Childhood respiratory diseases are important public health issues worldwide, especially pneumonia and asthma which impacts the low income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence shows these conditions have long term consequences beyond acute illness, impacting health but also education and socioeconomic outcomes. A literature review was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for studies published between 2014 and January 2026. National surveys, literature from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies were also included. Eligible studies were those including children aged 0–18 years reporting longterm respiratory, educational, psychosocial or economic outcomes. The study quality was ascertained with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools and findings were synthesized thematically. A total of twenty-eight studies were included. According to GBD 2023 estimates, lower respiratory infections in 2023 account for approximately 2.5 million deaths and 98.7 million DALYs. While under-five mortality has been declining with improved outcomes, early childhood pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections have been associated with persistent lung function impairment, increased risk of asthma and chronic respiratory disease, absenteeism from school, and psychosocial challenges. The economic burden and environmental factors such as household air pollution and PM2.5 exposures and multidimensional energy poverty worsened outcomes in LMICs Childhood respiratory diseases may have long-term effects on health and socioeconomic status. A life-course, community-oriented public health approach that includes primary prevention, access to clean energy, and early interventions could significantly reduce long-term inequities.
A traditional herbal remedy with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties is Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng. Its bioactive triterpene saponins (ginsenosides) are principally responsible for these pharmacological actions. Recent mechanistic research on ginsenoside targets in oxidative stress and inflammation is summarized in this review. Major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, compound K) block IKK/IκBα activation and downregulate pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2) to inhibit NF-κB signaling in inflammation. (Jang et al., 2023) Additionally, they inhibit inflammasome activation (NLRP3/IL-1β) and MAPK (p38/ERK/JNK) pathways. Ginsenosides promote antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, SOD, and CAT) and lower ROS in oxidative stress by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. By maintaining membrane potential and electron transport chain function, they reduce mitochondrial ROS and safeguard mitochondria. Crucially, ginsenosides regulate the NF-κB–ROS–Nrf2 crosstalk: ROS can trigger NF-κB and inflammasomes, whereas ginsenoside-induced Nrf2 activation strengthens antioxidant defenses that suppress ROS and reduce NF-κB signaling. (Huang et al., 2021)In models of cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease, ginsenosides' dual actions provide protective effects. (He et al., 2022)This review emphasizes the necessity of standardized clinical trials and highlights particular molecular targets and dosage evidence.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health challenge characterised by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Multiple interventions have been tested, but a comprehensive synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses across lifestyle, dietary, and nutraceutical domains has been lacking.To conduct an umbrella review evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition, lifestyle, exercise, and nutraceutical interventions in improving metabolic syndrome outcomes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar was conducted from January 2005 to June 2025. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing dietary, lifestyle, exercise, yoga, or nutraceutical interventions in adults with MetS were included. Data extraction focused on intervention type, dosage, and outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2 tool. Fourteen systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included, which have interventions such as nutraceuticals (fenugreek, green tea, garlic, ginger, black cumin, hibiscus, curcumin), yoga, exercise and diet. Lifestyle and exercise interventions improved significantly. The Mediterranean diet improved lipid profile and blood pressure, whereas nutraceuticals provided modest improvements, with fenugreek and black cumin showing the most consistent benefits. AMSTAR-2 ratings indicated eight reviews rated as high quality and six as moderate quality. Lifestyle interventions remain the cornerstone of MetS management. Herbal and nutraceutical supplements provide promising adjunctive benefits but require standardization and high-quality RCTs. These findings reinforce the primacy of lifestyle approaches while highlighting opportunities for integrated dietary and nutraceutical strategies in clinical management. Future research should emphasise long-term adherence, personalized strategy, and standardized protocols for lifestyle-based interventions.
Introduction:Chefs face unique occupational hazards such as prolonged heat exposure, irregular eating habits, physical strain, and psychological stress. In Ayurveda, these factors correspond to Nidana like Atapa sevana, Ati-ushna-tikshna ahara, Vishama ahara, Vega-dharana, and Manasika nidana, leading to Vata-Pitta aggravation, Agnimandya, Aama formation, and Srotodushti. Methods:A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, AYUSH portals, and classical Ayurvedic texts. Literature linking chef occupational hazards with disease outcomes was identified and mapped to Ayurvedic concepts of Nidana, Dosha, and Srotas. Results:Occupational hazards identified in chefs included heat and steam exposure, irregular dietary intake, prolonged standing, repetitive strain, and high job stress. In Ayurvedic interpretation, these hazards aggravate Vata and Pitta doshas and vitiate Rasavaha, Annavaha, Mamsavaha, and Manovaha srotas. Modern studies report corresponding conditions such as gastritis, obesity, musculoskeletal disorders, varicose veins, and burnout. Discussion:Ayurveda offers preventive strategies including Pitta-pacifying diet, Abhyanga, Sheetali pranayama, Rasayana herbs (Amalaki, Guduchi, Shatavari), and ergonomic modifications. Integrating Ayurvedic measures with occupational safety practices may reduce disease burden and improve overall well-being in chefs.
Krimi have been considered a major public health problem through out the world according to WHO, 1967. In our country this problem is equally significant. The helminths and bacteria discussed today are somewhat comparable to the Krimi described in ancient texts. According to CCRAS 1987 reports, it affects youngsters more often than adults. Krimi impairs a person's growth and development, causes malnutrition, and lowers immunity; therefore, an efficient remedy to this issue is required. Of all the herbs used in treating worm infestation, Vidanga leha (Embelia ribes) was used for the present study. 30 patients were randomly selected for the study. factors like Vivarnata (Skin Pigmentation), Udarshul (Abd pain ), Gudkandu (itching near anal region), MalaVishtambhata (constipation), Aganimandya (Anorexia) were observed in this study. These clinical conditions had been described by Acharya Charaka under the Lakshana of Krimi and it has been also described in Rasavaha Srotodusti Lakshanas as well. In 15 days of study, observations were recored 0n 0th, 7th, and 15th day and doses were administrated according to body weight of the patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vidanga leha in krimi betwenn the age group of 1-12 years. Conclusion: This study revealed notable alterations in the Krimi patients. Relief had been observed in the various parameters chosen for the study.
The primary aim of this research was to thoroughly explore how the strategic integration of advanced communication technologies significantly improved energy systems. Specifically, we focused on the coordinated deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and fiber optics. These technologies, combined with the installation of cutting-edge smart sensors, enabled real-time monitoring of gas flow and pressure. A crucial element of this project was also the development of resilient and predictive energy management systems, powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). This synergistic technological approach led to multifaceted improvements in efficiency. Firstly, it optimized gas distribution from central facilities directly to homes, effectively minimizing leaks and losses. This aspect is particularly vital for enhancing both efficiency and safety in urban environments like Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela. Secondly, the project revolutionized energy consumption within individual households. It empowered residents with the tools to manage their energy expenditure more consciously and effectively, fostering greater control over their usage. Our theoretical framework, which served as a foundational pillar for this investigation, was robustly built upon seminal works and pioneering studies within the energy sector. These authoritative sources were cited and thoroughly analyzed throughout the research. Key contributions included publications and reports from Gasnam (2024), which highlighted innovations in the vehicular and residential gas industries. We also drew upon technical analyses by Dimasa (2018), recognized for their expertise in fluid distribution engineering solutions, and research by Aqualia (2015), which offered valuable insights into the efficient management of water and energy resources. The collective perspectives and findings from these diverse sources provided a strong, cohesive, and current framework for our retrospective study, allowing us to gain a profound understanding of the trends and technological advancements that are shaping a path towards smarter and more sustainable gas consumption in residential settings.
The main purposes of this research are the design and development of a prototype of fiber optic network certification equipment based on Arduino. Based on the theories of: Bob Chomycs (1998), Wayne Tomasi (2003), Boylestad (2023), Ogata (2010), Dorf (2015), Gossing (2015), among others. This prototype seeks to be a low-cost and easily accessible solution, capable of performing accurate and reliable testing of critical parameters such as attenuation, length, light source quality, OTDR performance, and chromatic dispersion control. The project aligns with the need to strengthen telecommunications infrastructure in Venezuela, particularly in key cities such as Maracaibo, where companies like Airtek are already driving the expansion of high-speed networks. By providing an efficient and affordable tool, this research directly contributes to improving the signal quality and reliability of internet connections in the country, offering an avenue for investment and technological innovation in a vital sector for development. The methodology of this research is structured into five main phases to ensure comprehensive and systematic development. Phase I, "Analysis of the Current Situation," involves a thorough review of the current state of fiber optic networks and existing certification needs. Phase II, "Determine Technical Requirements," will define the exact specifications the prototype must meet to be functional and effective.
The study aimed to propose an agile approach to project management in procurement processes. The theoretical foundation was reinforced through the analysis of publications by authors such as Pinillos and Rodriguez (2023), Armijos, V & eacute;lez, and Logan (2024), and Bracho (2023), among others. The research was conducted using documentary and projective methods, with a bibliographic design. For the results, information was consulted about the advantages and disadvantages of three agile approaches such as Scrum, Kanban and XP, which represent methodologies with several years being applied, have sufficient bibliography so they are widely known in different types of organizations and projects, using two authors per approach, these advantages and disadvantages were captured in a comparative table, subsequently, results were analyzed in studies on agile methodologies applied to projects in general, two of them applied in companies, one in the construction area and another in the consulting area, and another at a documentary level through a bibliometric study, whose results showed the application of the Scrum approach as the most applied, then an analysis was developed with two research works related to projects in purchasing departments, where management models were applied to their projects using Scrum, this agile reference framework being the preferred one by the purchasing function, due to its practicality, high interaction with the client, short execution and development time.
The study presented the design of an FTTH communications network equipped with real-time self-reconfiguration capabilities in the event of a fault. This network operated through intelligent monitoring mechanisms and automated traffic management. In contexts where electrical or physical stability was limited as was evident in several rural areas of Latin America traditional infrastructures were prone to prolonged outages. The proposal incorporated automated routines for latency and loss of connectivity detection, complemented by automatic switching algorithms and redundant optical paths.These elements made it possible to dynamically modify traffic distribution and maintain service continuity without human intervention. During development, technologies such as GPON with support for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and redundant optical splitters were analyzed. Programmable controllers were also employed, which performed reconfigurations under predetermined error conditions. The results demonstrated that the autonomous FTTH architecture significantly increased network resilience, reduced downtime, and improved the end-user experience. Therefore, it was configured as a viable solution for areas with critical or limited infrastructure.
This article proposes to make a prototype that serves as a theoretical basis for a model of a new version of the National SCADA, given the difficulties and obsolescence of the current version, called MirandaR2 in its Stable Version 14976. The overall objective was to examine a proposal for a nationwide corporate SCADA. This proposal includes system architecture and SCADA system objectives, such as remote monitoring, automated control, and data management. In order for this proposal to provide a roadmap for the development of a SCADA system. It is theoretically based on the authors: Stuart G. McGrady, (2019) Scholl, (2021) Crompton (2021) Sama, (2023) Warnas, (2023). The content of this article was based on the bibliographic review of the available literature on the subject referred to, taking into account criteria of scientific articles indexed in databases such as: Scopus, Scielo and RedALyC among others, in order to obtain additional information about the subject, a chain search was used through queries in articles, reports and public documents that characterize and describe some SCADA development models. To limit the search, the filters available in each database were used. Different sources of information were consulted in scientific journals, and documents were selected, applying as an inclusion criterion those words that provided updated, relevant, reliable and quality information about the subject of research. Tables were applied to locate the analysis categories of the General Objective.
Corporate technology management has been driven by the demand for advanced functional schemes, with an emphasis on quality assurance in IT development. However, scenarios have been identified in the information technology sector lacking methodological standards, which has posed significant challenges. In response, the general objective of the study was established to develop a methodological model based on software engineering for quality assurance in the IT development process, aimed at systems production companies. Thus, a theoretical discourse was specified by Pressman and Maxim (2021), Blandon and Jaramillo (2023), as well as ISO (2020), focused on software engineering, processes, methodologies, including management and quality factors in the area. The research proposed a quantitative, applied, projective, field and non-experimental approach. In order, observation and survey techniques were executed, for the application of a checklist and questionnaire, previously validated by expert judgment and with a KR-20 reliability index of 0.89, for a sample of 45 participants, from 3 companies in the sector. Finally, the results showed the pronounced distancing of the entities from the principles and practices of software engineering, and IT quality standards, which strengthened the development of the InsideOut Model as a replicable and scalable methodological framework, capable of transforming and optimizing IT processes in the industry, combining specialization, quality and practicality, offering a robust model that drives continuous improvement and establishes a benchmark for excellence in software development.
The objective of this article was to analyze knowledge management for social leadership in achieving healthy work environments. The theoretical references for approaching knowledge management were Villasana et al. (2021) and Uribe's (2021) approach to social leadership, which are necessary strategies for managing knowledge for a specific purpose. The methodology was based on a qualitative approach, using a documentary review to conduct a content analysis. Regarding the findings, it is necessary to apply knowledge management for social leadership in achieving healthy work environments, with the purpose of stimulating the development and improvement of the professional and managerial spheres in organizations. This is taken into account that it is an excellent organizational management tool for combining efforts in occupational health and safety, avoiding the risks of occupational and occupational diseases. Likewise, it is highlighted that the daily practice of knowledge management for social leadership in achieving healthy work environments motivates managers to strengthen a sense of identity with the institution, ties that, when strengthened, project the institution toward better management.
The petrochemical industry, essential to modern life, is characterized by complex processes that require constant monitoring. Monitoring and control systems (SMC) play a crucial role in this context, guaranteeing the efficiency, safety and quality of operations.The proposals of different authors regarding the classification of systems, control theory, measurement technologies and applications of AI are analyzed. A taxonomy is established that allows SMCs to be approached from a systematic perspective, considering their structure, operation, behavior and adaptability to different industrial sectors. Monitoring and control systems are essential for the petrochemical industry, guaranteeing the efficiency, safety and quality of the processes. AI is transforming these systems, enabling the development of more intelligent and adaptive solutions. The integration of smart sensors, machine learning algorithms and advanced control techniques offers new possibilities to optimize processes, prevent failures, improve safety and ensure product quality. This research provides a theoretical and practical framework to understand the complexity of SMCs in the petrochemical industry and its impact on the future of the industry. The importance of measuring and controlling variables is emphasized, as well as the quality factors to consider. The proposed methodology combines applied and descriptive research, using analysis matrices to evaluate different aspects of the system. The research seeks to develop an intelligent system that improves the measurement and control of petrochemical process variables, which will translate into greater efficiency, safety and quality in production. This summary highlights the importance of monitoring and control systems in the petrochemical industry, the impact of AI on these systems and recommendations for future research and development in this field.
This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on strategic decision-making in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia, specifically in the Valledupar region. Grounded in Herbert Simon's (1957) bounded rationality theory and the studies on heuristics and cognitive biases by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), this research analyzes how AI can mitigate systematic errors in decision-making and enhance operational efficiency. The instrument's reliability is validated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (Nunnally, 1978), ensuring consistency in the results obtained. For data analysis, advanced machine learning techniques are implemented using Python within the Google Colab platform, applying neural network models (Ger & oacute;n, 2020) and genetic algorithms (Goldberg, 1989) to forecast consumption patterns and optimize resource allocation. In alignment with Holland's (1975) theories on complex adaptive systems, this study demonstrates that integrating AI into business management enables SMEs to enhance their competitiveness in volatile and highly uncertain markets. The results reveal that companies incorporating AI into their decision-making processes experience significant improvements in operational efficiency, cost reduction, and adaptability (Dwivedi, Wastlund & Ray, 2019). According to Marcus and Davis (2019), reliable and explainable AI is crucial for fostering trust in business adoption. Furthermore, these findings are contrasted with the studies of Cabanelas (2019), who examines the ethical advantages and challenges of AI in strategic decision-making, and Barrios, D & iacute;az, and Guerra (2020), who explore the interaction between human subjectivity and artificial intelligence within organizational environments. In conclusion, AI represents a strategic tool for strengthening the competitiveness of SMEs in the Colombian context by promoting intelligent decision automation. However, its implementation requires a gradual strategy, combining institutional support, advanced technology training, and the adaptation of algorithmic models to local business realities (Russell & Norvig, 2021). Beyond driving corporate economic growth, AI also contributes to regional development by increasing market participation and optimizing data-driven decision-making processes(Silva, Bonacelli & Pacheco, 2020).
This research proposes a Smart Green-based model for risk and safety management in industrial projects, integrating sustainable practices and smart technologies. It is theoretically supported by the authors Garc & iacute;a, M. and Fern & aacute;ndez, J. (2021), Grote, G. (2020), Hopkin, P. (2018), among others. Risk and safety management is crucial in these projects due to their inherent complexity and the lack of effective preventive management. The Smart Green model proposes an innovative solution that combines sustainable development and advanced technologies to optimize management processes, reduce deviations in time, cost and quality, and foster a preventive culture. This approach is expected to improve quality and safety, protect the interests of the company and customers, and promote knowledge management through the use of emerging technologies. The research uses a documentary and qualitative approach to build a solid theoretical framework and propose this conceptual model, with a non-experimental research design, valid for studies that seek to substantiate a problem or propose conceptual models. For the analysis, bibliometric studies were implemented estimating the degree of incidence and relevance of similar research, in addition to comparative tables and SWOT analysis that help to provide a more practical approach to industrial projects. This model not only seeks to optimize risk and safety management processes, but also promotes a preventive and proactive culture within organizations.
The purpose of this research was to present a proposal for the creation of a plant to obtain fruit pulp in the state of M & eacute;rida. The research was based on authors such as Baca (2016), Sapag and Sapag (2014), Miranda (2014), among others. The methodology applied was feasible project type documentary mode. The technique of data analysis was through documentary analysis, taking into account the categories: market study, technical, economic and risk aspects, thus allowing the development of the objective of the proposal, by performing the technical analysis to determine the ideal size and location of the plant, as well as the resources necessary for the normal production of the company, also details the production process and the equipment and machinery required, finally, the financial analysis was elaborated, using evaluation criteria through which the viability and profitability of the project is demonstrated. In this way the results showed that it is feasible to carry out the proposal Creation of a Plant for Obtaining Fruit Pulp in the State of M & eacute;rida, specifically in the town of La Azulita of Andr & eacute;s Bello municipality. The economic indexes yielded positive results with a NPV equal to USD 564.495,11 reaching an estimated return (IRR) of 40%.
The present research aimed to implement and evaluate the online educational platform based on the Moodle tool, for the use by students and specialists in anesthesiology for continuing medical education and the discussion of clinical cases. The type of research was field, descriptive and exploratory. The design was non-experimental without manipulation of variables, transversal-exploratory-descriptive. The target population included 50 medical professionals, including anesthesiology specialists (35) and anesthesia postgraduate students (15). Data collection was carried out through an observational survey consisting of 15 questions with scale-type options. Five indicators were analyzed: compliance with the platform's objectives, content and codes used, platform activities, interactivity and ease of access and management of the platform. Each indicator was confirmed by three questions. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, complemented by the visual presentation of results through graphs and tables. The results revealed that 65.33% of the participants indicated that the objectives of the platform were always met, 77.33% were satisfied with the quality and scientific updating, 74.67% were "always" satisfied with the activities. of the platform. Regarding interactivity, 81.33% stated that it was "always" good. In relation to ease of access and handling, 38.00% stated that entering the platform was "almost always" simple, fast and easy. In general, he could verify that the current situation of the online educational platform was very developed.
The present investigation had as general objective, to develop an Artificial Intelligence model with Robotic Systems for the Maintenance of Photovoltaic Panels.The factors that were identified were the types of artificial intelligence, reactive machines and the application of intelligent systems, whose analysis, presented a very high level of frequency in the activities carried out, which establishes the importance of using artificial intelligence for the maintenance of photovoltaic panels in companies, these represent the source for the development of technological knowledge to increase their competitiveness, in order to achieve the objectives set. The maintenance processes of photovoltaic panels in robotic systems, the types determined were: Maintenance processes of photovoltaic panels, the results showed a high level of acceptance by key informants, which shows that the types of Technologies have become the most powerful engine to achieve productivity, especially in the energy sector. The population consisted of 10 experts in the area of artificial intelligence and robotics. As a data collection technique, a questionnaire instrument consisting of forty-three (43) items was used, with frequency alternatives for professionals with managerial roles. In turn, a forced choice scaling of the "Periodicity or frequency" type was used; to determine validity, the judgment of 10 experts was used; its reliability was determined through Cronbach's Alpha with a high level of 0.9809. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on absolute and relative frequencies.
The objective of this research is to develop a threat modeling methodology focused on organizations within the insurance sector in Caracas, Venezuela. To achieve the objective of this article, a bibliographic review of various threat modeling methodologies was used to identify their focus and analysis methods to generate the proposed model. Likewise, the model was evaluated through the application of each of its phases on an insurance company, whose headquarters are in Caracas, Venezuela. The identification of the business objectives and the technical scope of its critical business processes was achieved through interviews with IT (Information Technology) personnel. Subsequently, each of the IT elements that make up the critical processes were analyzed to identify the cybersecurity vulnerabilities in each of them. Next, the threats were categorized to finally generate conceptual diagrams for the identified attack vectors, so that the company can visualize the attack process and how it impacts its business processes. The proposed methodology proved to be useful to complement the risk analysis processes. Furthermore, due to the nature of insurance companies in Latin America, it is flexible to be applied to any other company in this sector within the region.
This research aims to review the technical requirements for the process of cutting and cooking fried plantain flakes of the company Frituras de Jos & eacute; C.A. It was based on the guidelines of Savant (2001), Fitzgerald (2003), Antonio Creus Sole (2011), among others. The research was documentary and descriptive. Similarly, it was proposed that, during this stage, the operation of the system to be developed was defined as precisely as possible, for which the input and output stimuli were established, without stopping to analyze the reasons; specifying only what is going to be developed and not why it was developed. Once the variables of the current process carried out by the company were defined, the specifications of the automated system for the cutting and cooking process were determined, describing its operation and characteristics. The research results obtained from observing the company's process for cutting and cooking fried plantain flakes led to the analysis of missing variables using books, datasheets, magazines, articles, and other sources. These components were then collected to meet the technical requirements. The purpose of the automated fried plantain flakes cutting and cooking system is to standardize the process, streamline transitions between each stage, improve productivity, and reduce staffing.
