Influenced by the particularity of the identity of the people's police,there is a great controver-sy in both theoretical and practical fields on whether the auxiliary police can become the object of the crime of assaulting police.Although duty-centered interpretation can realize the better protection of all police officers,it is difficult to achieve the agreement with the standard meaning of the people's police or the concept of duty,and there is also a hidden risk of causing internal discord within criminal law and contradiction between depart-mental laws.Only by examining the police management system and the attributes of the police can we avoid the contextual gap between the legal norms,realize the integration of each other's functions,and effectively realize the original intention of the legislation on the crime of assaulting police to protect the legal interests of police officers.
Gene editing risk is a new type of risk faced by human beings.The legal interests infringed by the crime of gene editing include both personal and transpersonal legal interests,especially the legal interests of human genetic safety and reproductive genetic resource security.China's criminal law still lacks systematic regulations on gene editing crimes,and there are defects both in legislative mode and legal provisions.We should fully consider the social risks involved,take a positive criminal law perspective to improve the subject scope,object attribute,crime description and legal punishment of the current gene editing crime.Besides,we shall add the crime of abusing science and technology,the crime of obstructing the order of gene management and the crime of illegal human experiment.
从诉讼程序的启动到刑事判决的形成,犯罪论体系发挥了重要的指引作用.阶层犯罪论体系作为刑事实体法研究的重要工具,其逻辑化的思维方式不仅实现了构成元素的系统认定,也为司法过程的推进提供了路径依赖.刑法规范正是在这个过程中从抽象走向具体,从文本走向现实.在立案阶段,阶层犯罪论体系为"涉嫌"的理论预设提供价值指引;在侦查阶段,通过"逻辑线索"对事实和行为加以串联,避免了司法产品制作的早期性;在审查起诉阶段,涵括了"不起诉"和"撤回起诉"的司法面向,最大限度减少了片面认知导致的错误倾向;在审判阶段,有效推进了以审判为中心,促进了庭审的实质化.
随着我国多层次资本市场的快速发展,金融市场上违背受托义务,擅自运用客户资金或者其他委托、信托财产的背信行为时有发生,严重损害了我国金融市场管理秩序,侵害了客户的资金和其他委托、信托财产权益.背信运用受托财产罪自 2006 年增设以来,长期处于"闲置状态",以致被称为"僵尸条款",立法者增设该罪弥补挪用资金罪之不足、规制金融机构背信运用受托财产行为的初衷至今未能如愿实现.立足刑事执法实践,回溯背信运用受托财产罪及其立法背景,适用背信运用受托财产罪所面临的困境与众多争点,是影响该罪法条适用的重要因素.在刑事执法实践中,坚持严格规范执法、树立积极适用的理念、以执法实践推动弥合争点、善用行刑执法衔接机制、坚守刑法重要原则,是推动背信运用受托财产罪摆脱适用困境、解决争点问题的可行路径.
随着新能源汽车保有量持续攀升,车险诈骗成为干扰该行业发展的重要因素.新能源车险诈骗案件的成因既具有车险诈骗的共性,又存在特殊性.在数据时代,防控和治理新能源汽车保险诈骗应当充分运用技术手段,采取大数据侦查、建立保险业信息共享平台、借助区块链技术构建新型监管模式等方式,结合相关法律制度与行业规则的完善,共同实现对新能源汽车保险诈骗案件的有效防治.
协商性程序正义是在众多司法制度中抽象提炼出来的一种理念集合,我国的刑事和解制度、认罪认罚从宽制度、逮捕控制机制、企业合规制度均逐渐体现出一定的协商性司法的因素.协商性程序正义是在刑事诉讼过程中,被追诉者通过供认被指控的犯罪事实,放弃诉讼对抗,控辩双方转而通过平等对话,协商妥协,寻求结果控制,实现利益切合点的一种诉讼模式.协商性司法对传统对抗性司法正义理念提出挑战,以对等协商、正当协商、实质协商进行制度设计.审前羁押问题是重要的协商性程序正义保障机制,通过羁押听证制度、羁押审查制度、羁押必要性审查制度、羁押救济制度等实现协商性程序正义.从刑事诉讼程序流来看,结合审前羁押相关制度可以从"源头—批捕—动态"三个环节上把握实现协商性程序正义的非羁押具体实施路径.
As a tool to spread ideology and promote mainstream values,mainstream films have important social and political functions.For police colleges,there is a high degree of compatibility between mainstream films and loyalty education,which highlights the necessity of mainstream films integrating into loyalty education in police colleges.At present,the effectiveness of integrating mainstream films into loyalty education in police colleges needs some improvements in three aspects:educational subject,educational object and educational intermediary.Based on the internal unity of mainstream films and loyalty education in police colleges,we shall seek the best way to integrate mainstream films into the loyalty education in police colleges from four aspects:artists,educators,the educated and educational influence,so as to better serve the cultivation of police students in police colleges.
在"政府是人类社会'必要的恶'"理念影响下构建起来的刑事诉讼法学体系未能全面反映、恰当解释、有效指导我国实践,不适应也无法满足我国刑事诉讼法学发展需要.应在充分尊重我国文化传统、历史命运和现实国情基础上构建符合我国实际的刑事诉讼法学基本理念."模范引领"强调"政府是中国法治建设'必须的善'",它在借鉴"政府是人类社会'必要的恶'"积极作用的同时,立足我国独特国情,体现"德法共治"治国理政的基本经验,发扬"模范政治"中华传统,反映以德服众的政治理论,彰显人民至上的政治立场,满足广泛凝聚社会共识和建设高质量法治工作队伍的现实需要,兼具中华优秀传统法律文化的历史延续性、中国特色社会主义法治理论的理论正当性和中国特色社会主义法治发展的实践可能性,是中国当代刑事诉讼法学体系构建的逻辑起点.
情理蕴含了丰富的社会经验和生活知识,是司法实践智慧的重要组成部分.为了提升刑事司法裁判的可接受性,法官常常引入情理进行司法论证.情理的刑事司法论证功能主要体现在三个方面:依据情理进行事实认定,通过情理协调评价规范解释以及诉诸情理论证司法决定.由于法官常常忽视日常生活情理与刑事司法情理之间所存在的差异,情理论证往往呈现出脱离刑法规范体系、不区分刑事司法的论证环节和刑事司法论证不足等难题.为规制情理在刑事司法论证中的应用,需要通过诉讼规则和证据规则等来规范情理论证目标,诉诸罪刑法定原则来检验情理论证的应用思路,依托论证型式解析情理论证蕴含的推理进路.
全面依法治国是体系化的系统工程,其中,有力的法治保障体系是中国特色社会主义法治建设的重要组成部分和基础工程.培养和凝聚法治法律职业共同体,发挥其在法治国家、法治政府和法治社会中的作用,是有力法治保障体系的重要方面.直属于一级法学会的二级法学研究会,作为学术组织、智库组织和行业组织,分别在理论端、问题端和实践端发挥了重要功能,而基于学术标准、实效指标和质性考察对其进行评价,则进一步保障了功能发挥的绩效.运用类型化的方法论重新审视法学会直属研究会功能的载体、样态和评价,可以对其在法律职业共同体建设中不可取代的价值和意义形成深入认识,从而更好服务于中国特色社会主义法治体系建设.
With the appearance of new employment forms,platform operators decompose and reshape the traditional labor process by means of labor chain segmentation,multi-agent authorization,and hidden digital control,which leads to the lack of adaptability between the platform employment mode and the current labor legislation.The traditional labor relationship has been unable to adjust the platform employment relationship,resulting in an imbalance in judicial management.We shall provide concrete rules of management by giving reasonable definition of platform responsibility,standardizing the new employment relationships,thus to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.In view of the digital mechanism of platform employment,the flexibility of labor payment and the self-sufficiency of labor conditions,it is necessary to reconstruct the new employment relations.In judicial judgments,we should break through the limitations of traditional employment contracts,accurately identify multiple employment subjects,clarify the definition rules of labor relationship and incomplete labor relationship,and realize the coordinated and win-win prosperity of new forms of industry as well as protect the legal rights of employees.
城市养犬问题事关社会秩序和民生福祉.当下,越来越多的地方通过立法对不文明养犬行为予以规制.通过采用实证分析的方法对全国现行 124 部城市养犬管理地方性法规文本进行分析发现,当前地方性立法中存在管理模式混乱、职责分工不明、处罚标准不统一等警察权配置失衡的问题.其背后原因是复杂的、多方面的,既有历史因素,也有现实因素;既有主观因素,也有客观因素.在城市养犬管理工作中,既不能出现警察权"缺位",更不能出现警察权"越位".为此,应当统一立法模式,做好立法衔接;确立审慎原则,体现谦抑精神;制定任务清单,划清权力边界;多元协同分工,分步管控处置.
The disruptive potential of the recommendation computing requires the improvement of the com-puting management system,and it is very important to construct the civil liability of abusing the personalized recommendation computing.Civil liabilities for the abuse of personalized recommendation computing by e-com-merce platforms has its technical roots,legal basis and practical requirements.The framework of civil obliga-tions concerning computing can be constructed around three links:data processing,computing modeling and computing output.In terms of responsibility,it is necessary to judge the civil liabilities of personalized recom-mendation computing under the framework of supervision and accountability theory,introduce public interest litigation system to better protect users'rights and interests,and apply the principle of presumption of fault to reduce the burden of plaintiffs.
In order to solve the current dilemma in combating narcotics related crimes,effectively deal with the globalization of narcotics crime,and analyze its development from a global perspective,four trends are found to explain the difficulty in eradicating narcotics related crimes.These four trends include the commer-cialization of crime chain,the socialization of criminal mentality,the diversification of criminal interests,and the complexity of criminal associations.This finding can bridge people's lack of awareness of narcotics and help to improve the pertinence of current anti-narcotics measures.
The reform of the management responsibility of fireworks,the lag of relevant laws and regula-tions and the conflict between provisions,the inconsistency between administration and customs have brought some difficulties to the public security organs'management over fireworks.Among them,the most striking is the restriction from the lag of regulations on the law-enforcement of public security organs.It is a feasible way to promote the improvement of relevant legislation,strengthen the connection among different laws and regula-tions,make up for regulatory loopholes through normative documents,strengthen the research on the technical specifications of fireworks,and promote the deep integration of community policing with fireworks manage-ment.
随着经济的快速发展,涉税犯罪案件日渐增多.涉税犯罪具有明显的趋利性,经济主体为攫取利润可以铤而走险实施违法犯罪.涉税犯罪既是行为人自由选择的结果,也是预防不当的结果.在当前的社会和商业环境下,税务合规已经成为企业经营管理的重要一环,成为企业成功发展的重要保障.通过税务合规的实行可以有效推动企业预防和治理涉税违法犯罪.通过分析企业税务合规的影响因素,制定完善的企业税务合规计划、调整企业税务合规评价标准,可以充分推动企业税务合规,引导企业在利益博弈之下综合治理和改善税务合规的方式,从源头预防涉税违法犯罪,使涉税违法犯罪高发势头得到遏制.
醉驾综合治理是系统性工程,分层治理呈现衔接不畅的特点.以醉驾综合治理的必要性为基点,现行醉驾综合治理呈现出刑事处罚由严厉向轻缓过渡、行政打击力度增强、社会公众意识提高的实践效果.醉驾的国内外司法处置在刑法规制、行刑衔接、社会处置等方面存在不同,当前我国醉驾综合治理存在入罪出罪争议不断、行刑衔接不畅、社会处置方式单一等问题亟待解决.需要进一步通过完善入罪出罪标准、弥合行刑衔接断层、创新多元社会处置方式等举措形成闭环,构建完善的醉驾综合治理模式,为司法实践中办理醉驾型危险驾驶案件提供新思路.
Supervising supervisors have both theoretical and practical necessity.Therefore,the superviso-ry organs have the dual identity of the supervisor and the supervised.Under the supervision system of China,the supervisory organs are faced with not only external supervision from the National People's Congress,the judiciary and public opinion,but also internal supervision.Supervisory organs are familiar with the theory and practice,mode and procedure of supervision,so internal supervision is a direct and clearer way of supervision.At present,the supervisory organs have formed an internal supervision mechanism,consists of the vertical su-pervision from superior organs,and the horizontal supervision from departments in the same level,the real-time supervision on cases and the preventive supervision on staff.The formation of the supervision mechanism has the function of integrating,optimizing the supervision efficiency and forming the institutionalized effect.To further optimize the internal supervision mechanism,it is necessary to improve the information disclosure sys-tem and strengthen the cooperation with other supervision bodies.
交通警察职业的特殊性,导致他们的压力种类、职业紧张水平显著高于普通群众,容易产生心理健康危害.本研究以团体音乐治疗理论和方法为基础,用音乐的听、唱、奏、律动等方式对不同程度职业紧张的交通民警开展团体音乐治疗,经SCL-90 症状量表(SCL-90)和职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对交警干预前后测试结果进行比较分析,发现团体音乐治疗的干预方法,显著降低了交通警察职业紧张的水平,有效实现了体验情绪改善、自我觉察、团队分工、协作支持、感受放松,达到放松减压、强化内心积极情感体验的积极作用,显著提升了他们应对压力、调节情绪的能力.
大数据与法律的加速融合,正在演绎着对传统法律思维的颠覆与创新.大数据证据就是这一融合的重要成果.学界对大数据证据的证明机理存在争议.大数据证据关联性判断已经摆脱传统因果关系思维,表现为先验的关联性.这种先验性体现在数据分析前基于对刑法中危害行为特征的先验认识而构建的算法模型中,即算法模型所需要的专家知识.在构建算法模型过程中有两次惊险的跳跃:行为特征提取与特征模型化.算法模型依据先验认识构建,先验认识所具有的偏差、滞后会带来模型低质、失效风险.相应地应当构建对大数据证据关联性的双重审查标准.行为特征提取具有法律知识的专业性,特征模型化主要使用逻辑思维,这两个步骤应当由法官进行审查.而大数据证据所依靠的规则模型源代码属于电子数据,应当由鉴定机构向法官提交鉴定意见.
