Objective:To investigate the synergetic inhibitory effect of aaptamine and cisplatin(DDP)on the DDP resistant human lung cancer A549/DDP cells,and to clarify its possible molecular mechanism.Methods:The A549/DDP cells in logarithmic phase were selected and cultured with different concentrations of aaptamine and DDP for 48 h;the medium inhibitory concentrations(IC50)of aaptamine and DDP were detected by CCK-8 assay;the combination index(CI)of aaptamine and DDP were analyzed by Chou-Talalay method and the optimal combination concentrations were confirmed. The cells were divided into control group,aaptamine group(5 mg·L-1),DDP group(1 mg·L-1),and combination group(5 mg·L-1 aaptamine +1 mg·L-1 DDP). The proliferation activities of cells in various groups were detected by CCK-8 assay. The number of clones of the cells in various groups was determined by clonal formation assay. The migration abilities of the cells in various groups were detected by scratch assay. The apoptotic rates of cells in various groups were detected by double-staining flow cytometry. Western blotting method was performed to detect the expression levels of resistance-related proteins in the cells in various groups. Results:The IC50 values of aaptamine and DDP for the A549/DDP cells were 19. 45 mg·L-1 and12. 86 mg·L-1,respectively. Co-treatment with aaptamine and DDP produced a synergistic effect at any selected concentrations in the A549/DDP cells. The proliferation assay results showed that compared with control group,aaptamine group and DDP group,the proliferation activity of the cells in combination group was decreased(P<0. 01). The clone formation assay results showed that compared with control group,aaptamine group and DDP group,the number of clones in combination group was decreased(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The scratch assay results showed that compared with control group,aaptamine group and DDP group,the migration rate of cells in combination group was decreased significantly(P<0. 01). The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,aaptamine group and DDP group,the apoptotic rate of A549/DDP cells in combination group was markedly increased(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,aaptamine group and DDP group,the expression level of resistance related proteins ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2)in the cells in combination group was decreased(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Compared with control group,the expression level of excision repair cross complementing group 1(ERCC1) protein in combination group was decreased(P<0. 05).Conclusion:Aaptamine has a synergistic inhibitory effect with DDP in the A549/DDP cells and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting proliferation,inducing apoptosis and decreasing the expression levels of resistance-related proteins ABCG2 and ERCC1.
Objective:To investigate the changes of expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and downstream factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum in the children with asthma, and to explore their significances on assessing the condition of the children.Methods:A total of 176cases of children with asthma were divided into acute exacerbation group (n=91) , chronic persistent group (n=49) and clinical remission group (n=36) according to the clinical manifestation.During the same period, 60healthy children were selected from the outpatient physical examination center as control group.The pulmonary function of children was checked with lung function instrument.The expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the subjects in various groups were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR.The serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18of the subjects in various groups were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results:Compared with control group, the forced expiratory volume in 1second percentage of predicted value (FEV1％) and fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of the children in acute exacerbation, chronic persistent and clinical remission groups were decreased (P＜0.05) ;acute exacerbation group＜chronic persistent group＜clinical remission group, and there were significant differences between various groups (P＜0.05) .The levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18in the children with asthma were higher than those in control group (P＜0.01) .The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the children in acute exacerbation group were higher than those in chronic persistent and clinical remission groups (P＜0.05) , and the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in chronic persistent group were higher than those in clinical remission group (P＜0.05) .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression level of NLRP3mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic children was positively correlated with the expression levels of ASC, Caspase-1 mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC;the expression level of ASC mRNA was positively correlated with the expression level of Caspase-1mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) ;the expression level of Caspase-1 mRNA was positively correlated with the expression level of Caspase-1mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) ;the serum level of IL-1βwas negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) , and the serum level of IL-18was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:The expression levels of NLRP3inflammasome and the downstream factor IL-1βand IL-18in peripheral blood of the children with asthma are increased, and they are related to the clinical stage of the children with asthma.NLRP3inflammasome pathway might promote the pathogenesis of asthma in the children.
Objective:To study the inhibitory effects of andrographolide (Andro) on the proliferation,migration and clone formation ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and the induction on the apoptosis,and to clarify their related mechanisms.Methods:The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (5,10,20,40 and 80 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0μmol · L 1 Andro group was used as blank control group,MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation rates of RCC cells in various groups.The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (0.50,1.25 and 2.50 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0 μmol · L 1Andro group was used as blank control group.Clonogenic assays was used to detect the colony formation ability of RCC cells in various groups.The RCC cells were treated with different concentrations (10,20and 40 μmol · L-1) of Andro as experimental groups,and 0 μmol · L-1 Andro group was used as blank control group.Wound healing assay was used to detect the migration ability of RCC cells in various groups.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in various groups.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins in RCC cells in various groups.Results:Compared with blank control group,the proliferation rates of RCC cells in 10,20,40 and 80 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the colony formation rates of RCC cells in 0.50 and 1.25μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the scratch healing rates of RCC cells in 10,20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly decreased (P＜0.01),and the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 Andro groups were markedly increased (P＜0.01).Compared with blank control group,the expression level of γ-H2AX protein in 40μmol · L-1 Andro group was markedly increased (P＜0.01),the expression level of Caspase-8 protein was decreased (P＜0.05),and the expression level of cleaved Caspase-8 protein was markedly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Andro can effectively suppress the proliferation,migration and colony formation ability of RCC cells and induce the apoptosis of RCC cells.The mechanism of apoptosis might be related to inducing the DNA damage and the apoptotic pathways induced by JNK / H2AX and Caspase-8.
Objective:To prepare the multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vancomycin (VAN), and to study in vitro release characteristics.Methods:The microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking and self-assembly techniques.The effects of sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, oil/water ratio and span80 concentration on the entrapment efficiency(EE) and drug loading(DL) of VEGF and VAN were investigated by orthogonal experimental design to optimize the preparation process.The surface morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Self-assembly was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR).The EE, DL and in vitro release of VEGF and VAN were detected by ELISA double antibody sandwich method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and the cumulative release curve was drawn.Results:The prepared microspheres were yellowish brown powder.The SEM results showed that the microspheres were spherical, the surface was smoothy, and the dispersity was better.The average particle size was about 50 μm.Sodium alginate concentration of 1.0 g·mL-1, CaCl2 concentration of 8 g·mL-1, oil to water ratio of 3∶1, and span80 concentration of 2% were the best formula.The EE of VEGF and VAN were 49.63% and 16.67%, respectively.In vitro, the cumulative release last 16.5 d and 12.5 d respectively and the amount reached up to 95%.Conclusion:The multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading VEGF and VAN present several advantages, such as smaller particle size, higher EE and better controlled release.
Objective:To investigate the effect of Manchu medicine north-Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide (NSCP) on the human neutrophils treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cultivated in vitro,and to elucidate its anti inflammatory mechanism.Methods:The neutrophilic inflammatory cell model was established with LPS.The experiment included control group,LPS group (1.0 mg · L-1) and NSCP group (1.25,2.50 and 5.00 g · L-1),the cells in NSCP group were first treated with LPS for 60 min,and then treated with different concentrations of NSCP.The levels of TNF-α in neutrophils were measured with ELISA and the apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The level of TNF-a in LPS group was increased compared with control group (P＜0.05).The level of TNF-α in NSCP group was decreased compared with LPS group (P＜0.05).The apoptotic rate in LPS group was decreased compared with control group (P＜0.05);the apoptotic rates in NSCP group were increased with the increasing of time and dose,and the best effect was found 16 h after treatment with 5 g · L-1NSCP:the apoptotic rate in NSCP group was significantly increased compared with LPS group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:NSCP can perform the anti-inflammation effect through the suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in neutrophils and the promotion of neutrophils apoptosis.
Objective:To screen the proteins interacting with the human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)UL132 protein from the human fetus brain cDNA library by using Yeast Two-Hybrid System, and to elucidate the possible mechanism of UL132 protein in congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Methods:The HCMV UL132 fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction,the amplified HCMV UL132 fragment and expression vector pGBKT7 were digested and purified,and the HCMV UL132 fragment was linked to the vector pGBKT7.The pGBKT7-UL132 was constructed and transformed to yeast AH109, then the Human Fetal Brain DNA Library DNA was transformed into AH109 yeast.Using HCMV UL132 as abait, a human fetus brain cDNA was screened and the proteins interacting with UL132 protein were searched, the positive clone was sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Results:The bait expression vector pGBKT7-UL132 was successfully constructed.The results of double enzyme digestion showed that there were two visible bands of 800 and 7 000 bp, respectively.After transformation of library plasmid, the transformation efficiency was calculated, and the transformation efficiency was 6.6×103 cfu· μg-1.There were 95 blue clones by X-gal coloration reactionsequencing and there were 10 clones interacting with the protein encoded by UL141 protein.The BLAST analysis showed that 7 of them were highly homologous with CAML.Conclusion:CAML might be one interaction protein with HCMV UL132 in Human Fetus Brain cDNA Library,suggesting that the interaction may be associated with the invasion and proliferation of the HCMV.
Objective:To probe the therapeutic effects of Butylphthalide Injection in the elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and its influence in cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral vascular reserve (CVR),and to clarify the pharmacological action mechanism of butylphthalide in treatment of ACI.Methods:A total of 100 cases of elderly patients with ACI were selected as the subjects and divided into observation group and control group according to the serial number on admission.Fifty cases were included in each group.The patients in control group were treated with the conventional treatment, while the patients in observation group were treated with Butylphthalide Injection on the basis of the conventional treatment.The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the brain hemodynamics indexes of the peak velocity (Vp), the mean velocity (Vm) and the differences of the velocity (DVp, DVm) as well as pulsatility index (PI), CVR of bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)of the patients in two groups were observed and compared.The therapeutic effects of the patients in two groups were evaluated and compared.Results:The NIHSS score of the patients in observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that in control group (t=15.420, P<0.05).The therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the patients in observation group were significantly better than those in control group (U=2.225, χ2=5.005, P<0.05).The Vp and Vm of the patients in observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those in control group(t=10.819,t=7.259, P<0.05)and the DVp and DVm were significantly lower than those in control group (t=16.438,t=19.055, P<0.05).The CVR of the patients in observation group after treatment was significantly higher than that in control group(t=6.884, P<0.05)and the PI was significantly lower than that in control group (t=4.979, P<0.05).Conclusion:Butylphthalide Injection can effectively correct the abnormality of brain hemodynamics in the ACI patients, enhance the ability of body in maintaining the stability of cerebral vascular perfusion, improve the neurological symptoms in the patients with ACI, and improve the therapeutic effects.
Objective:To investigate the influence of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the expressions of Caveolin-1 and Clathrin Heavy Chain proteins in organ tissues of the rats, and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, and low,medium and high doses of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle groups by weights.24 h after tail vein injection of different doses of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the organ tissues were obtained.Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of Caveolin-1 and Clathrin Heavy Chain proteins in the main organ tissues of the rats.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to measure the expressions of Caveolin-1 and Clathrin Heavy Chain mRNA.Results:Compared with control group,the expressions levels Clathrin Heavy Chain protein and mRNA in liver and spleen tissues of the rats in medium and high doses groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).The expression level of Clathrin Heavy Chain mRNA in kidney tissue in high dose group was higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The Caveolin-1 expression levels in the organ tissues of rats had no statistical differences between various groups (P>0.05).Compared with control group,the Caveolin-1 mRNA expression levels in liver, spleen, and lung tissues of the rats in low,medium and high doses groups were significantly increased (P<0.05);there were no statistical differences in the expression levels in kidney tissue of the rats between various groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles could enhance the expressions of Clathrin Heavy Chain in the liver, spleen, and lung tissues of the rats.Endocytosis of Clathrin Heavy Chain protein is one way for magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the liver, lung, spleen cells of the rats.
In order to solve the problems of fuzziness and randomness in the division of congestion state in metro transfer hub,an identification method of pedestrian crowding degree factor is proposed based on normal cloud model.First,the connotation and the measure standard of the pedestrian crowding degree are analyzed,and according to their boundary value under different service level the digital characteristics of the cloud are calculated.Second,the cloud synthesis theory is applied to establish the template cloud corresponding to different service levels,and the survey data(pedestrian speed,flow etc.)are input into the cloud generator in order to set up the identification cloud model.Third,according the definition of cloud similarity,the similarity between the identified cloud and the template cloud in the infrastructure(e.g.channel,stairs)is calculated.Moreover,the crowding degree is defined independently,which is described in a quantificational level under the state of crowding degree in the metro transfer hub,and the method to identify the pedestrian crowding degree is given.The method is verified by a case study in a metro transfer hub in Xi'an.Results show that the pedestrian crowding degree in the channel 100.095,which is in the crowding state,the pedestrian crowding degree in the stair is 100.273,which is also in the crowded state.This method can not only accurately identify the crowded state quantificationally,but also reflect the change process of pedestrian crowding degree,which has strong practicality.
Considering that the traditional programming language fails to use multicore processors to calculate conveniently and effectively,aparallel programming language is proposed and its core semantics and the relative algorithms of its runtime environment are defined.This language with Picalculus as its theoretical foundation first defines the core syntactic structure of the language based on the basic structure of Pi-calculus,and then defines the core operating semantics on the basis of synchronous communication in Pi-calculus process.This paper also defines the context of process in parallel operating semantics and designs the main data structure,which consists of overall architecture in operating and scheduling algorithms based on synchronous communication and garbage collection algorithm based on reference count.Therefore,the proposed parallel programming language is capable of using multicore processors to calculate sources easily and effectively.
Objective:To explore the protective effect of soluble protein B7-H4 on the immune liver injury,and to clarify its action mechanism.Methods:The isopropyl glucosinolate galactose glucoside(IPTG)was used to induce the expression of pET/mB7-H4.Through purification and renaturation and removing endotoxin,bioactive soluble mB7-H4 protein was obtained.The mice were randomly divided into normal saline(control)group,Con A group,100μg mB7-H4 protein group,200μg mB7-H4 protein group and 400μg mB7-H4 protein group.The mice in all groups except control group were injected with Con A by tail vein to establish liver injury models.By tail intravenous injection,the mice in 100μg mB7-H4 protein group,200μg mB7-H4 protein group and 400μg mB7-H4 protein group were injected with 50,100 and 200μg soluble mB7-H4 protein 2hbefore ConA injection and 8h after Con A injection.24 and 48hafter injection of Con A,the eyeball blood of the mice was collected and the liver was obtained after the mice was killed;the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase(ALT),alanine aminotransferase(AST),interleukin 4(IL-4)and gamma interferon(IFN-γ)of the mice were detected.The pathological changes the liver tissue were determined.Results:Compared with control group,the levels of serum ALT,AST,IL-4and IFN-γof the mice in other groups were significantly increased(P0.05).Compared with Con A group,the levels of serum ALT,AST,IL-4and IFN-γof the mice in mB7-H4 protein groups were significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01).The HE staining results showed that the liver injury degree in mBT-H4 protein groups is improved compared with Con A group.Conclusion:The soluble B7-H4 protein has protective effect on the immune injury of liver induced by Con A by inhibiting the secretion of IL-4and IFN-γ.
Objective:To investigate the protective effects of schizandra B(SchB)on the injury of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells induced by glutamic acid(Glu),and to clarify its influence in ATR signaling pathway.Methods:The SH-SY5 Y cells were divided into control group,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group,model group,SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group.The SH-SY5 Y cells in control group were untreated;the SH-SY5 Ycells in DMSO group were treated with DMSO(17mmol·L-1)for 24h;the SH-SY5 Y cells in model group were treated with Glu(20mmol·L-1)for 24 h.The SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group were firstly pretreated with SchB(0.1μmol· L-1)for 24 h,and exposed to20mmol·L-1 Glu for 24 hat the same time.The survival rate of SH-SY5 Ycells was detected by MTT assay,and the changes of cell cycle of SH-SY5 Ycells were determined by flow cytometry.Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expressions.Results:The MTT detection results showed that compared with model group,the survival rates of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB1 group,SchB2 group,and SchB3 group were increased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the survival rate in SchB2 group was the highest(P0.01),the SchB2 group was selected as SchB group for the following experiment.The cell cycle detection results showed that the percentage of SH-SY5 Ycells in model group at G0/G1 phage was decreased(P0.05);compared with control group,the percentages of SH-SY5 Ycells in model group at S phage and G2/M phage were increased(P0.05);compared with model group,the percentage of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB group at G0/G1 phage was increased(P0.05),and the percentages of SH-SY5 Ycells in SchB group at S phage and G2/M phage were decreased(P0.05).The Western blotting detection results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of ATR,pCHK1,p-Cdc25 cand P53proteins in the SH-SY5 Ycells in model group were increased(P0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of ATR,p-CHK1,p-Cdc25 cand P53proteins in the SH-SY5 Ycell in SchB group were decreased(P0.05).Conclusion:SchB could protect the damage of SH-SY5 Ycells by GLu,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the ATR signaling pathway and reducing the cell cycle arrest.
To solve the transmission delay exorbitant problem in P2 Plive streaming system,we develop a dynamic layering model based on the uploading bandwidth of peers,and introduce its quantitative basis and method of the initialization and dynamic adjustment.Based on this model,we propose a new parallel transmission algorithm.Meanwhile,each layer of the peers generates seeds at geometric growth rate and transmits them to the lower layer continuously.In mathematical modeling analysis,when the parallel transmission algorithm divides the data content into sufficient units,the total time unit and average time unit costs for transmitting the data content to all the peers are better than the existing transmission algorithm.
Objective:To observe the conscious disturbance recovery in the patients with traumatic multiple intracranial hematoma(TMIH)after standard trauma craniectomy(STC),and to explore its value in the treatment of TMIH.Methods:The clinical data of TMIH patients with surgical treatments in 2014 were collected.The patients who dead within one month after surgery,could not be contacted or diagnosed with space-occupying lesions were excluded.According to surgical procedures,the patients were classified as STC group and control group(conventional craniotomy surgery).For each group,10 cases were randomly selected. Using repeated measurement of variance analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test,the changes of Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores were analyzed before operation and 24 h,1 week,1 month after operation.Results:There were significant changes of GCS at different time points(P 0.05)by the comprehensive analysis of postoperative time factor and operation factor,which meaned that GCS showed a trend of gradual increase,along with the postoperative time prolongation.The postoperative time factor showed improvement effect on the GCS score,but there was no significant difference in GCS scores between different operation methods(P 0.05).The GCS score overall recovery trend of different operative methods was the same,but at different time points the GCS score recovery had differences between the different operative methods.By Wilcoxon rank sum test analysis,the rates of GCS score changes were significantly different in STC group and control group(P0.01)at the time points of 24 hand 1week after operation.But there was no significant difference in the GCS score change between two groups 1month after operation(P0.05).Conclusion:Compared with conventional craniotomy surgery,STC has significant effect on the recovery of conscious disturbance 7dafter operation;but STC has no effect on the recovery of conscious disturbance of the patients 1month after operation.
Objective:To explore the regular variation pattern of tumor volumes of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after targeting treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI),and to clarify its clinical value.Methods:The materials of 39 NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI targeting treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor volumes were detected by volume measurement software of TPS and Image J image processing software,then the absolute and relative tumor volume changes of the NSCLC patients before and after targeting treatment were analyzed by paired sample comparison symbol Wilcoxon rank test. Results:The absolute tumor volumes (mm3 )of the patients with NSCLC before and 1 month after targeting treatment were 14 822.11 (7 524.73,54 999.41)and 7 954.42 (3 499.73,29 396.83),respectively, and there was statistically significant difference (Z=-3.257,P=0.001);the absolute tumor volumes of the patients with NSCLC 1 and 2 months after targeting treatment were 8 358.47 (4 394.36,24 430.05)and 7 028.76 (3 634.98,21 056.71),respectively,and there also was statisticaliy significant difference (Z=-2.213,P=0.027).When the original tumor volume before targeting treatment was regarded as 1,the relative tumor volume of 1 month after targeting theatment was 0.612 6 (0.313 8,0.853 7),and there was significant difference (Z=-3.855,P<0.001);the relative tumor volumes of 1 month and 2 months after targeting treatment were 0.608 4 (0.364 3,1.044 3)and 0.423 0 (0.248 8,0.877 7),respectively,and there also was statistically significant differernce (Z=-2.173,P=0.030);but the differences between other consecutive months (from 3 months to 6 months)had no statistically significant differences (P>0.05);the changes of tumor relative volume presented platform stage after 3 months.The tumor relative volumes of 7-9 months after EGFR-TKI treatment reached the bottom.Conclusion:The average primary tumor volume of the NSCLC patients is obviously reduced 1 and 2 months after TKI targeting treatment. It may be optimal to carry out radiotherapy in 3-9 months after EGFR-TKI targeting treatment.
The reliability of the pavement structure under Freeze-Thaw(F-T)cycles is studied based on simulation test,in which various uncertainties of influence factors are taken into account.The impact of F-T cycles in Qinghai-Tibet cold region is simulated by F-T cycle test,and the reliability function of the asphalt pavement structure is built.Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to solve the reliability function.Analytical results show that the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixture declines under F-T cycles,the mixture performance decreases sharply in the initial F-T cycles and turns to gentle after 8to 10F-T cycles.The F-T cycle has significant impact on the reliability of the pavement structure,which decreases as F-T cycles increase.The reliability of the pavement structure also decreases as the coefficient of variance increases.An analysis method of the reliability of pavement structure under F-T cycles is proposed,which is useful to reflect the actual impact of F-T cycles on pavement performance in cold region.
The timing errors in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),which occur when the first path is not the strongest one in the multipath fading channel,would incur a high probability of miss detection.To solve this problem,a timing synchronization algorithm was proposed,which can be used to exploit the cycle-right-shift property of channel impulse response to estimate precisely the first path delay.In this algorithm,first,the delay of the strongest path was estimated through coarse synchronization.Then,the channel impulse response was obtained using the Least Square(LS)algorithm,based on which the location of each path was determined according to the difference in a sliding window.Finally,the first path was detected using the adaptive threshold approach.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,compared with the existing methods,the proposed algorithm can decrease the probability of miss detection and improve the system timing performance.
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and the relative apparent diffusion coefficient(rADC)in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions in diffusion weighed imaging(DWI).Methods:One hundred twenty-three females with suspected breast lesions who underwent breast MRI examination and proved by pathology and surgery were included in this study.The axial DWI,sagittal T2 WI and dynamic contrast enhanced(DCE)scan were performed.With reference to the location and size of lesions on the DCE image,the regions of interest(ROI)were placed in the lesions and their adjacent normal gland regions(more than 2cm to the lesion).The ADC values of corresponding regions were recorded,and the standardized rADC values were calculated.The mean values of ADC and rADC between benign and malignant breast lesions were compared.The optimal threshold values of ADC and rADC in differentiation between benign and malignant lesions were defined based on receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Their diagnostic efficiency in breast lesions were assessed by comparing the area under curve(AUC).Results:Among the 134 lesions,the mean ADC values of 84 malignant lesions and 50 benign lesions were(1.04 ± 0.26) × 10-3 and(1.60 ±0.40)×10-3 mm2·s-1,respectively.The mean ADC value of 134 ROI in the normal,glands was(1.89±0.31)×10-3 mm2·s-1.The ADC value of malignant lesions was significantly lower than those of benign lesion and normal gland tissues(P0.01).The mean rADC values of malignant lesions and benign lesion were 0.59±0.18 and 0.83±0.30,respectively;the rADC value of malignant lesion was lower than that of benign lesion(P0.01).When the ADC cutoff value of 1.22×10-3 mm2·s-1 was selected,its sensitivity and specificity were86.0% and 84.50%,respectively;its AUC was 0.89.While the rADC cutoff value of 0.80 was selected,its sensitivity and specificity were 74.0% and 75.0%,respectively;its AUC was 0.80.The AUC of standardized rADC was lower than that of unstandardized ADC(P0.05).Conclusion:Quantitative analysis of ADC and rADC values is an efficient method for differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.The standardized rADC value does not improve the diagnostic efficiency of ADC value.
Contingent Valuation Method(CVM),one of the most widely used methods to estimate non-market goods,was introduced to quantify the crowding costs in bus,which is an important part of the total costs of bus trip.With the goal of utility maximization,the relationship between the crowding costs and Value of Time(VOT)was deduced from the concept of willingness to pay.To further establish the model of the crowding costs and load factors,the relationship between VOT and load factors was analyzed and improved based on the existing models.Meanwhile,in accordance with the questionnaire data in Hangzhou city,the relevant parameters were obtained using the binary Probit model.Then,the crowding costs were quantified under different crowding conditions.The results show that the crowding costs are nonlinear,when the load factor is greater than 2.0the crowding cost is one third of the total costs of bus trip.
The elastic moduli of bulk materials were determined by means of four-point bending test on a selfdeveloped small size four-point bending device.Using a displacement sensor,the method can automatically measure the displacement of the inner support rather than the mild-span of the specimen during loading process.After the calibration of the frame compliance of the device,the elastic moduli of machinable glass ceramic,6061 Al alloy,c11000 Cu alloy and K9 optical glass were measured using the proposed method and the results coincide with the standard values of the materials.The proposed four-point bending test method is simple and can be used to measure the elastic moduli of bulk materials.
