestant Bromhexin HCL (1 mg/kg BW; q24 hours; PO), and immunomodulator Caviplex (2 ml; q24 hours; PO). Treatment for 14 days showed an improvement in the cat's condition where nasal discharge that was previously mucopurulent became serous and at certain times no discharge was found, the frequency of sneezing and coughing decreased, and the cat could eat and drink comfortably. The decision to select an antibacterial agent to treat rhinitis should be made based on the results of pharyngeal and nasal discharge swab cultures.
Feline chlamydiosis or chlamydia is an infection caused by a bacterial organism. A local cat named Mio, male, orange and white, aged about 4 months, weighing 1.2 kg, had complaints of sneezing, red eyes and runny nose in the left eye since 2 weeks ago. The condition of the eye has gotten worse since a week ago with the white membrane covering the eyeball. Respiratory examination showed abnormal results, namely the case cat experienced sneezing and had a serous discharge. On examination the eye looks swollen and there is a mucopurulent discharge. The pupil reflex of the left eye is not visible because the nictitan membrane covers almost the entire eyeball. The Schirmer test showed that the case cat was producing excessive tears. Examination using an ophthalmoscope, the pupil of the cat's eye in the left case was not detected due to being covered by a shifting nictitating membrane. the fluorescen test showed a negative result, which means that there was no ulcer on the cornea. CBC examination results showed that the cat had leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. The case cat was diagnosed with dilation of the nictitating membrane and unilateral conjunctivitis with suspected chlamydiosis. Therapy is carried out by administering antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vitamins. Evaluation on the 8th day after administration of therapy showed slightly improved results. In the left eye inflammation has started to improve. In addition, the mucus in the left eye also began to decrease. We recommend that treatment of case cats be continued for up to 3 weeks and a PCR test should be carried out so that the cause of infection in case cats can be known for sure.
Cystitis is an inflammation of the vesica urinaria. A male mixed breed dog named Max, 3 years old and weighing 18.68 kg, has stranguria and dysuria with a small volume of urine, and hematuria. The purpose of this report is to discuss the incidence of cystitis in male mixed breed dogs in performing diagnostic measures as well as appropriate treatment and therapy for the dog. Clinical examination showed pulse frequency, heart rate, respiratory, and body temperature within the normal range. Abdominal palpation revealed signs of pain. Routine hematology analysis revealed struvite and tyrosine crystals. Urinalysis showed elevated leucocytes and post-renal proteinuria. Urine culture examination revealed Staphylococcus sp. Ultrasonography examination showed thickening of the vesical urinary mucous. Based on findings, the dog case was diagnosed with cystitis. Treatment included antibiotics amoxicillin, anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone, and additional herbal medicine kejibeling. The case dog showed improvement after seven days of treatment with no symptoms such as haematuria. To minimise the recurrence of cystitis in dogs, Urinary Care feed and ad libitum watering can be done to help dissolve crystals in the vesica urinaria.
