This paper uses the FLAC 3D finite difference software to conduct a numerical analysis of the deforma-tion characteristics of fractured rock masses disturbed by excavation and unloading of cross-fault tunnels.By setting simplified assumptions,a model is built with the help of third-party software and imported into FLAC 3D.The FISH language is combined to achieve parametric and standardized modeling.A typical working condition where the tunnel intersects the fault zone at 75° and the fault dip angle is 75° is analyzed.The results show that the deformation of the tunnel increases as it approaches the fault zone.The deformation within the fault zone is much larger than that in other positions.The deformation increases sharply at the fault slip surface,and the settlement of the tunnel crown changes abruptly.When the intersection angle between the tunnel and the fault zone is different,the peak deformation values are similar,but reducing the intersection angle increases the spatial extent of fault zone influence.The larger the fault dip angle,the smaller the construction-induced deformation.The larger the width of the fault zone,the larger the construction-induced deformation.The findings offer a theoretical basis for the design and construction of tunnels crossing fault zones.
In order to solve the problem of lack of ice cover data in the deep-sea areas of the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea,this paper uses the LIM2 model and numerical simulation to simulate the ice cover process in the target sea area.The model results are verified based on sea surface temperature and satellite inversion of sea ice range.By comparison,it can be seen that the simulation effect in this paper is good,and the icing process is relatively close to satellite inversion;Taking the simulated annual extreme value sequences of various elements from 1979 to 2019 as the basic data,the Gumbel distribution and Pearson Ⅲ distribution of extreme values were used to calculate the annual return period extreme values.The single layer flat ice thickness in the sea area where the project is located,which occurs once every 1 year,2 years,5 years,10 years,20 years,50 years,and 100 years,is 0 cm,12 cm,19 cm,25 cm,30 cm,37 cm,and 43 cm,respectively.The maximum icing calculation results are basically consistent with the standard values,indicating that the results of this method are relatively reliable.
Through investigation and research,43 species of Fagaceae plants belonging to 6 genera and specific plant lists were determined in Yong'an city.At the same time,according to the investigation re-sults,the distribution characteristics of genus and species of Fagaceae in Yong'an city and the horizontal distribution of Fagaceae plants in each township(town and street)and vertical distribution in six altitude intervals were analyzed,and the specific distribution rules were summarized.It can provide scientific ba-sis for the protection and utilization of Fagaceae plants in Yong'an City.The survey found that there are significant differences in the distribution of species of Fagaceae plants in different townships(towns and streets)in Yong'an City.There are 13 widely distributed species,13 widely distributed species,11 com-mon species,13 occasional species,and 7 rare species;The distribution and quantity of Fagaceae plants are generally very uneven.Three townships(towns),including Luofang Township,Xizhen Township,and Qingshui She Ethnic Township,have abundant resources of Fagaceae plants.The resources of Fa-gaceae plants in 10 townships(towns and streets)including Xiaotao Town,Shangping Township,and Hongtian Town are relatively moderate.The resources of Fagaceae plants in Yandong Street and Yanbei Street are relatively scarce.The survey found that the distribution of Fagaceae plants in the three altitude ranges of 601～900 m,901～1200 m,and 301～600 m in Yong'an City is higher than that in other altitude ranges.The Fagaceae plants in Yong'an City are more suitable for the climate environment of these three altitude ranges.The number of registered Fagaceae plants in the three altitude ranges of 1201～1500 m,0～300 m,and 1501～1800 m is relatively small with poor climate adaptability.
The soil layers of 0～20cm,20～40cm and 40～60cm in the growth area of Populus eugenicum shelterbelts were classified into test groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to different depths.Their physico-chemical properties and nutrient contents were determined and compared between groups.Results:① Soil physical and chemical properties:There was no difference in pH values among the three groups(P＞0.05).The salt content of test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of test group Ⅱ and test group Ⅲ(P＜0.05),and the sodium ion content of test group Ⅱ and test group Ⅲ was higher than that of test group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).② Soil nutrient content:the order of the contents of organic matter,availa-ble phosphorus and available potassium is test group Ⅲ＞test group Ⅱ＞test group Ⅰ,and there were significant differences among all groups(P＜0.05);Soil salt was positively correlated with available K,organic matter,sodium ion and pH value,while soil organic matter,available P and available K were sig-nificantly correlated(P＜0.01).The salt content in different soil layers of Populus euphratica shelter-belts of the same age determines the soil nutrient content,indicating that soil salinization will affect the normal development of Populus euphratica shelterbelts,so the salt should be discharged according to the situation during the planting period.
Based on the analysis and summary of productive landscape design theory,this paper puts for-ward the strategy of rural productive landscape design from the perspective of tourism experience,and takes Tongling Village of Jingzhou City as an example for empirical research.The results show that Ton-gling Village in Jingzhou City has obvious location advantages,natural advantages and cultural advanta-ges,but is at a disadvantage in tourism facilities,landscape design and ecological protection.From the perspective of tourism experience,rural productive landscape planning needs to follow the principles of production,regionalism,sustainability,culture,participation and interaction.Thus,a benign industrial system of"agriculture as the foundation and the integration of agriculture and tourism"will be formed,and the landscape style of leisure agricultural tourism space with landscape aesthetics will be created,so as to create a tourism experience environment of interaction,education and entertainment,and a tourism cultural atmosphere with unique local characteristics.According to the present situation of Tongling Vil-lage,this paper puts forward specific solutions in the overall planning stage and the special design of tourism experience,in order to provide a reference for rural revitalization and beautiful rural construction in China.
Ornamental crabapple is one of the important tree species in the Coloring and Greening Project in northern China,and its main propagation method is grafting.The object of the study is to explore the influence of grafting time and methods commonly used in northern China on ornamental crabapple surviv-al rates.The experiments were performed with potted Pingyi sweet tea(Malus hupehensis var.mengs-hanensis)as the rootstock and pink handkerchief begonia(Malus'Hopa')as the scion.Eight grafting methods were selected,and the success rates were compared and analyzed by different methods in spring,summer and autumn.The results generally indicated that in spring,the survival rate could reach the highest with the method of cleft grafting,cut—splice grafting,whip and tongue grafting;in summer,with t—bud grafting,plate budding and patch budding;while in autumn,with plate budding.The study also provided a preliminary exploration of the effects of four grafting methods on the survival rates of or-namental crabapple in different months and on the growth rhythms of them.The results showed that the best time for cleft grafting was from March to April;for splice grafting April,September and October;for plate budding May,September and October;while for patch budding June,September and October.The selections of grafting methods do not have great influences on the overall growth of the seedlings,al-though the growth rates differ with each grafting methods during the growth periods.
The development of mountain carbon sequestration afforestation projects is an important way for Yunnan Province to cope with global climate change and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.This paper uses the field investigation method and case analysis method to sort out the current situation of car-bon sink afforestation in Yunnan.The problems in the operation mechanism of Tengchong carbon sink afforestation project on this basis are analyzed.Based on the characteristics of mountainous areas and local practices in Yunnan Province,suggestions are put forward to optimize the operation mechanism of moun-tainous carbon sink afforestation in Yunnan Province,such as building diversified project financing chan-nels,introducing advanced science and technology and training professional talents,cooperating with the government to improve the supporting policies of forestry carbon sequestration,strengthening the con-struction of risk prevention and controlling system,learning and exploring advanced scientific manage-ment models,and improving the project supervision mechanism and follow—up supervision in order to provide theoretical support and reference for Yunnan Province to improve the quality of carbon sink for-ests and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
From the perspective of western Sichuan farming culture,this paper discusses how to convey the value and characteristics of western Sichuan farming culture through dining space design,and puts forward specific design strategies to realize the goal of reflecting farming culture in dining space.The re-search analyzes cultural design elements,cultural symbol forms,cultural presentation ways,cultural val-ue embodiment and specific design strategies,and emphasizes the specific design strategies of the cultur-al,functional,aesthetic and sustainable aspects of catering space.The main highlight of this paper is to explore the design strategies of catering space from the perspective of farming culture in western Sichuan,and to introduce the regional culture in the reflection of catering space.
Outdoor advertising planning is of great significance to shaping the image of a city.This paper takes the central urban area of Shengzhou as an example to explore the main points of outdoor advertising planning in middle—size and small cities to promote a good and orderly city image building.On the basis of analyzing the current characteristics of outdoor advertising in Shengzhou Central urban area,such as full coverage,spatial heterogeneity,chaotic spatial layout,poor advertising quality,lack of system plan-ning,lack of overall art,complex management approval,lack of maintenance and other current prob-lems,the outdoor advertising planning framework of Shengzhou central urban area is constructed from three levels:space—control—management.Based on this,the paper puts forward the key points of planning and preparation of outdoor advertising in middle—size and small cities according to local condi-tions,zoning control and system management,in order to provide references for promoting the improve-ment of urban landscape style and spatial quality.
Taking Fengyang village in Lianzhou City as the research object,starting from the most recog-nizable architecture,water system and layout of the village remains,this paper analyzes the genetic infor-mation contained in the landscape gene,such as dominance,inheritance,attribution,attachment,scale and image,and explores the storage mode and expression path of genetic information.The results show that the genetic information of Fengyang village's landscape gene depends on the village's orientation,strip—shaped overall layout,the ancestral hall of carved beams,the exquisite ancient temple,and the half—moon shaped pond,all of which together create the overall expression of Fengyang's intention.On this basis,the tourism planning of Fengyang village's landscape gene"information element—information point—information corridor—information network"is attempted to be constructed.The information points are connected to form the cultural experience corridor of merchants'streets and alleys,the cultural experience corridor of ancient residential buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the ecological and natural landscape experience corridor,and the clan culture experience corridor.Furthermore,the corri-dor interlaces to form a network.At last,it provides a valuable reference for the sustainable inheritance and development of traditional culture of Fengyang village,Lingnan traditional villages and even the na-tional traditional villages under the background of the tourism development.
Medical resources are an indispensable part of basic public services,and the uneven distribution of primary medical resources is an important livelihood issue.Exploring the regional disparity and urban—rural disparity of primary medical resources in Chongqing is crucial to further optimize the allocation of medical resources.This paper divides the primary medical resources into market power—clinics and gov-ernment power—health rooms according to the main body of responsibility.Collaborative location quo-tient and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to explore the overall distribution of primary health care in Chongqing and the relationship between government and market.Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to explore the regional disparity and urban—rural disparity of medical resources in Chongqing.The results show that:①There is scale dependence of primary care resources in Chongqing.The degree of disparity gradually expands as the scale decreases;the degree of agglomeration decreases;and the hotspot areas change accordingly.②The spatial distribution of primary medical resources is uneven,and the regional divergence is obvious."One area"is dense;"two groups"is sparse,and the degree of con-centration and equity of urban medical resources is higher than that of rural areas.③The main metropoli-tan area and the urban area are mainly market—led economically efficient primary care,playing a domi-nant role,while in southeast Chongqing and rural areas,the government—led administrative distribution type primary medical care plays a major role.The government and the market synergistically complement each other in the allocation of primary care resources in Chongqing,but the government's role in narro-wing primary care resources in urban and rural areas needs to be strengthened.
With the gradual acceleration of urbanization,the landscape patterns of urban areas have gradu-ally become a research hotspot.Landscape patterns affect regional ecological security and sustainability of development,and have certain guiding significance for urban land layout planning.Based on Fragstats software,the landscape pattern index was calculated by selecting 9 indexes including patch type level and landscape level,and the landscape patterns and its dynamic change characteristics were analyzed in Han-yang region in 2000,2010 and 2020.It was found that in the past 20 years,the fragmentation degree of each type of patch gradually decreased;the aggregation degree and connectivity degree increased,and the shape of each type of patch tended to be regular,but the fragmentation degree of wetland type increased.Finally,according to this trend,the corresponding improvement suggestions are put forward,in order to provide a reference for the optimization of land use layout and sustainable landscape development in Han-yang region.
In order to explore the effect of container seedling culture medium on the growth of Pinus tabu-lae formis seedlings in Gansu region,this study conducted different culture medium culture experiments on Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings in Heihe Forest Farm,Ganzhou District,Gansu Province.A total of 5 treatment groups were set up,including substrate 1 group(CK),substrate 2 group,substrate 3 group,substrate 4 group,and substrate 5 group.The matrix formulas for each substrate group were 100％rural soil,80％rural soil+20％mushroom residue,60％rural soil+20％mushroom residue+20％pine nee-dle soil,40％rural soil+20％mushroom residue+20％pine needle soil+40％perlite and 40％rural soil+20％mushroom residue+20％pine needle soil+40％perlite+ABT rooting powder;Each group has 120 nutrition bowls,divided into 3 replicates,with 40 nutrition bowls per replicate;After 180 days of cultivation in containers,the growth indicators and biomass of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings from each treatment group were measured;The results showed that the height and aspect ratio of Pinus tabulaefor-mis seedlings in matrix 5 group were significantly higher than those in matrix 3 group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than those in matrix 2 group CK group(P＜0.01);The ground diameter of matrix 5 group was significantly higher than that of matrix 2 group and CK group(P＜0.05);The crown diameter of matrix 5 group was significantly higher than that of matrix 3 group and matrix 2 group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than that of CK group(P＜0.01);The number of lateral roots in matrix 5 group was significantly higher than that in matrix 4 and matrix 3 groups(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than that in matrix 2 and CK groups(P＜0.01);Compared with matrix 4 group,the number of lateral roots in matrix 5 group was significantly higher than that in matrix 4 group(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in other seedling height,ground diameter,height to diameter ratio,crown width,and main root length(P＞0.05);The difference in aboveground fresh weight between matrix 5 group and matrix 4 group was not significant(P＞0.05),but was significantly higher than matrix 3 group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than matrix 2 group and CK group(P＜0.01);There was no significant difference(P＞0.05)in the fresh and dry weight above ground between the matrix 5 group and the matrix 4 group,but the matrix 5 group was significantly higher than the matrix 3 group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than the matrix 2 group and the CK group(P＜0.01);The underground fresh weight and underground dry weight of matrix 5 group were significantly higher than those of matrix 4 group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher than those of matrix 3 group,matrix 2 group,and CK group(P＜0.01);The fresh weight and root to shoot ratio of a single plant were not significantly different be-tween the matrix 3,2,and CK groups(P＞0.05),but were significantly lower than the matrix 5 group(P＜0.01)and significantly lower than the matrix 4 group(P＜0.05);In summary,the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings is more effectively utilized with 5 groups of substrate:40％pastoral soil,20％mushroom residue,20％pine needle soil,40％perlite,and ABT rooting powder.
To explore the effects of different thinning intensities on the growth of Fokienia Hodginsii plantation,and to provide scientific basis for reasonable thinning measures of F.Hodginsii plantation.Taking the F.Hodginsii plantation of Datian Meilin State—Owned Forest Farm as the research object,this paper analyzes the growth changes of tree height,DBH and volume after 2a under 4 different thinning intensities,and conducts comprehensive comparisons through analysis of variance and multiple comparisons.After thinning for 2 years,the average height,diameter at breast height and single stand timber volume of the stand increased by 15.7％,8.5％and 35％respectively compared with that after thinning.After thinning for two years,the average increase of DBH and single tree volume of each group was shown as group 2＞group 1＞group 3＞group 4,in which the increase of DBH and volume of group 2 reached 1.23cm and 0.01736 m3 respectively.Except for the increase in tree height,there were extremely significant differences in the growth of DBH and volume among different treatments.Thinning treatment with a retention density of 1680 trees/hm2 had the most obvious promoting effect on stand growth,fol-lowed by thinning treatment with a retention density of 1350 trees/hm2,and thinning treatment with a retention density of 1950 trees/hm2 and 2250 trees/hm2 had the least significant promoting effect on stand growth.
Taking Jilin as the research site,the effects of different direct—seeding techniques on growth characteristics,root morphology and interforest soil properties of Pinus koraiensis Sieb.were analyzed.Three plots with the same area(20mX20m)were planned in Huadian Hongshi National Forest Park,Ji-lin Province.Conventional direct seeding,direct—seeding and near—nature direct—seeding were used to compare the growth,root morphology and interforest soil properties of Pinus koraiensis Sieb.under dif-ferent planting techniques.Results:① Growth characteristics:the seedling height and diameter were higher than those of conventional direct—seeding and direct—seeding(P＜0.05),and the growth char-acteristics of direct seeding were better than those of conventional direct—seeding(P＜0.05).② Root morphology:root indexes such as root total length,root surface area and root volume were significantly better than those of conventional and direct—afforestation technologies under near—natural direct affor-estation technology(P＜0.05),and there was no difference in root indexes between conventional and di-rect—afforestation technologies(P＞0.05).③ Soil properties:The pH content of the soil of near—nat-ural direct—seeding was lower than that of conventional direct—seeding and direct—seeding technolo-gies.The organic matter content was higher than that of conventional direct—seeding and direct—seeding technologies(P＜0.05),and there was no difference between the latter two(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Different direct seeding techniques have significant effects on the growth of Pinus koraiensis Sieb.seed-lings,root development and forest soil.The experimental results show that the near—nature direct—see-ding technique has the best effect.
Objective:To investigate the effects of different fertilization schemes on the growth and needle photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis.Method:This study used Liujiadian Forest Farm of Zhengn-ing Branch of Ziwuling Forestry Management Bureau in Gansu Province as the experimental site,and used urea and organic fertilizer as fertilizers to evaluate the growth status of Pinus tabulaeformis under different fertilization methods,as well as the pigment content and net photosynthetic rate of its needles.The effects of different fertilization schemes on the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and the pigment con-tent and net photosynthetic rate of its needles were compared.Conclusion:The growth status,pigment content,and net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis in treatment group C(organic fertilizer,200 g/plant)were good.The plant height,diameter at breast height,root biomass,stem biomass,leaf bio-mass,and whole plant biomass were 143.17 cm,4.26 cm,158.26 g/plant,169.65 g/plant,89.49 g/plant,and 669.65 g/plant,respectively;The chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids,total chlorophyll content,and net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis needles are 0.89,0.27,0.11,1.35 mg/(g·FW),and 10.03 μ mol/(m2·s),respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis for the sci-entific fertilization method of Pinus tabulaeformis.
In order to investigate the impact of different mixing ratios on the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Liquidambar formosana mixed forest,this paper takes Rongshui Miao Autonomous County in Liuzhou,Guangxi as the research site,and takes the tree height,diameter at breast height,and volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Liquidambar formosana mixed forest as the research objects to investigate the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Liquidambar formosana under different mix-ing ratios.The results showed that the growth rate of Liquidambar formosana was generally faster than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata,and the proportion of Liquidambar formosana had a significant impact on the growth process of mixed forests.The tree height,diameter at breast height,and volume of Cun-ninghamia lanceolata in different mixed proportion treatment groups were A、B、C、D from large to small,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05);The tree height,diameter at breast height,and vol-ume of Liquidambar formosana are all in descending order of A、B、C、D,but the difference is small.The difference in tree height and diameter at breast height is not significant.Only the difference in vol-ume is significant.During the construction of a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Liquidam-bar formosana,a proportion of Liquidambar formosana below 20％is beneficial for the growth of the mixed forest.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation of mixed forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Liquidambar formosana.
By assessing the health and wellness resources of national forest parks,the characteristics,dis-tribution and current situation of the resources are further understood,so as to provide scientific basis and strategic suggestions for the development of the health and wellness industry of forest parks.This paper takes Peach Blossom River National Forest Park as an example,and combines the characteristics of the national forest park to construct the evaluation system of the national forest park's health and wellness index.By using the research method of AHP and entropy weight method,the paper obtains the subjec-tive and objective composite weight of the health and wellness resource index of Peach Blossom River Na-tional Forest Park,evaluates and grades its resources,and determines the development direction of the health and wellness base.The results show that the top five combined weights are negative oxygen ion concentration(0.0564),biological landscape(0.0426),the area of suitable recreation area(0.0369),green vision rate(0.0368),and pollution source(0.0350).The weighting of the indicators resulted in a final score of 83.5526 points for the recreation resources of the Peach Blossom River National Park,which was assessed as a second—level recreation resource.Through the analysis of the evaluation re-sults,Peach Blossom River National Park still has the disadvantages of location conditions,imperfect in-frastructure and low correlation matching degree of functional areas.It is suggested that it should be a re-habilitation base and an industrial base.According to the evaluation results,it should be scientifically di-vided into three functional areas:green ecological area,health care area and education research district.
Santalum album L.seeds have long germination period,irregular emergence and low germina-tion rate under conventional conditions.In order to improve the germination rate and orderly emergence of Santalum album L.seeds,the best conditions of Santalum album L.seed germination were selected through the comparative test of different water temperature soaking and different sowing media treat-ment.The results showed that the germination rate of Santalum album L.seed was significantly differ-ent with different water temperature soaking.When the seeds were soaked in hot water at 70～80℃ to cool naturally,and then soaked in cold water for 24h,the germination rate was the highest,reaching 78.7％,which was significantly higher than the other three treatments and the control.The germination rate of Santalum album L.seed was significantly different among different sowing substrate.The germi-nation rate of Santalum album L.seed was 77.0％and 76.0％respectively in river sand and burnt soil,and there was no significant difference between them.It is suggested that in the practical production of Santalum album L.seeding and seedling raising,the seeds should be soaked in hot water at 70-80℃ be-fore seeding to cool naturally,and then soaked in cold water for 24h before seeding.The sowing sub-strate should choose river sand or burnt soil,which can greatly improve the germination rate of seeds.The germination period is short with neat emergence.
