In the context of the global energy transition, Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies are becoming one of the key mechanisms for implementing international climate policy and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. The article provides a systematic analysis of a new stage in the development of CCS infrastructure in the world and especially in Europe, where a separate transnational market for CO₂ storage is being formed. At the same time, Norway occupies a special place, implementing innovative projects in the North Sea and acting as an operational and technological leader in this segment. Based on industry reviews, strategies, and reports for 2024‒2025, the scale of investments, the role of regulatory regulation, and emission pricing mechanisms as the main driver of the market are revealed. A number of projects such as Northern Lights and the wave of export-import contracts for CO₂ storage for companies in France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and other countries are being considered. Engineering solutions are analyzed: marine logistics, underground injection complexes, digital monitoring, and the use of reusable infrastructure in the oil and gas industry. The key challenges – geological, economic, social – as well as the possible influence of political factors, including the prospects for a change in the US climate strategy and the strengthening of China’s role, were noted. Special attention is paid to the integration of CCS with hydrogen production and the prospects for synergy with other “green” technologies in the energy sector and industry. The conclusion is drawn about the formation of a new sectoral structure and a long-term institutional core of European decarbonization. The strategic success of the Norwegian model lies in the integrated concentration of technological, regulatory, logistical and financial solutions, which turns the country into the EU’s “carbon hub”, resistant to geopolitical fluctuations.
The works of the world-famous German philosopher Yu. Habermas of recent years are considered in the perspective of their significance for the domestic political process of Germany in the context of structural changes in the global political process and the changing role of Germany. It is possible to understand works that seem contradictory and come into meaningful conflict with Habermas' previous views only by linking them in the context of the changing political culture of Germany. These changes include the abolition of the fundamental principles that created the internal and foreign policy profile of the former Germany as a stable, peaceful force that professed “constitutional patriotism”, preferred a normative policy and focused on diplomatic solutions to conflicts. After briefly describing the role of Habermas in the intra-German intellectual process and in European thought, the study turns to the first and most important work of the “late Habermas” — “The Dilemma of the West. War and Indignation” (spring 2022). It is shown that Habermas' arguments in favor of diplomatic solutions in relations with Russia have changed the nature of the perception of the topic in the public sphere of Germany, reviving the polyphony of discourse. Habermas's subsequent works on the changes, problems and conflicts of the modern period, even such as the plaid in support of Israel's actions in Gaza, logically fit into the philosopher's main goal — to keep Germany within the framework of a political culture that has provided it with peace and stability for decades and prevent a return to nationalism. Special attention is paid to the last speech (“Munich Speech”, November 2025). In conclusion, it is pointed out that Jurgen Habermas is a philosopher of “Bonn” Germany and will inevitably be historicized along with the bygone era, since he does not offer solutions acceptable to the current systemic policy of Germany and the emerging new German political thought. Since, however, the “Bonn political culture” was the most successful for Germany, he will remain remembered as the “Hegel of the Federal Republic” (die Zeit), and if sometime in a new turn of history world politics becomes normative and the power of reason translates seemingly insoluble contradictions into the form of dialogue, the world will return to Habermas not in a historical, and in the modern context.
The article examines the issue of hybrid wars in the context of the confrontation between Turkey and the Republic of Cyprus within the geopolitical subsystem of the Eastern Mediterranean. The authors, relying in part on sources little known outside the Greek-Cypriot research discourse, describe and classify the methods of Turkey’s hybrid warfare against Cyprus. The conflict is also being used by Ankara in the context of its confrontation with the EU. Against the backdrop of the contradictions within the NATO — Turkey — Cyprus triangle, the factors hindering Cyprus’s full integration into the European defense and security strategy, including in the area of countering hybrid threats, are identified. It is noted that Ankara’s actions aimed at weakening state and social structures, information attacks, and the demonstration of force have become part of the “geopolitical normality” of Cypriot society. The analysis of the hybrid conflict between the two countries can be seen as an informative and dynamic case capable of contributing to the actively developing theory of hybrid wars in their regional dimension.
The growing fragmentation of the global economy is significantly affecting global, transregional, and intercountry investment flows. This article examines the main trends in investment cooperation between Russia and Türkiye in the context of increasing global tensions. It is hypothesized that Türkiye may serve not only as a trade hub but also as an investment hub in economic ties with Russia. The study analyzes the factors of Russian-Turkish investment cooperation, taking into account the degree and nature of the Turkish economy's investment openness. The potential for investment cooperation between the two countries is examined from the perspective of the concept of friendshoring and Turkey's “strategic autonomy”. It is noted that the mutual investment attractiveness of Russia and Turkey is largely determined by the complementarity of their economies. It assesses the dynamics and structure of mutual direct investment, as well as the industry structure of companies established in Türkiye with Russian participation, both in terms of invested capital and the number of established enterprises. It is established that, following the imposition of large-scale anti-Russian sanctions by the West, investment cooperation between Russia and Türkiye has intensified. Russian direct investment in Türkiye significantly exceeds the reciprocal volume of Turkish capital, but its dynamics are more volatile. It is concluded that the Turkish economy's high dependence on Western investment forces Türkiye to be more cautious in strengthening investment ties with Russia. Several practical recommendations for strengthening bilateral Russian-Turkish investment cooperation are offered.
This article explores the shifts outlined in French defense policy. The uncertainty of D. Trump’s foreign policy has raised questions about the readiness of Europeans to independently ensure their own security and support Ukraine if US forces are diverted to countering China in the Indo-Pacific region. A series of belligerent statements by Emmanuel Macron and the top military officials were aimed at mobilizing public opinion in support of building up a “war economy”. Does this mean that France is preparing for war? The stated goal of this policy is not aggression, but containment. While Washington and its allies in NATO have previously opposed the French project of autonomous European defense, the new distribution of roles seems to be giving it a significant boost. Since strengthening of European capabilities implies an update of military cooperation with the UK, it is far from certain that the planned measures brings the EU closer to becoming an independent center of power. Rather, they are intended to strengthen the regional, European pillar of the US global strategy.
