This study presents a novel and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying paracetamol in pharmaceutical products. The method utilizes a custom-fabricated monolithic column composed of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-acrylic acid). The monolithic structure was synthesized in situ within a borosilicate glass capillary through ultraviolet (UV) polymerization at 365 nm. The resulting polymer matrix exhibited high porosity, which significantly enhanced surface area, permeability, and mass transfer efficiency-factors that contributed to improved chromatographic resolution and reduced analysis time. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, with detection performed at a wavelength of 296 nm. The developed method demonstrated excellent linearity over a concentration range of 3 to 100 & micro;g/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.9998. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.817 & micro;g/mL and 2.696 & micro;g/mL, respectively.
A novel series of Schiff bases, incorporating sulfonamide derivatives and 4-acyl-2-pyrazol-5-one, were synthesized using a simple condensation method. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized through various techniques, including H-1 NMR, FT-IR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The structural properties of the studied molecules were investigated theoretically by carrying out Density Functional Theory (DFT). These newly synthesized compounds were then subjected to evaluation for their antibacterial activity against both gram +ve and gram-ve bacterial strains, as well as antioxidant assay. Additionally, they were screened for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, with all results compared against a standard drug.
This study compared the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of Platycladus orientalis when individually combined in a 1:1 ratio with Phyllanthus urinaria, Strobilanthes crispus, and Folium mori. The types of antioxidant interactions (synergistic, additive or antagonistic) in the combined plant samples were evaluated using both experimental and theoretical antioxidant capacity models. P. urinaria exhibited the highest phenolic content, reducing power, and radical scavenging potential, whereas S. crispus showed the lowest levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in the single-plant analysis. Pairing P. orientalis with the three selected medicinal plants resulted in either antagonistic or additive antioxidant effects, depending on the plant species and the sample concentration used. S. crispus contributed to the highest percentage of combined samples exhibiting an additive effect on total phenolic content, tannin levels, and reducing activity. The reducing activities of the combined plant samples were positively correlated with phenolic (r = 0.981) and flavonoid (r = 0.906) content, with high statistical significance (p < 0.0001). Pairing P. orientalis with either S. crispus or P. urinaria resulted in a relatively strong additive effect on reducing activity. Among the 108 combined plant samples, the mixture of P. orientalis (6.4 mg/mL) and S. crispus (6.4 mg/mL) exhibited the highest antioxidant index (97%) and an additive effect on overall phenolic content.
The increased demand for natural products within the agri-food sector has focused much research on the antifungal and antioxidant potentials of essential oils from aromatic plants. And by disrupting the cell membrane and fungi growth inhibition, these compounds have shown a great degree of antifungal activity on a wide variety of fungi and also stimulate plant immune systems. These substances have been reported to demonstrate activity against different pathogenic fungi. Essential oils such as those of Origanum vulgare, Thymus algeriensis, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rosmarinus officinalis with their major active principles such as thymol, carvacrol, eucalyptol, and eugenol represent the cluster of promising compounds due to their particular chemical composition. Additionally, they are high in antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative stress and help preserve food. Their application as natural antifungal agents presents several advantages, such as a broad spectrum of action, biodegradability and low toxicity for humans and the environment, which makes them a good candidate as food additives, in post-harvest treatment or in natural pesticide formulations.
Betulin is a significant triterpenoid known for its diverse and valuable pharmacological properties, including antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. The incorporation of a sulfate group enhances both the solubility and bioavailability of betulin. This study introduces a novel method for betulin sulfation utilizing a combination of ammonium sulfamate and urea. The resulting betulin sulfates were thoroughly analyzed through various techniques, including elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and thermal analysis. The presence of the sulfate group was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, which revealed the emergence of specific absorption bands associated with sulfation. X-ray diffraction studies indicated a reduction in the crystallinity of the original betulin structure following sulfation. The findings from this research offer a fresh perspective on the sulfation process of betulin, suggesting its potential for enhanced application in pharmacology.
