This study examined the mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship between unfinished business and psychological resilience among university students. A total of 434 undergraduate students (299 females, 134 males, 1 other; Mage = 22.21, SDage = 3.95) participated in the study. Participants completed a demographic information form, the Unfinished Business Scale, the Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale - Short Form, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (assessing self-, other-, and situational forgiveness). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses, and multiple mediation analyses with Process Model 4 employing regression-based bootstrapping techniques. The results indicated that the proposed mediation model explained 23% of the variance in psychological resilience. Self-forgiveness emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between unfinished business and psychological resilience, whereas forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations did not demonstrate significant mediating effects. Specifically, unfinished business was associated with lower psychological resilience through reduced self-forgiveness. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing psychological resilience among university students experiencing unfinished business may particularly benefit from fostering self-forgiveness.
Research indicates a link between social media addiction and eating disorders. However, an ongoing debate persists regarding the mediating and/or moderating factors that may influence this relationship. Therefore, this study explored how body appreciation mediates the connection between social media addiction and eating disorders while also examining the moderating role of gender on this mediation effect. A total of 333 college students (Mage = 22.99; SDage = 2.95) participated in and completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, and a Demographic Information Form. Results from the moderated mediation analysis using Hayes's PROCESS Version 4.2 (Model 59) revealed that social media addiction was indirectly associated with eating disorder symptoms via body appreciation. Notably, this mediation effect was significant for women but not for men. This indicates that for women, excessive social media usage may contribute to disordered eating by undermining their positive body image. We discussed the implications of the findings for future research, as well as for interventions and prevention strategies aimed at educators and mental health professionals working with emerging adult women.
This three-wave longitudinal study employed separate cross-lagged panel models to examine the temporal associations among hope, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes (anxiety and depression) among Chinese college students (N = 445). Data collected over three time points at six-month intervals revealed reciprocal positive prediction between hope and self-compassion, indicating that these psychological resources may mutually sustain each other over time. Additionally, self-compassion consistently predicted lower subsequent levels of both anxiety and depression, while anxiety demonstrated a negative predictive effect on later self-compassion. Longitudinal mediation analyses suggested that self-compassion served as a significant pathway through which hope was associated with subsequent reductions in both anxiety and depression. These findings highlight the longitudinal link between hope and self-compassion and underscore self-compassion's role as a potential protective factor against emotional distress. The study provides empirical support for integrating hope and self-compassion into targeted interventions aimed at addressing anxiety and depression in college student populations.
Migraine is a chronic neurological condition that significantly impairs daily functioning and quality of life. This study investigated how psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and pain catastrophizing, influence migraine symptom severity and quality of life among 128 patients attending outpatient clinics in SADAT City, Egypt. Participants completed validated Arabic versions of the Migraine Disability Assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale. Findings revealed high levels of psychological distress, with over two-thirds of participants reporting elevated anxiety and depression symptoms. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that depression and perceived stress were strong predictors of migraine severity and diminished quality of life, while anxiety and catastrophizing also contributed significantly. Female participants exhibited higher anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and catastrophizing levels compared to males. These results highlight the central role of psychological distress in exacerbating migraine burden and reducing overall well-being. The findings emphasize the necessity of integrating psychological assessment and interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management, into migraine treatment plans. This study contributes to the literature by simultaneously examining multiple psychological predictors of migraine disability and migraine-specific quality of life within an underrepresented clinical population in Egypt, providing further evidence for the biopsychosocial understanding of migraine. Addressing emotional and cognitive factors may enhance clinical outcomes and improve patients' functional and emotional quality of life.
Hate, an intense negative emotion, can disrupt and damage interpersonal relationships following transgressions. Despite its destructive potential, the psychological mechanism that fuels hate remains poorly understood. Anger has been identified as a primary component of hate, yet anger and hate differ in their appraisal tendencies and motivational goals. This raises a critical question: how does anger contribute to the emergence of hate? To address this, the present study examined the interplay among anger, anger rumination, grudge, and hate. A total of 740 participants completed self-report measures of these constructs. Using network analysis with regularization methods, followed by serial mediation analysis, we mapped the structural relations among the variables and tested directional pathways. Network analysis revealed grudge as the most central and influential variable showing the highest strength, betweenness, and closeness indices. Further, serial mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between anger and hate is serially mediated by anger rumination and grudge. These findings suggest that when anger is not regulated effectively, it may intensify through ruminative thinking and unresolved grudges, resulting in hate. The findings highlight the importance of targeting the maladaptive anger process, particularly rumination and unresolved grudges, in interventions designed to prevent interpersonal anger from transforming into hate.
Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, this study examines how psychological capital (PsyCap) translates into employee performance through self-leadership and how this process unfolds under toxic leadership conditions. Extending JD-R theory, we propose that personal resources require behavioral activation mechanisms and function contingently within adverse leadership contexts. Data were collected from 406 employees in the Turkish banking sector. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4 was utilized to test the proposed conditional process model. This study extends JD-R theory by demonstrating that personal resources are neither automatically performance-producing nor universally protective. Results indicate that PsyCap enhances employee performance through self-leadership, supporting a complementary mediation path where self-leadership serves as the primary conduit for resource mobilization. While toxic leadership negatively impacts performance, PsyCap acts as a demand-contingent buffer, significantly attenuating these detrimental effects as leadership toxicity increases. Additionally, multi-group analysis reveals that internal agency mechanisms are career-stage contingent: seniors use PsyCap as a protective buffer (moderation), while juniors rely more on the behavioral activation (PsyCap to SL) of their resources. By integrating motivational and buffering mechanisms, the findings contribute to global goals for decent work and employee well-being (SDG 3 & 8).
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by an increased self-perception of one's own appearance and an intense aspiration for beauty, which may elevate the likelihood of being easily suggestible, cause mental suffering, and impair ego functions. This study investigated the direct and indirect impacts of suggestibility and psychic pain on symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) through the mediating role of defense mechanisms. The study encompassed 150 BDD patients chosen through purposive sampling in a cross-sectional design. The data were collected using the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale-Form C (SHSS-C), the Mental Pain Scale (MPS), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS). Suggestibility and psychic pain indicated significant direct effects on BDD. Analysis showed that suggestibility and psychic pain have significant positive indirect roles in BDD through the mediating role of defense mechanisms. Altogether, suggestibility, psychic pain, and defense mechanisms explained 78.2% variations of the variation in symptoms of BDD. The results showed a good conceptual model of the direct and indirect effects of suggestibility and psychic pain on BDD symptoms, mediated by defense mechanisms in this study. These findings have practical implications for the management of suggestibility, psychic pain, and immature and neurotic defensive mechanisms in patients with BDD using community-based programs and psychodynamic psychotherapies.
University students navigate a critical developmental period that can challenge psychological wellbeing. Most research addresses symptoms or single risk factors, but less is known about how internal strengths and contextual supports jointly shape it. This study aimed to identify latent profiles of psychosocial functioning based on indicators of wellbeing, psychological distress, internal and external resources. Italian university students (N = 1077; Mage = 21.78; range = 19-29; 77.6% female) completed self-report measures assessing wellbeing, internalizing symptoms, and personal, social, and academic resources. Four distinct profiles emerged by latent profile analysis: Flourishing-Low Symptoms (21.4%), the most resilient group; Moderate Symptoms-Relational Supported (21.0%), with moderate symptoms but intact supports; Intermediate Symptoms-Relational Strain (36.2%), with moderate symptoms and relational difficulties; Distressed-Low Wellbeing (21.4%), showing highest distress and lowest resources. Profiles also differed significantly in sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and across all psychological, interpersonal, and contextual variables. The distinction between the two intermediate profiles indicates that similar levels of distress may coexist with different configurations of relational support, suggesting the need for differentiated preventive interventions. Findings emphasize the central role of external supports and relational contexts in sustaining students' adjustment and show that differences in internal resources meaningfully separate more resilient from more vulnerable profiles.
The philosophy of science has evolved from ancient times to the present day. Even today’s advancements in information technology are inextricably linked to the philosophy of science. Information systems are a key component of these technological advancements. They have evolved from mere technical tools for managing data into socially constructed entities rich in meaning that influence various aspects of society. This demonstrates that information systems cannot be separated from the social, cultural, and ethical contexts that surround them. The connection between the philosophy of science and information systems has become increasingly significant with the advent of AI technology. The philosophy of science has three main pillars—ontology, epistemology, and axiology—which serve as its conceptual and methodological foundations. Ontology provides a framework for representing reality that serves as the foundation for system modeling; epistemology guides research paradigms and the methodologies used to acquire and validate knowledge; while axiology emphasizes the importance of values and ethics in both the design and implementation of information systems. With the development of technology, information systems are no longer viewed merely as technical devices, but rather as social constructs with far-reaching impacts. This transformation has become increasingly evident in the era of AI, making the philosophy of science a critical instrument that guides technological innovation to remain aligned with human values and broader social goals.
Sanitasi lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit yang ditularkan melalui vektor. Kondisi lingkungan yang tidak terkelola dengan baik dapat mendukung berkembangnya berbagai vektor penyakit, salah satunya lalat rumah (Musca domestica) yang diketahui mampu membawa berbagai mikroorganisme patogen penyebab penyakit seperti diare, disentri, dan tifoid. Kawasan pelabuhan merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat aktivitas manusia serta mobilitas barang yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan kebersihan lingkungan. Apabila pengelolaan sanitasi tidak dilakukan secara optimal, kondisi tersebut dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung perkembangan lalat sebagai vektor penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan terhadap keberadaan vektor lalat di area sekitar Pelabuhan Ferry Kendari–Langara Kota Kendari tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain observasional deskriptif dan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 21 titik pengamatan yang berada dalam radius 100 meter dari area utama pelabuhan dan ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung dengan menggunakan alat fly grill untuk mengukur tingkat kepadatan lalat serta lembar observasi sanitasi untuk menilai kebersihan lingkungan dan kondisi fasilitas jamban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lokasi memiliki kondisi kebersihan lingkungan yang tergolong baik yaitu sebanyak 14 lokasi (66,67%), sedangkan 7 lokasi lainnya (33,33%) masih berada pada kategori kurang baik. Kondisi jamban yang memenuhi persyaratan sanitasi ditemukan pada 12 lokasi (57,14%), sementara 9 lokasi (42,86%) belum memenuhi standar. Pengukuran kepadatan lalat menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,62 dengan nilai minimum 0,60 dan maksimum 7,80. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sanitasi lingkungan, khususnya kebersihan lingkungan dan fasilitas jamban, berpotensi mempengaruhi keberadaan vektor lalat di kawasan pelabuhan.
Health problems are one of the important elements in the development program of the nation and state. Public health status is influenced by four main factors, namely environmental factors, behavior/lifestyle, health services and genetics or heredity. Health problems that occur in Tanjung Laimeo Village, Sawah District, North Konawe Regency are caused by various factors. This study aims to determine priority health problems in Tanjung Laimeo Village. This study is a descriptive observational study with 55 respondents. This study was conducted in Laimeo Village, Sawah District, North Konawe Regency from January 29 to February 11, 2026. Data were collected through document searches at the community health center and direct interviews with respondents. Data analysis to determine priority health problems used the CARL method (Capability; Accessibility; Readiness; Leverage). Scoring is based on mutual agreement, namely 1 = Very not a problem; 2 = not a problem; 3 = quite a problem; 4 = Very much a problem; and 5 = Very much a problem (absolute). Furthermore, the results of the subsequent analysis are presented in tabular form and accompanied by a narrative.
Academic procrastination is a tendency for students to delay completing academic tasks which can have an impact on declining learning achievement. This behavior is often found in students in formal educational settings, including at the Junior High School level. One of the psychological factors that is suspected to be related to this behavior is the adversity quotient, which is the individual's ability to face and overcome difficulties. Students who have a high adversity quotient tend to have better fighting power in facing academic challenges so that they are able to reduce academic procrastination behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between adversity quotient and academic procrastination in students of SMPN 23 Medan. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The study population was 1052 students, with a sample of 285 students selected from several classes. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test which was preceded by the normality test and the linearity test. The results of the study show that there is a strong and significant relationship between adversity quotient and academic procrastination with the direction of negative relationships. This shows that the lower the adversity quotient of students, the higher the tendency of academic procrastination
Affective touch plays a major role in emotional development, and deficits may be linked to later psychological difficulties. Past research has shown that emotion dysregulation and dissociation are common in both borderline personality traits and psychosis proneness. This study explored the relationship between childhood affective touch, borderline traits, and psychosis proneness, with emotion dysregulation and dissociation as mediators. It also examined whether dissociation would mediate the link between borderline personality features and psychosis proneness. A sample of 206 participants completed online self-report measures assessing childhood affective touch, emotion dysregulation, dissociative experiences, borderline traits, and psychosis proneness. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations, multiple regression, and PROCESS Model 6. Childhood affective touch was indirectly linked to both borderline traits and psychosis proneness through emotion dysregulation and dissociation. Direct effects were not significant, supporting full mediation. Furthermore, dissociation significantly mediated the relationship between borderline personality features and psychosis proneness. Results suggest that early affective touch problems may contribute to psychological outcomes through effects on emotion regulation and dissociation. Future research should include clinical samples and a longitudinal design to better understand these pathways.
Evaluating novel opportunities under uncertainty is inherently cognitively demanding, yet limited research has examined how perceived mental effort relates to such judgments. Drawing on Cognitive Load Theory, this study investigates how perceived cognitive effort is associated with evaluative judgments when individuals assess technologically novel stimuli. Using a vignette-based experimental survey in which the innovativeness of the technological stimulus was manipulated (high vs. low), data were collected from 404 technology-oriented entrepreneurs, with all focal constructs measured through self-report scales. Perceived cognitive effort was associated with lower opportunity beliefs and expected returns. Risk-taking propensity attenuated the negative association between cognitive effort and expected returns, while informational social influence mitigated its negative association with opportunity beliefs. These findings indicate that perceived cognitive effort functions as a conditional cognitive constraint rather than a uniformly inhibiting factor in judgment under uncertainty.
Stunting and motor development disorders are crucial global health issues for human resource quality, where Indonesia's national stunting prevalence still reached 21.5% in 2023. At the local level, a preliminary survey at Bangun Rejo Village indicated that 50% of mothers ignored the crawling phase due to a lack of literacy regarding the importance of gross motor stimulation. Background: The need for structured interventions such as prone kneeling stimulation is an important variable to be studied to accelerate the functional maturity of muscles and nerves during the golden period of infant growth. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of prone kneeling stimulation on infants' crawling ability at Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District in 2025. Methods: The research design used a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design on a sample of 43 infants selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected through direct observation using the Crawling Guideline Australia guide sheet during the period of January–March 2025 and analyzed using the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The research findings showed that the majority of respondents were aged 8–9 months (58.1%) and female (51.2%). Bivariate analysis revealed that infants given stimulation had a crawling success rate of 86.4%, while the group without stimulation only reached 38.1%. Statistical tests showed a p-value = 0.001, which means there is a significant relationship between prone kneeling stimulation and crawling ability. Conclusion: Prone kneeling intervention is proven effective in facilitating infants' gross motor development; therefore, it is suggested for health facilities to integrate this stimulation technique into routine educational programs for parents..
Marriage is an important part of a person's life, and in some cultures, parents have a lot of power over who their children marry. Islamic law in Indonesia lets parents have a voice in who their children marry, but child protection laws stress that minors have the freedom to pick their own partners. This study seeks to evaluate the legal authority of parents in selecting their children's spouses, through an analysis of Islamic law and child protection rules in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating a literature review from many legal sources, including Islamic law texts, Indonesian legislation, and perspectives from legal and child protection professionals. The results show that Islamic law gives parents the right to advise their children on who to marry, while Indonesian child protection laws put more emphasis on the kid's freedom to pick their spouse freely and without pressure. In conclusion, even though Islamic law and child protection laws don't agree on everything, they both stress the need of balancing the rights of parents and children when choosing a life partner.
In the digital age, individuals are increasingly exposed to negative online content, contributing to the widespread behavior known as doomscrolling. Doomscrolling may negatively affect cognitive and emotional processes, as well as psychological variables such as rumination, hope, and subjective vitality. The present study examined the serial mediating roles of rumination and hope in the relationship between doomscrolling and subjective vitality among 324 adults (M = 35.24, SD = 10.44) from different regions of Türkiye. Structural equation modeling revealed that doomscrolling indirectly decreased subjective vitality through increased rumination and reduced hope. Specifically, higher levels of doomscrolling were associated with greater rumination, which in turn diminished hope and subjective vitality. These findings suggest that repetitive negative thought patterns and decreased belief in future goals may undermine well-being. Strengthening hope and adopting digital self-regulation strategies-such as limiting news exposure, taking social media breaks, and practicing digital detox-may serve as protective factors against the detrimental effects of doomscrolling.
Loneliness has increasingly become a focal point of empirical research. In identifying psychological vulnerabilities associated with loneliness, emotion regulation difficulties have emerged as a potential risk factor. While a robust association between emotion dysregulation and loneliness is well established, longitudinal evidence remains limited. To address this gap, we surveyed a community sample (N = 492 at baseline; 374 women; Mage = 25.47 years; n = 368 at T2, n = 229 at T3) over six months, with assessments at three time points. We tested a three-wave, time-separated mediation model examining the prospective associations between baseline emotion regulation difficulties and loneliness assessed six months later, with social anxiety and depressive symptoms at T2 specified as parallel mediators. After adjusting for prior levels of the focal constructs and concurrent associations among T2 variables, baseline emotion regulation difficulties predicted higher levels of social anxiety and depressive symptoms at T2. Only social anxiety at T2 was associated with loneliness at T3, and the indirect association from baseline emotion regulation difficulties to loneliness at T3 was supported through social anxiety. These findings suggest that emotion dysregulation may be linked to later loneliness primarily via elevated social anxiety, highlighting the value of intervention approaches that target emotion regulation skills and social anxiety in efforts to reduce loneliness.
Hostile co-parenting can escalate during separation and divorce with significant ramifications on family relationships. The relational and private nature of this behavior can make it hard to document, study, and understand. The purpose of the present study was to determine how relational aggression targeting the co-parent (and former romantic partner), is associated with relational aggression targeting the parent-child bond. The sample consisted of 103 divorced/separated parents (45% fathers) who were co-parenting at least one child with their former partner (Mage years = 43.66, SD = 9.39). Parents completed measures assessing their engagement in different forms of relational aggression (toward their former partner and the child(ren)), relational abuse (from their romantic partner and their child(ren)), maladaptive personality traits, and vignettes assessing perceptions of loyalty/betrayal. Results suggest that parents who reported elevated levels of romantic relational abuse and who had stronger beliefs about betrayal (rating it as morally unacceptable) also reported more frequent engagement in both forms of relational aggression. Maladaptive personality traits (both psychopathic and narcissistic traits) were linked with romantic relational aggression. Perceptions of loyalty moderated the link between parental narcissistic traits and romantic relational aggression; and the link between parental psychopathic traits and excluding the co-parent, with parents more strongly opposed, engaging in these behaviors. The positive association among the two forms of relational aggression suggest that parent-child bond-breaking behaviors are best understood in the context of wider engagement in relational aggression, however each form of relational aggression has its unique nuances which need to be considered when developing prevention and intervention programs.
Academic procrastination is prevalent among Chinese college students, significantly impacting their academic performance and quality of life. As a stable personality, the underlying pathway linking trait anxiety to academic procrastination among college students requires further investigation. This study aims to explore the association between trait anxiety and academic procrastination while examining the chained mediating pathway formed by self-control and short video addiction. Using data from a two-wave longitudinal study of 727 Chinese college students, this study employs cross-lagged and mediation models to systematically examine the relationship between trait anxiety and academic procrastination, as well as the mediation role of self-control in short video addiction. Research findings indicate that trait anxiety is associated with a direct positive influence on academic procrastination. Additionally, trait anxiety is also associated with academic procrastination through chain mediation effects involving self-control and short video addiction. Furthermore, we discovered a potential reciprocal relationship between short video addiction and academic procrastination. This study offers a new perspective on the relationship between trait anxiety and academic procrastination, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent interventions.
