The connection of operation stations in freight electric multiple units(EMUs)is the key link in the transportation organization of high speed rail cargoes.Based on the current railway freight transportation situation,after defining the whole train scheme and main technical parameters of freight EMUs,this paper systematically analyzed the technical conditions for the operation station connection of freight EMUs.For the connection within the depot after reconstructing the motor car depot of high speed railway,the supporting analysis was carried out from four aspects,including the operation station distribution,the effective length of storage lines,the number of loading and unloading lines,and maintenance operation within the depot.With regard to the operation station connection of freight EMUs in high speed railway,the planning and design was conducted on three aspects,including the arrival-departure track grouping,entrance and exit section lines setting,and connection scheme of different station types.For the new high speed railway freight stations,based on the existing freight station theory of ordinary railway and the research on existing freight EMUs,this paper put forward the operation process of freight EMUs and the layout scheme of relevant key station infrastructure.Finally,further research directions are pointed out.The research results can provide some decision-making references for the development of freight EMUs in the future.
To keep pace with the development tendency of rail transit in the extra large-scale"intercity + subway"operational pattern in the new era,this paper combined the development demands of station service operation under the normalization of tens of millions passenger flow,and focused on safe station operation,passenger service improvement,cost reduction,and efficiency enhancement.For the emerging management systems of smart station service,it analyzed the comprehensiveness of system function demands,the compatibility with on-site practical operations,and the disadvantages in organic integration with"mobile management".Meanwhile,the station service of rail transit was reorganized to propose four new function demands adapting to smart station service upgrading and modular management,including station monitoring,information transmission,system control,and on-site dealing.Based on this,a smart station service mobile operation system(SSM OS)was built for urban rail transit.The results show that the proposed mobile operation system will enable stations to have intelligent perception,independent operation,and sound emergency response capabilities.It will provide an efficient and applicable station service operation mode for constructing smart stations of rail transit,helping rail transit enter a new smart era.
Since 2020,the influence of random and regional COVID-19 outbreaks on railway passenger flow cannot be ignored.Based on the XGBoost algorithm,this paper built a prediction model for the recovery rate of inter-city railway passenger flow and employed the recovery rate as the prediction target to quantitatively analyze the pandemic severity and change laws of passenger flow.It provides references for passenger flow prediction and auxiliary decision-making and is of significance for reducing the revenue loss of railway passenger transport.The model conducted a principal component analysis based on attributes including the railway mileage among cities of level II and above,passenger flow among cities,geographical and railway distribution characteristics,and the influencing degree of the pandemic,and dimension compression was performed to obtain new input variables.Additionally,the model selected random data sampling in 2021,divided it into training sets and test sets,adopted five-fold cross-validation,and conducted parameter searches based on the grid search method to obtain the optimal model parameters and predict the recovery rate of the test set.Experiments show that the prediction accuracy of the XGBoost algorithm is higher than that of Naive Bayesian and LightGBM algorithms.
With the deep promoting of urbanization in China,the construction of modern metropolitan areas has been accelerated.Urban(suburban)railways are meeting new development opportunities.However,looking back at the development practice of different areas in the past,there are still many problems in the development of urban(suburban)railways in China,such as supply-demand mismatch,inaccurate development positioning of urban(suburban)railways in some areas,and debt risk caused by a huge subsidy for construction and operation.These affect the sustainable development of urban(suburban)railways,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality development of rail transit and high-level construction of metropolitan areas.At the new development stage,it is urgent to clarify the development ideas and integrate the adaptation of supply and demand relationship,adjustment of development mode,and stimulation of market vitality into the key tasks of promoting the development of urban(suburban)railways.In the meantime,it is necessary to deepen reform in key areas and formulate strong and effective policies in key areas,such as planning,land use,and investment and financing.Finally,it should promote innovative breakthroughs in key projects and realize the high-quality development of urban(suburban)railways in China.
There are many crossings of various operational approaches in the throat area of urban(suburban)railway entrance and exit line junction stations,significantly impacting the throat area carrying capacity.At present,no formula has been proposed for calculating the throat area carrying capacity of this type of station.Therefore,it is essential to conduct research in this area.By conducting a thorough analysis of the operational types and characteristics of urban(suburban)railway entrance and exit line junction stations and comparing them with the throat area carrying capacity calculation formulas for other types of railway stations,the paper proposed a calculation formula applicable to the throat area carrying capacity of this station type.Furthermore,the implementation of the maximum probability approach optimization method and the coordinate calculation method further enhanced the whole process calculation method of the throat area carrying capacity of this station type.At the same time,using the urban yard at Shanghaidong Railway Station as an illustrative case,the study performed further verification and analysis of the calculation method.The calculation process comprehensively incorporates the station's operational characteristics,and the results precisely reflect the actual throat carrying capacity.Consequently,the study offers valuable guidance for the rational use of line transportation capacity and the strategic planning of transportation organization for real-world operations.
With the rapid development of urbanization,the demands for train operation speed and density are continuously increasing.The traditional ground control center control paradigm is constrained by system architecture and can no longer meet new requirements,gradually evolving into a train-centric control architecture.Compared to communication-based train control systems,the shift to a train-centric autonomous system architecture brings about changes in control logic,functions,equipment and interfaces.By analyzing three new core functions and key technologies in train-to-train communication and control,resource management,and environmental state awareness,the new system streamlines control information flow links,simplifies control logic in track sections,and enhanced system performance.The system architecture breaks through previous scale limitations,introducing various formats such as virtual coupling and virtual convoy,thus improving system reliability.Furthermore,system scalability is also enhanced,facilitating system upgrades.In the event of system failures,unmanned and remote handling can be achieved,increasing system reliability while reducing the need for manual operations.
The vigorous development of road-rail intermodal transport is an important measure to promote the low-carbon and green development of the freight industry and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with domestic systemic circulation as the main body.Road-rail intermodal transport is the short board of Shanghai's comprehensive freight system,and it is of practical significance to study the development strategy of road-rail intermodal transport in Shanghai.This paper analyzed the current development situation and problems of road-rail intermodal transport in Shanghai in terms of volume,infrastructure,industrial parks,and logistics parks.According to the requirements of planning documents and the city's own development conditions,six strategies for the development of road-rail intermodal transport were proposed,including building an efficient,intelligent,open,and competitive service platform for road-rail intermodal transport,accelerating the transformation,upgrading,and construction of infrastructure,promoting the deep integration of the layout of road-rail intermodal transport terminals with industrial parks and logistics parks,forming a spatial layout of"three parks with one center"for road-rail intermodal transport centers,industrial parks,and logistics parks,improving the service level of road-rail intermodal transport products,enhancing the price competitiveness of road-rail intermodal transport,innovating the road-rail intermodal transport mode of urban production and living materials,and developing railway e-commerce goods transport business.
Railway passenger volume forecast is a complicated nonlinear problem due to the strong volatility and randomness of the data.In order to solve this problem,a combined forecasting method based on data decomposition was proposed using the monthly national railway passenger volume data from January 1990 to January 2020.Linear fitting and wavelet analysis were used to analyze the trend and period of the railway passenger volume sequence.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method was used to obtain IMFs components and residual components of different scales for the original sequence,which were superimposed and reconstructed by sample entropy approximation.Convolutional neural network-long and short-term neural network(CNN-LSTM)combined forecasting model was used to predict each component and superimpose the predicted results,and the final forecasting results were obtained.The root means square error,mean absolute percentage error,and mean absolute error were used as evaluation indexes to compare EMD-CNN-LSTM with other models.The results show that China's railway passenger volume has a certain trend and periodicity on a monthly scale,and the prediction error of EMD-CNN-LSTM is the smallest compared with other models in the forecasting process.The prediction accuracy is better than other models.
At present,the China Railway Express has become the closest link between China and countries along the"Belt and Road"and a landmark achievement in jointly building the Belt and Road.As an important supporting carrier for the operation and the basic elements affecting the high-quality operation,China Railway Express stations have gradually revealed problems in transport organization and increasingly become a bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of China Railway Express.Combined with the actual investigation of Zhengzhou Railway Container Central Station,on the basis of combing the export process of China Railway Express in detail,this paper constructed a stochastic Petri net model to analyze its performance,diagnosed the problems in the export operation process of China Railway Express,put forward the optimization scheme from multi-level and multi-dimension,and compared the operation before and after optimization.The result shows that the optimized operation cycle time is reduced by 37.79%,and the probability of congestion in each link is greatly reduced.The operation efficiency and service quality of the station are improved by changing the process structure and process rate,so as to make the export operation process of China Railway Express more efficient and convenient.
Building Information Modeling(BIM)is a data-based tool applied in engineering design,construction and management.During the high speed railway construction process,the implementation of BIM technology in engineering design and project construction management has played an important role in optimizing engineering design,enhancing construction organization,saving costs and reducing construction duration.However,research and exploration in the railway operation and maintenance stage are not deep enough.The study selected the Jiningbei-Juyebei"three stations and two intervals"in the Qufu-Heze section of the Rizao-Lankao High Speed Railway as its research subject to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the requirements during the high speed railway operation and maintenance stage.BIM technology was utilized as the primary means of implementation,establishing"a set of standards",applying"one set of data",and constructing"an integrated platform".By integrating GIS and Beidou technology and focuing on research related to BIM delivery standards,equipment management interfaces,joint testing and commissioning,as well as platform construction and application development,the study puts forward a complete technical program for BIM data handover,platform construction,and intelligent operation and maintenance.This is of certain guiding significance for the transition of BIM technology from the construction stage to the operation and maintenance stage of high speed railways.
Because of the high utilization efficiency of transport capacity and a wide range of passenger flow radiation,the nested rail route has great significance for improving the organization and management of urban rail transit operations.Existing studies of the nested rail route are generally based on the multiple relationships between the departure frequency of different trains or the same interval between train departures within a set unit time period(often one hour or more),which makes it difficult to resolve the contradiction between transport capacity supply and time-varying passenger flow demand.According to the OD demand of the passenger flow in different periods based on differential passenger behaviors,this paper constructed a comprehensive optimization model of the routing plan and timetable in the nested rail route mode,designed a hierarchical optimization algorithm,and used an example to verify that the maximum full load rate of the optimized line has dropped by 0.397;the full load rate balance has dropped by 15.5%,and the optimization effect of interval with a full load rate of more than 0.8 is 100%.This helps to improve the adaptability of transport capacity to time-varying passenger flows and realize high-quality and fast transport service.
Chengdu and Chongqing are key bearing cities of the national logistics hub,and accelerating the formation of supply chain hubs for a wider market is of significance to enhancing the sustainable growth of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.By employing the theory and model of system dynamics,this paper explored the influence of supply chain hub on economic development from the three dimensions of logistics supply and demand,industrial structure,and GDP.The research results are as follows.①The supply chain hub will continuously improve the logistics supply capacity and logistics demands in the Chengdu-Chongqing region.②The proportion decrease in the primary industry and the increase in the secondary and tertiary industries will lead to growing logistics demands.③After the total regional GDP increases by 10%,logistics demands rise at an average annual rate of 11.56%.④The self-growth coefficient of logistics capacity has a significant positive effect on the logistics supply capacity.⑤From 2020 to 2022,the influence of the Chengdu-Chongqing supply chain hub on regional GDP will increase by an annual average of 13.43%,while from 2023 to 2025,it will increase by an annual average of 9.78%.Finally,the operation suggestions for the Chengdu-Chongqing supply chain hub were proposed from three aspects of promoting the transportation development,adjusting the industrial structure,and building the hub economy.
China railway transport income settlement rule has been adjusted and improved many times with the development of the national economy,promotion of China railway reform,advancement of technology,and deepness of understanding settlement rules.Substantive changes in each adjustment reflect not only the objective requirements of the varying economic environment but also the actual needs of railway reform development.At the same time,it also benefits from the support of continuously developed information technology.This paper summarized the evolution and experience of China railway transport income settlement rules in four periods and 13 stages.From the aspects of adhering to fairness and justice,market-oriented rule of law,and integration of industry and finance,the paper proposed the principles that should be followed in optimizing the railway transport income settlement rule.Combined with the requirements of railway market-oriented reform,the paper put forward the thinking of improving the market-oriented railway transport settlement system from the aspects of clarifying the function positioning of settlement method,improving the pricing and adjustment mechanism of settlement unit price,paying attention to the coordinated development of carriers and service enterprises,etc.
Since 2016,the freight volume of China Railway Taiyuan Group Co.,Ltd.has continued to grow rapidly,and the annual volume of transport has increased from 510 million tons to 770 million tons in 2022.With the increasing volume,the main factors restricting China Railway Taiyuan Group Co.,Ltd.from increasing the freight volume have changed from sufficient demand and shortage of railway capacity supply to insufficient demand and shortage of key line capacity in stages.In view of the target of 850 million tons per year at the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan Period,there are many problems in supply guarantee,channel capacity,and organizational mode.Through the analysis of the current transport situation and subsequent development situation of China Railway Taiyuan Group Co.,Ltd.,this paper found the bottleneck points restricting freight volume increment.Based on the backbone of coal transport from west to east,combined with railway construction planning of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.and China Railway Taiyuan Group Co.,Ltd.in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period,this paper put forward the optimization and improvement measures based on research from stabilizing the market share in Dingxi City and Hexi Region of Gansu Province and Xihaigu Region of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,improving the utilization rate of existing equipment capacity,stabilizing Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway capacity,increasing Watang-Rizhao Railway capacity,actively implementing capacity expansion and renovation projects,and integrating with a new channel of the railway network,so as to increase freight volume and income and make contributions to national guarantee.
Train working diagrams are core of train transportation organization plan and effective measures to ensure the safety and efficiency of railway transportation.As the development of increasingly expanding scale of railway network,diversity of passenger and freight transport demand,the train working diagrams compilation work is moving towards normalization.This paper constructed a new generation of the train working diagram compilation system using cloud platform technology system to improve the efficiency and quality of the train working diagram compilation system and enhance its automation,intellectualization,and informatization.The system design was analyzed from the aspects of overall structure,technical architecture,and network architecture.Through the cloud platform,the system enabled interconnection,communication,and resource sharing between upstream and downstream systems.Key technologies such as instant cloud synchronization of timetable data,real-time calculation of scheduling indicators,real-time backup and redundancy of scheduling data,large-scale collaborative scheduling,and integrated scheduling terminal based on distributed peer-to-peer network were researched and developed.Core functional modules covering the entire business process of scheduling business were established.The new generation of the train working diagram compilation system is of great significance for improving the level of information and intelligence in diagram compilation.
Evaluation of standard construction of railway transportation stations and depots can realize objective and scientific judgment of standard construction level.It plays a very important role in understanding and improving the level of railway transportation station and depot operation organization.Existing evaluation methods of standard construction of railway transportation stations and depots are not able to accurately identify and diagnose short boards in standard construction of transportation stations and depots.A standard evaluation process for railway transportation stations and depots was designed based on data self-collection.An evaluation method of standard construction of railway transportation stations and depots was proposed based on AHP-FCE.A set of evaluation indexes including safety management,quality management,operation efficiency,workload,and general management were proposed to achieve high safety,quality,and efficiency.The case study shows that the constructed index weight judgment matrix has a good consistency,and the average method based on several weight calculation models can more accurately calculate the index weight.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can effectively combine quantitative calculation and qualitative calculation.The research can provide effective support for evaluating the standard construction of railway transport stations and depots.
Approach locking is a way to ensure railway operation safety.For the trains with different speed levels,the existing approach locking methods uniformly set the approach section length as a fixed value,which ignores the differences in the train control levels,speeds,and braking performance to cause excessive occupation of station resources and affect the station passing capacity.Based on the calculation methods of approach locking sections and the relationship between trigger time for automatic routing and approach sections,this paper proposed a variable approach locking method by considering train traction calculation and routing handling process of high speed railway as key factors.This method added necessary hardware equipment to make the station set the approach locking length and trigger routing handling time according to the train status information.Simulation experiments conducted by taking a station as an example show that the proposed method can improve the station passing capacity,and increase the passing capacity of the throat area by up to 85 trains and the passing capacity of the arrival-departure track by up to 32 trains.
With the rapid development of urban rail transit,automatic inspection equipment is gradually introduced into urban rail train maintenance operations to relieve manual maintenance pressure and improve maintenance efficiency.However,the inspection equipment is often disconnected.Information islands exist,and inspection results are isolated from each other,with a large number of duplications and false alarms.Maintenance staff will consume a lot of time to confirm the alarm point.A new intelligent inspection technology solution was proposed that combined the trackside inspection equipment and the depot inspection robot.After the train was inspected by the trackside inspection equipment without stopping when entering the depot,the robot would detect the train when it was parked in the depot.At the same time,the alarm results of trackside equipment were verified.The pilot application shows that the comprehensive inspection accuracy of the new intelligent inspection system is greatly improved compared with the original individual inspection method.The operation time and the fault review time of workers are greatly reduced.This technology has the advantages of wide coverage,more detailed inspection content,and better efficiency.It can realize closed-loop management of the entire urban rail train maintenance process,improve quality,reduce costs,and increase efficiency.
Flexible marshalling,as a brand-new technology for flexible organization and operation of urban rail transit,aims to solve the problems of high-density operation of large groups of passengers at peak hours and high-density operation of small groups at flat peaks under the same train interval of the same line equipped with different capacity at different time and areas.The flexible marshalling technical scheme can cope with the passenger flow risk,relieve the peak transportation pressure,improve the operation efficiency and service level of the flat peak,and save the operation energy consumption and operation cost.The key technology of flexible marshalling is coupling/uncoupling technology.From the perspective of rail transit operation requirements and the capability characteristics of fully automatic operation system,this paper analyzed the core specialties such as driving ability,vehicle interface,civil engineering reservation conditions,platform door layout,and signal system and designed a safe and feasible coupling/uncoupling technical scheme,which solved the main difficulties in flexible organization and operation of urban rail transit and provided detailed and feasible design case reference for building safe and economical rail transit and promoting the development of energy-saving green rail transit.
Security inspections,as a crucial entry point for passengers at railway,directly impact the safety of railway operations.To effectively identify potential safety hazards,a simple and accurate model for predicting the danger level of personnel and objects has been developed.Firstly,criteria for categorizing the danger levels of personnel and objects were proposed,classifying them into different levels.Secondly,by introducing the Local Search(LS),a BP neural network model based on the improved Local Search Beetle Antennae Search(LSBAS)was established to enhance the algorithm's search accuracy.Additionally,preventive and control measures for personnel and objects of different danger levels were provided.Finally,the LSBAS-BP model was simulated and tested.The results demonstrate that the improved LSBAS algorithm has higher search accuracy compared with the traditional BAS algorithm.Furthermore,the BP neural network model optimized using the LSBAS algorithm outperforms BP,BAS-BP,and GA-BP in terms of performance and robustness.
