Based on the clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis( AD) in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) and Western medicine,the existing animal models were analyzed,and the coincidence degree,advantages and disadvantages between the models and the clinical manifestations of AD were evaluated,so as to provide reference for establishing a rational animal model. After consulting relevant literatures in recent years and summarizing the existing modeling methods,it is found that spontaneous,transgenic/gene knockout models were highly consistent,but with high breeding conditions and expensive prices. The hapten-induced model was low in cost and fast in modeling. It revealed the corresponding mechanism of AD to a certain extent,but did not fully reflect the state of the entire process of AD. The modeling method was guided by Western medicine,but with a lack of pathogenic factors of traditional Chinese medicine,and so has certain limitations in TCM research. Therefore,it is necessary to combine the etiology,pathogenesis and clinical mani-festations of AD with traditional Chinese and Western medicine,so as to improve the coincidence degree between the model and the characteristics of clinical symptoms and lay the foundation for in-depth studies on AD.
Blood-letting therapy is extensively used in acupuncture clinic. In recent years, the author has applied blood-letting therapy to treat various kinds of diseases, with satisfactory therapeutic results reported in the following.
目的：应用冠状动脉灌注兔心室楔形组织块模型观察3种常见中药单体对心肌电生理特性和心脏安全性的影响。方法：采用冠状动脉灌注兔右心室楔形组织块模型，对模型施加基础刺激周长（BCL）1 000 ms的基础刺激，稳定1 h后进行实验；实验药物组给予3种中药单体（甘草次酸、小檗碱和青藤碱）各4个给药浓度；对照组给予与溶解3种中药单体各给药浓度相同容积的二甲基亚砜（DMSO）；观察对跨壁心电图QRS复合波时程、QT间期、T波峰值至终点的时程（Tp-e）的影响，以及是否引发早期后除极（EAD）和尖端扭转性室速（TdP）。结果：与对照组比较，甘草次酸在2个相对较高浓度时（10、30μmol/L）增宽QRS，且无明显的使用依赖性，同时显著缩短QT，具有INa抑制作用；小檗碱延长QT和Tp-e间期，且呈浓度依赖性，在2个相对高浓度时（10、30μmol/L）诱发心内膜EAD，表现出快速延迟整流钾电流（IKr）抑制作用；青藤碱延长QT间期，且呈浓度依赖性，在2个相对高浓度时（30、100μmol/L）轻度增宽QRS，且表明出较弱的使用依赖性，提示其在较低浓度时抑制IKr，较高浓度时抑制钠电流（INa）。结论：基于冠状动脉灌注兔心室楔形组织块模型，研究药物导致的心电图（ECG）和动作电位（AP）改变，简单有效地评估3种中药单体的浓度依赖性电生理特性和致心律失常潜在风险。
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in preventing and treating depression based on holistic concepts and syndrome differentiation and treatment. Liver depression and spleen deficiency are the main syndrome of depression. Danzhi Xiaoyao powder has the efficacy of soothing the liver and relieving depression, nourishing blood, and strengthening spleen. Present studies have proven that it has antidepressant efficacy for the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency. The basic research on pharmacodynamic substances has found that the main active ingredients of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder in the treatment of depression include bupleu-rum saponin, paeonol, gardenoside, angelica polysaccharide, sulfate polysaccharide, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, atractylone, etc. In clinical practice, Danzhi Xiaoyao powder is often modified to make it more suitable according to the characteristics of pathogene-sis and changes in the disease condition. Our research group has found that"brain and spirit failure and liver failing to disperse"are the main pathogenesis of depression. Based on the theory of"liver–brain cotreatment,"the treatment principle of"dispersing the liver and relieving depression, strengthening brain and benefiting intelligence"was put forward. On the basis of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder, Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) was added to enlighten the mind and Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) to calm the mind and benefit intelligence. The modified Danzhi Xiaoyao powder was formulated, and its clinical effects on depression were remarkable. Animal experiments also confirmed that modified Danzhi Xiaoyao powder can significantly improve the depres-sion-like behavior of depression model rats and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the increase of the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine, which provides a reference for the further promotion of the clinical application of modified Danzhi Xiaoyao powder in the treatment of depression.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Compound Shizhifang (SZF), consisting of the seeds of four Chinese herbs, has been used in Shanghai Shuguang Hospital in China for more than 20 years and has proven its clinical safety and efficacy in lowering uric acid and protecting kidney function. Aim of the study: Hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells serves as a significant cause of tubular damage. SZF proves to be effective in alleviating renal tubular injury and inflammation infil-tration of HUA. However, the inhibiting effect of SZF on pyroptosis in HUA still remains elusive. This study aims to verify whether SZF could ameliorate pyroptosis in tubular cells induced by uric acid (UA). Materials and methods: Quality control analysis and chemical and metabolic identification for SZF and SZF drug serum were performed by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In vitro, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by UA were treated with SZF or NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950). HUA mouse models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (PO). Mice were treated with SZF, allopurinol or MCC950. We focused on evaluated the effect of SZF on the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, renal function, pathologic structure and inflammation. Results: SZF significantly restrained the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in vitro and in vivo induced by UA. SZF was better than allopurinol and MCC950 in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, attenuating tubular inflammatory injury, inhibiting interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilation, maintaining tubular epithelial cell function, and protecting kidney. Furthermore, 49 chemical compounds of SZF and 30 metabolites in serum after oral administration were identified. Conclusions: SZF inhibits UA-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis via by targeting NLRP3 to inhibit tubular inflammatory and prevent the progression of HUA-induced renal injury effectively.
