2022 年 7 月 18 日,党中央在向"全球重要农业文化遗产大会"所致贺信中强调,加强农业文化遗产保护,进一步挖掘其经济、社会、文化、生态、科技等方面价值,推动构建人类命运共同体.为促进我国农业文化遗产保护理论研究与实践经验分享,研讨农业文化遗产保护工作未来的首要重点与切实途径,促进农业文化遗产保护事业健康发展.
This study aimed to understand the variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)pools,soil temperature and water content and their relationships to mitigate climate change.Therefore,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the seasonal dynamics of SOC,permanganate oxidizable organic carbon(POxC)concentrations,as well as their relationships with soil temperature and water content under different tillage practices during the summer fallow in the drylands of the Loess Plateau in China.The experiment included three tillage practices,i.e.,no tillage,plough tillage and subsoiling tillage during the summer fallow.Results showed that the seasonal changes in the SOC concentrations increased and then decreased at both 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths under plough tillage and subsoiling tillage treatments during the growth period of winter wheat.While the seasonal changes in POxC concentration,soil water content and soil temperature fluctuated.Regression analysis revealed that the soil water content at the 5-10 cm depth had a linear relationship with the SOC concentrations and a quadratic polynomial relationship with the POxC concentrations(P＜0.05),with a better fit under the plough tillage treatment compared to the no tillage and subsoiling tillage treatments.The SOC concentrations showed no significant response to variations in soil temperature at both the 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths.In contrast,the POxC concentrations demonstrated a negative correlation with daily maximum temperature,daily mean temperature and daily minimum temperature.In summary,the findings of our study demonstrated that the seasonal changes in the POxC concentration at 0-10 cm depth were closely related to variations in soil temperature and water content,while seasonal changes in the SOC concentrations were less sensitive to soil temperature under summer fallow tillage treatments in the drylands.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific management of SOC pools in dryland wheat fields.
Over past two decades,the application of nuclear techniques has been integrated into many aspects of scientific research and production practice in food and agriculture,and nuclear techniques are unique and irreplaceable in some areas.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and major achievements from the nuclear application in major fields of food and agriculture around the world.The application status and innovative development of nuclear techniques in the fields of animal production and health,food safety and control,plant mutation breeding and genetics,water and soil management and agricultural environment,and insect pest control were reviewed emphatically.Considering many severe global challenges faced by the food and agriculture around the world,the authors discussed and showed the prospects and strategic priorities of nuclear application in food and agriculture.
Ubiquitin-specific proteases are a highly conserved gene family that is widely present in eukaryotes and regulate various physiological activities of cellular proteins through deubiquitination.In order to systematically explore the function of the UBP gene family in grape,this study used bioinformatics to identify and analyze the members of the UBP gene family in grape,and further assayed the expression patterns of VvUBP genes by quantitative real-time PCR under different abiotic stresses.The results showed that the VvUBP gene family included 27 members,with coding sequence(CDS)length between 594-4 812 bp and coding amino acid sequence length of 197-1 603 aa.The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the UBP gene family could be divided into 8 subgroups(GⅠ-GⅧ).The expression levels of VvUBPs in stems were relatively low,and VvUBP27,VvUBP10 and VvUBP23 were expressed at higher levels in tendrils,flowers and leaves,respectively.Gene expression analysis showed that treatments with exogenous methyl jasmonate(MeJA)significantly induced high expression of four genes,including VvUBP5,VvUBP12,VvUBP18 and VvUBP27,and exogenous salicylic acid(SA)treatment significantly induced high expression of VvUBP5 and VvUBP19.The expression of VvUBP15 increased most significantly under 0.6%salt stress,the expression of VvUBP6 decreased significantly under low light stress and VvUBP25 increased the most at high temperature stress for 6 h.In summary,VvUBP gene family members were able to respond to different abiotic stresses,thereby improve the stress tolerance of grapes.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of UBP regulating grape growth,development and stress resistance.
In order to clarify the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment,the extraction processes of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment using response surface design were optimized,and the stability and antioxidant activity of the pigment were investigated.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment were:Deionized water as extraction agent,extraction temperature 51℃,extraction time 61 min,the ratio of material to liquid 1:113 g·mL-1,in which the extraction rate was 90.93％.The crude extract of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment was sensitive to light,more stable under dark conditions,and had poor resistance to high temperature and reduction.However,it had a certain degree of acid,alkali,and oxidation resistance.The addition of Zn2+ increased the absorbance of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment,and when the concentration of Al3+ exceeded 0.25％,the absorbance of the pigment decreased.Glucose had little effect on the stability of pigment.When the concentration of sodium benzoate and sucrose exceeded 1％,the absorbance of the pigment increased,which had a significant impact on its stability.The crude extract of pigment had a certain scavenging ability on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),hydroxyl,and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radicals,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 2.30,0.01,and 1.00 mg·mL-1,respectively.It had a certain reduction ability on Fe3+.The DPPH IC50 value and ABTS IC50 value were positively correlated with the content of crude polysaccharides and nitrogen,while the hydroxyl radical IC50 value was negatively correlated with the content of crude polysaccharides and nitrogen.This study provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Armillaria luteo-virens pigment.
