This article seeks to discuss the process of the eclipsing of Vilma Chiara (1927-2020) in the history of Brazilian anthropology. It first proposes an overview of her singular trajectory and, immediately thereafter, an analysis of some of her own narratives recorded in unpublished interviews and the presentation of reflections with regard to the question of gender that pervades many aspects of her work. The article explores the complexities of her work in collaboration with her husband, the Brazilian photographer and ethnologist Harald Schultz (1909-1966). These complexities prompt us to think about the trajectory of Vilma Chiara through an ethnography of the particular, one that considers her partial connections with the category "woman anthropologist," while at the same time pointing to the differentiations in relation to other women, both foreign women anthropologists and Indigenous interlocutors. Finally, the article points to the richness of a trajectory and of an ethnographic production that still remain to be better investigated, above all with regard to Chiara's path after Schultz's death.
Indigenous archaeology, the Gordian knot offederal legislation in French Guiana. French Guiana is the last territory on the American continent to belong to a European country. As a result, despite a few specific features, French law applies to the region in the same way as it does everywhere else in France. However, there is a specific dimension to the region, with the age-old presence of indigenous peoples. They also have their own system of justice under their own norms. While the reality of the region is generally more or less accommodating to this duality, it is much more constrained in certain areas. Land law and archaeological legislation pose far more delicate problems. The creation of a regional archaeology service in French Guiana in 1992 has tightened control over heritage assets. The implementation of the law coincided with a rise in indigenous claims. Indeed, the 1984 gathering of some 1,500 natives in Awala-Yalimapo, together with representatives of the prefecture, led to the formation of the Association of French Guianas Indigenous People, whose vocation was to defend the essential rights of the natives. In spite of this, and where necessary or relevant, French legislation made relatively few changes to its compo-sition to adapt it to this new awareness, continuing to ignore indigenous claims. Today, the situation shows a profound mismatch between national jurisdiction and native claims, with a distinct lack of attention to the reflexive handling of this issue. The result is a growing dissonance over the years between republican legislation and indigenous law.
