Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stands as a significant global cancer, contributing to increased illness and death rates. It ranks sixth among cancers worldwide, with over 550,000 new cases each year. Major databases such as Medline were explored detailed literature search in resulting in a systematic review pertaining to podoplanin. Fourteen scientific articles dated between 2020 – 2024 pertaining to podoplanin were highlighted. Podoplanin (PDPN) has emerged as a pivotal player in tumor behavior and progression across various carcinomas. Structurally unique, PDPN lacks recognizable functional domains but exerts profound effects on cell behavior through interactions with various proteins, orchestrating processes such as tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Detailed information regarding podoplanin and its vital role in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology is discussed in this systematic review.
La infección por COVID-19, declarada pandemia mundial, afecta a todos los grupos de edad, si bien los niños representan un porcentaje bajo de infección, es importante mencionar que tienen un papel relevante en la transmisión del virus, por otro lado, se ha informado que los pacientes pediátricos tienden a generar un síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico que se encuentra asociado a COVID-19, dicho síndrome compromete la vida del paciente. El espectro y cuadro clínico de los pacientes pediátricos es muy variado y generalmente cursan con síntomas inespecíficos para la enfermedad, por ello, es importante determinar este cuadro de signos y síntomas en este grupo poblacional para distinguir cuando nos enfrentamos a un caso sospechoso o a un caso positivo, lo que ayudará a brindar atención temprana a pacientes que puedan presentar riesgo de sufrir complicaciones. El propósito de la presente revisión bibliográfica es dar a conocer el cuadro clínico del COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos. Se concluye indicando que a pesar de que la infección por COVID-19 en niños representa un porcentaje muy bajo, es importante una mejora contínua en el conocimiento sobre la epidemiología, sintomatología y todo el cuadro clínico en relación al COVID-19 en los pacientes pediátricos, con el fin de prevenir síndromes más graves de la enfermedad y actuar a tiempo para la mejora del paciente.
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en la población general, y los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes no son una excepción. Este aumento no puede explicarse exclusivamente por la mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en este grupo de pacientes. Una de las causas del aumento del riesgo cardiovascular entre los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes puede ser el impacto negativo de estas afecciones en el perfil lipídico. Las pruebas indican que las dislipidemias pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mayoría de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Las alteraciones del perfil lipídico, con cambios en las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas, han sido poco estudiadas como marcadores de riesgo en pacientes con diferentes enfermedades autoinmunes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el papel de la dislipidemia como factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes.
Tumor hypoxia plays a critical role in cancer progression and treatment resistance, and gene expression-based scoring systems such as Buffa, Ragnum, and Winter have been developed to quantify hypoxia levels. Under-standing the relationship between hypoxia, survival outcomes, and clinical stratifiers like molecular subtype and race is essential for advancing personalized care in breast cancer. Hypoxia scores were analyzed across tumor stages using Buffa, Ragnum, and Winter models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis evaluated the prognostic impact of high versus low Buffa scores on progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Stratified analyses were conducted by molecular subtype, AJCC stage, and race. Pearson correlation measured concordance among hypoxia scores. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed using MANTIS and MSI Sensor scores, and their association with genomic instability (Fraction Genome Altered) was explored. Buffa and Winter scores revealed higher hypoxia in inter-mediate stages (IIA, IIB), whereas Ragnum showed more uniform levels. Elevated Buffa scores were significantly associated with worse PFS, DFS, and DSS. Lumi-nal A subtype had better prognosis than Basal-like and Luminal B; advanced stages and Black or African American patients showed poorer outcomes. Strong correlations were found among hypoxia scores (r = 0.65-0.88). Most tumors were microsatellite stable, but a subset with high MSI Sensor scores also showed increased genomic alterations. Hypoxia levels vary by stage and scoring system and are strongly linked to survival outcomes. Molecular subtype, tumor stage, and race significantly affect prognosis, emphasizing the need for multidimensional stratification. Hypoxia scores are concordant and useful, and MSI may contribute to genomic instability in specific subgroups of breast cancer.
Umbilical skin metastasis is also known as sister joseph nodules. Its occurrence in carcinoma of the colon is considered to be rare. The finding of umbilical metastasis indicates a poorer prognosis for the patient and a less survival rate. The Sister Mary Joseph nodule can be mistaken for a number of cutaneous tumors that grow on the umbilicus. Histological/cytological assessments of all umbilical sores are obligatory, to decide its inclination and furthermore for the possible primary source.
