The widespread consumption of wine in social life has affected many aspects of material and spiritual culture.The"pool","spring",and"river"of wine found in the Han Dynasty documents reflect the people's special love and passionate demand for wine,forming a long-lasting cultural memorial.Wine has become a symbol of richness,affluence,leisure and romance.The so-called"wine pool","wine spring",and"wine river"are literal representations of the consumption of wine in the social life history of the Han Dynasty,and also reflect the economic standards and folk customs of that time and of course,they can be seen as vivid signs of the memory of the history of wine.It is also a reflection of the economic standard and folk customs of the time and of course can also be regarded as a vivid indication of the memory of wine history.Those who are in-terested in the history and culture of the Han Dynasty should pay attention to the historical and literary ele-ments of the terms such as"wine pool","wine spring",and"wine river".
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the deepening of rural land system reform,granting farmers more full property rights and guaranteeing the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who settle in cities.The establishment of a scientific and reasonable voluntary paid withdrawal mechanism for rural homestead,the protection of farmers'usufruct of homestead,and the re-vitalization of idle rural homestead have important theoretical and practical significance for deepening the re-form of rural land system and promoting the implementation of the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress.This study takes pilot areas as the research object and conducts empirical research on the actual situation of homestead withdrawal of farmers who have settled in cities.The unclear definition of the subject of homestead withdrawal,insufficient motivation for homestead withdrawal,and unreasonable compensation standards for homestead withdrawal are the main obstacles that restrict the withdrawal of homestead for farmers who have set-tled in cities,The main way to grant farmers more full property rights and interests is to first clarify the owner-ship nature of the homestead subject,improve the disposal power of the homestead use right,improve the legal protection system for homestead withdrawal,and establish a relief mechanism for the homestead withdrawal subject in legislation.By leveraging the role of the market in resource allocation and constructing a top-level design for the confirmation system of homestead use rights,we aim to maximize the protection of farmers'le-gitimate rights and interests in the process of homestead withdrawal.
Interdisciplinary is an important lever in constructing the"double first-class".Faculty are the main body of interdisciplinary innovation.This research focuses on the influence mechanism of interdisciplinary re-search(IDR)behavior of faculty working in the"double first-class"universities,and constructs an analytical framework from three aspects:external environment,individual factors and interaction between the two.The results show that the micro mechanism of faculty's IDR behavior conforms to the"cognition-attitude-behavior"mediation model,and is mostly driven by internal satisfaction.On the environmental factors,both organiza-tional support and academic ecology have negative and positive moderating effect on the"cognition-behavior"and"attitude-behavior"pathways respectively,while journal ecology positively regulates the"cognition-atti-tude"pathway.The potential risk perception as an interactive factor has a positive regulation on the"cogni-tive-behavioral"pathway.Finally,incentive measures can be developed by starting from teachers,colleges,and disciplines.
The Qingguan System of the Tang Dynasty was a system that classified officials into the noble and the humble to signify their social status.In the official system of theTang Dynasty,there were not only divisions of civil officials and military officials but also different values that classified the noble from the humble.Civil and military officials,in essence,were only different in their duties and positions,and there should not be any difference in their rankings.However,due to the influence of the tendency of civil officials to be seen as nob-ler than military ones,officials'rankings and social status separated.From the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period of the Dunhuang documents,we can have a glimpse of the actual appear-ance of the Tang people's concept of civil officials and military officials,showing the political environment of the Tang Dynasty in which civil officials were much higher than military officials.In the Dunhuang documents,some Qingguang were not registered,as revealed in the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period.To be more precise,military officials were not marked or registered as Qingguan.Such a fact shows the concept of one being much nobler than the other,and the political status of military officials was denied.The Qingguan System was recorded in the Six Canons of the Tang Dynasty and the Old Book of Tang History.In contrast,the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period reveals the genuine political landscape.The Qingguan System inherits from the mindset of Northern Dynasties regime that different kinds of officials should be treated differently since the Wei and Jin Dynasty,embodying the feature of"not differentia-ting civil and military officials"in its system.The P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Pe-riod records that prestigious and promising civil officials,rather than military officials,were seen as Qingguan in their political system.Qingguan System was closely integrated with civil officials,showing that the framework of political status influenced by the tendency to favour civil officials was built and the trend of seeing civil offi-cials as much nobler than military ones.Due to the fact that Qingguan was both a luring political advantage and a potential condition to build a community with shared political interests,civil officials were doing their best to tie the concepts of Qingguan with civil officials and pinpoint the status of the civil officials in the politi-cal landscape.Imperial censors were closely connected with the Qingguan System,a typical example of that political system.Before the mid-Tang Dynasty,if the military officials got the title of imperial censors,it re-presented an unparalleled honour.The authority of imperial censors dropped significantly during the period when Li Linfu served as the Prime Minister.The An-Shi Rebellion(AD755-763)and warlordism in the mid-dle and late Tang Dynasty shook the system concerning civil officials.The combination of military officials and imperial censors indicates the chaotic relationship between civil and military officials during this period.Ac-cording to tomb records,the number of"military officials who also served as imperial censors"began to in-crease during the Zhenyuan period(AD785-805),which can be attributed to the outbreak of the An-Shi Re-bellion.At the beginning of the war,the Tang regime began to value its reliance on military officials.To boost morale,it had to provide a large amount of money to reward the military,which led to financial difficulties.At this time,the imperial censors,which were only effective in their titles and did not have any power in reality,naturally became an excellent choice for granting military officers to enhance their social prestige and political status.As the political status of the military officials rose,the number of military officers with the titles of im-perial censors began to increase by leaps and bounds.Such indiscriminate granting of"imperial censors"re-sulted in the official rank trend,so that"imperial censors"such as"imperial historian"wasdeprived of their rights and duties,turning them into merely figureheads.The notion of civil officials being noble and crucial gradually vanished since then.Since the mid-Tang Dynasty,the political and social status of military officials rose significantly under the impact of the An-Shi Rebellion and warlordism during this period.The official ranking system was also shaken,where the civil officials were noble,and the military was humble.Such a system,as recorded in the P.2054 Order of Officials Rankings During the Tianbao Period,was collapsed in the An-Shi Rebellion.Under the impact of the An-Shi Rebellion and warlordism during this period,the new-military officials were given positions as imperial censors because of their achievements in wars,resolving com-pletely the Qingguan System,which civil officials relied heavily on.The impact brought by military officials al-so dove away at the mindset of ranking officials based on their positions.It reshaped the relationship between the civil and military officials in the middle and late of the Tang Dynasty.The Dunhuang documents and Tang people's tomb records help us to break through the limitations of biographical documents and to show the Qingguan System of the Tang Dynasty and its evolution process more comprehensively and dynamically.Such evolution indicates not only the competition between civil and military officials but also the political framework where officials of different kinds played their parts in various political situations of the Tang Dynasty.
International students who actually live and study in China with their authentic experience and better understanding of Chinese culture can play an important role in sharing Chinese stories with those who are not familiar with China.From the perspective of international and area studies,an expanded model based on the theory of planned behavior was applied to examine international students'intention and relative affecting factors of Chinese stories sharing.A questionnaire survey was conducted and 616 responses underwent data analysis using hierarchical regression analysis.The results show international students'intention of sharing Chinese stories is reasonably high.Except for subjective norm,all the other variables of the theory of planned behavior model,namely instrumental attitude,perceived behavioral control,affective attitude and descriptive norm all have significant impact on international students'intention of sharing Chinese stories,and affective attitude was the strongest predictor.Meanwhile,PROCESS was used to examine the moderating effect of international students'false/fake information identification between instrumental attitude and sharing intention,as well as between affective attitude and sharing willingness.The results show false/fake information identification mod-erate the relationship of sharing intention with both instrumental attitude and affective attitude negatively.This study reveals that the trigger mechanism of international students'Chinese stories sharing behavior is a com-plex process affected by a variety of factors,which calls for ① an adoption of customized communication strat-egies according to international students'regional and national differences;② a better facilitation from Chinese teachers,as they can convey and share Chinese stories with international students directly,and more impor-tantly,their noble conduct with Chinese characteristics is part of Chinese stories themselves;③ ways to help international students realize their identity as"an international student in China",strengthen the bonds be-tween international students and China;④ a friendly environment on international public opinion,the effect of spiral of silence still exist among generation Z,the youngest,even though they can identify fake/false informa-tion about China,they can still be mute when the opinion environment is to be inundated with negative and stereotyped opinions towards their studying destination. Encouraging international students to share Chinese stories is not only a matter of language,culture and education,but also a matter of mutual understanding between the Chinese people and the world.In recent years,China has been advocating the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind in response to the world's undergoing drastic changes.This requires the formation of mutual rational and objective under-standing between China and other countries in the world.International students from different countries and re-gions with their unique perspectives of the others can provide multiple valid communication channels to help the world to understand the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,and their importance must be acknowledged.
