The publication and ongoing research of the Chu bamboo slips,such as those discovered at the Baoshan and Xincai sites,have revealed that dog sacrificial ritual existed in the Chu culture.Through juxtaposing a textual analysis of related sacrificial records in Chu bamboo slips with related literature research and archaeological discoveries,this article further clarifies the content and specific rites of the dog sacrificial ritual in the Chu state.The authors point out that the phenomenon of using dog for road offering and door offering existed in the Shang period shows a high extent of similarity with the context,background,and specific rites revealed by the dog sacrificial ritual in the Chu culture.Also,the grammatic structures of dog sacrificial records in bamboo slips mirror oracle bones divination records.These patterns indicate that the Shang dog sacrificial rituals might have been an important origin for the dog sacrificial rituals in the Chu culture.
Cupstone is a kind of stone tools commonly found in prehistoric South China.However,no consensus has yet been reached regarding the using methods and their function.This paper casts new lights on the issue based on the large quantity of cupstones that were unearthed from the Zengpiyan cave site in Guilin.Through the observation and analysis of types,color,texture,volume,and weight,along with use-wear traces on surfaces,this study provides important data for further understanding the using and functions of cupstones.In addition,this study helps identify the relationship between cupstones and perforated stone tools.
Military organization is a concept that emerged after the Second World War,and then became the foundation for military self-training and the critical component shaping the combating power.This concept includes several components:vertical management,collaboration mode of different combat units,and command communication.Through borrowing this modern concept,this paper explores the'military organization'of the Qin army based on the analysis of locations of various types of terracotta figurines in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit no.1.In addition,in juxtaposing with historical texts,this paper also analyzes the combination of far-ranging,long,and short weapons,as well as the locations of flags,drums,and gold artifacts in the terracotta pits,as a way to cast light on the military organization of the Qin army.
In 2019,the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology conducted an excavation at the Jiezihe site in Huanglong County,in order to cooperate with the construction of the Huangpu highway.The excavation unearthed pits and tombs dating between the Early and Middle Spring-and-Autumn period.The types and assemblages of unearthed artefacts demonstrate a high resemblance to those found at the nearby Liujiawa site.This archaeological phenomenon indicates that the Jiezihe site may have represented a low-level settlement on the fringe of the Rui state.Additionally,the unprecedented discovery of gold spiral earrings and their co-existence with jade pendants jue slit rings reflects a unique process of cultural integration of the northern and Central Plains cultures.As such,the Jiezihe site provides valuable new clues for investigating the social hierarchy of the Rui state,its northern border,and its relationship with northern ethnic groups.
In July 2017,the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology excavated 22 ancient tombs to the south of Lijiazhai Village in Qinhan New City in order to cooperate with the construction of the Qinling Bio-industrial Park project in the Xixian New District in Shaanxi.This report presents excavation data from tomb no.M22,which is a Han dynasty tomb with a甲-shaped brick-chambered structure.The shape of the tomb shows a standardized planning with exquisite construction techniques.While the tomb was looted severely,it still yields some delicate burial goods.According to the geographical location and the shape of the tomb,this report suggests that the tomb was a high-rank aristocratic tomb in the late Western Han Dynasty,probably belonging to an accompany member associated with Emperor Chengdi.
The oracle bone glyph()was often interpreted as'骨'(冎),or'(囚)'in previous literature.Nevertheless,recent studies often transcribe this glyph as the character'肩'.Meanwhile,another oracle bone glyph,(),which is also related to(),is often interpreted as'冎'.This paper comprehensively analyzes the relationship between the structure,phonic component,and meaning of the glyph()and many other related glyphs based on related records in oracle bones,transmitted literature,and other unearthed textual materials.As a result,the author suggests that the interpretation of the glyph()as'肩'is not supported by evidence.Instead,it is more appropriate to transcribe this glyph as"骨".In addition,this paper suggests that the glyphs()and()in oracle bones should represent two distinctive characters:namely,'()'as'冎',and'()'as'骨'.In other words,'()'and'()'should represent'冎'and'骨',respectively.
In order to cooperate with the construction of the Yulin section of the 210 National Highway,the Yulin Municipal Archaeological Exploration Team joined with the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology to excavate the Yangjuanliangsha location of the Zoumaliang cemetery cluster.This excavation discovered 13 tombs and 46 artifacts.The main types of the tombs include vertical shaft pit tombs,vertical catacombs,and brick-chambered tombs with sloping paths.The Han-dynasty tombs at Zoumaliang can be divided into four phases ranging from the Early Western Han Dynasty to the Late Eastern Han Dynasty.These tombs probably belonged to the contemporary ordinary people as they were of low ranks.Zoumaliang is located in the intersection of nomadic culture and farming civilization.The overall tomb style relect cultural characteristic of the agrarian civilization,which provided important material data for the study of the funeral customs and life styles of residents in Northern Shaanxi Province during the Han Dynasty.
This paper presents the reconstruction of the imperial temple at the Chaoyuange location within the Huaqing palace complex.Based on excavated archaeological remains,the paper reconstructed the entire building compound,which can enhance our understanding of the hierarchical order and unique pillar structures of the Chaoyuange temple.This case study reveals that the Chaoyuange temple successfully created iconic architectural landscape of building clusters on the hilly area by creating the hierarchical contrast and combination of various single compound buildings.This study also lays down the foundation of architectural history for the scientific analysis of the value of the site.
In 2019,the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology excavated a Tang-dynasty tomb in the Sanyizhuang location at Xinsi Village,which is located within the Baqiao District in Xi'an.Although the tomb has been seriously looted,the epitaph was preserved.This tomb is a joint burial for Tang Yuanfeng and his wife Li.The epitaph of Tang Yuanfeng records the years of his birth and death,the place of his origin,his official career and achievements,marital status and offspring,burial place and other related information,which can be the supplement of history and has important academic value.
In 2018～2020,the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology conducted an excavation at the Chaoyuange site inside the Huaqing palace complex of the Tang dynasty,which is located on the Lishan Mountains in Lintong District,Xi'an.The excavation revealed six layers of architectural remains.The earliest remains at the bottom layer are associated with a large-scale building compound with two layers of rammed-earth platforms,two walkways,two corridors,and one pavilion.The unearthed remains associated with the building consist primarily of roof tiles.Based on the unearthed tiles and historical texts,this report suggests that the earliest architectural remains should be associated with the Chaoyuange site inside the Huaqing Palace of the Tang Dynasty.The later architectural remains from the five upper layers represent architectures that were built in four periods,namely the Song and Jin Dynasties,the Yuan Dynasty,the Ming Dynasty,and the Qing Dynasty,respectively.
The archaeology of early Buddhism in China focuses on the periods ranging from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms.It is known that Buddhist remains found in this period are relatively few,and some associated remains are obscure in their forms and nature,making them difficult to be further studied.However,from the early works during the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century onward,voluminous research has been conducted to facilitate the identification of the nature,date,chronology,artistic style,and transmission routes of remains associated with early Buddhism.Those fruitful results have made significant contribution to the understanding of the history and culture of early Buddhism during these periods.
楚王卲戟是楚康王所作，而楚王戟应是楚共王所作。楚康王名卲（昭、招），字樊。金文中的“楚子某”之称应是“楚+子某”的结构，是春秋战国时期除楚国国君及其子、孙之外，楚国贵族的一般称谓，并无等级或范围的限定。
《逑盘》铭文"(雷)((耂者))黄者"之"(雷)((耂者))",旧说多读为有老、寿义的"耆",并谓"耆黄耇"系同义复指的形容词,本文以为不妥."(雷)((耂者))"字从"者",当读为"诸","诸黄者"是对诸位老臣的泛称.而且,"诸黄耇"在铭文中断句时应从下,即"诸黄耇,保奠周邦",是对诸位老臣勉力保奠周邦的期许,这也与《尚书》等早期文献中所反映的耆老治国理政的重要性相一致.
通过对梁带村、北赵等地两周之际贵族墓葬出土的黄金、青铜腰带饰梳理,结合青铜器铭文和文献记载,并与周原庄李铸铜作坊所出的陶范形制比较可知,金属腰带饰使用的年代范围,从西周晚期偏早至春秋早期晚段近200年,是流行于周王室和芮、晋、虢等姬姓诸侯国国君,以及卿大夫等男性高级贵族中的一种礼仪衣饰,后期的分布范围略有扩展,但黎、曾等国的发现表明使用者身份趋降至士阶层.金属带饰传播范围和时间有限主要是因出现的年代较晚,与周王室东迁后地位下降有关.金属带饰虽非主流礼器,但对周代服饰礼仪文化和我国早期黄金器使用的研究,都有较重要的意义.
齐家文化发现的与祭祀活动相关的遗存主要有祭坛、祭祀坑、石圆圈遗迹、居址内火烧、涂抹和摆置现象,还有卜骨、特殊场合使用的砾石等.通过对这些祭祀遗存的辨识与初步研究,我们认为齐家文化形成了较为成熟的祭祀系统,注重对祖先神(人鬼神)的祭祀,盛行以家庭为单位的小型祭祀活动;动物在祭祀仪式中扮演了重要角色;砾石或为特定场合祭祀活动"通灵"的媒介.齐家文化既参与了以夏、商王朝为主的祭祀仪式和制度的构建与完善,也影响了甘青地区新石器时代以降氐羌族的宗教观念.
帝王陵墓是中国古代墓葬中的一个特殊门类,明清帝王陵墓研究应该纳入中国考古学研究范畴.明清陵墓研究材料的来源有别于前代,进而影响到具体研究方法带有一定的特殊性.从考古学立场出发,结合利用相关学科的分析方法,有助于推进明清陵墓乃至宋辽以后考古学一些具体问题研究的进一步深化.
西安三殿村汉代古桥遗址位于西安市灞桥区三殿村,其结构为汉代流行的木梁柱桥,推测其性质为白鹿原上帝陵营建的配套设施,是帝陵营建这一汉代重大国家工程的重要组成部分.通过对"南陵桥坏,衣冠道绝"等文献的分析,判断其可能为"南陵桥",并进一步探讨了其所涉及的汉代交通路线及陵庙制度等问题.此外,通过梳理汉长安城周边发现的汉代古桥,对汉代道路交通体系也进行了初步的分析.
2016～2018年,陕西省考古研究院在西咸新区秦汉新城窑店街道胡家沟村东北发掘秦代府库建筑一座.该建筑东距秦咸阳城宫殿建筑区1.1千米,局部遭到破坏,剩余主体为东西向联排房址1座.建筑以外北侧发现储水池、排水管道、建筑废料堆积坑等使用过程中的同期遗存.在该建筑内发现大量建筑材料,另在F3内出土数量众多的刻铭石磬,文字内容有"北宫乐府"等官署名称及编次位置、音律等.推断该建筑毁于火,可能与秦末战争有关.本次发现证明秦咸阳城宫殿区以西存在以少府为主的中央官署.
2021年7月,甘肃省文物考古研究所等对榆中县夏官营镇红柳村1座隋代墓进行了抢救性发掘.该墓为斜坡墓道土洞墓,盗扰严重,出土石像生2对、墓碑1通、墓志2合,以及青铜饰件、陶动物、金珠、玉珠等器物.该墓为北周光禄大夫仪同三司彭阳伯刘义夫妇合葬墓,葬于隋开皇十二年(592年).刘义跟随宇文泰起家,因军功授衔职事临洮防御并多次升迁.其神道碑是陕西以西迄今发现的唯一隋代碑石,碑刻内容是研究西魏北周职官制度、陇右豪强等的重要资料.
2014年咸阳市窑店镇聂家沟区域发现总量约600千克的骨质遗物,是属于秦咸阳城官属制骨作坊的一处次生堆积.经初步分类,确认其属于取料环节的遗物包括骨料、坯料和废料三种类型.取料以黄牛四肢骨干为主,仅有极少量的鹿角;不见肋骨、腕跗骨、髌骨、趾骨及四肢骨的关节部分,说明咸阳城整体层面的制骨原料是异地收取.取料方式则根据制作产品种类的不同而有所不同.
