Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an important marker for determining renal function in both humans and animal models. It has been shown that cardiovascular risk factors additional to renal dysfunction may affect SDMA plasma levels. Hair goats are the most bred breed in goat breeding in Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the age-related changes in blood serum SDMA, Urea and Creatinine levels in Hair goats. 40 female Hair goats, housed under the same care and feeding conditions, were used in the study. The study groups were grouped as 0-12 months (Group 1), 1-2 years (Group 2), 2-3 years (Group 3), and 3-4 years (Group 4), with 10 goats in each group. Symmetric Dimethyl Arginine levels in blood serum samples was measured with the commercial ELISA Kit. Serum urea and creatinine levels were measured with an autoanalyzer. SDMA levels in the blood serum of female goats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2,43±0,24, 3.21±0.44, 3.74±0.32 and 4.46±0.59 (p =0.013); Urea levels (mg/dL) were 20±1.87, 24.5±1.43, 24.4±1.82 and 19.1±1.75 (p=0.058); Creatinine levels (mg/dL) were 0.35±0.027, 0.32±0.020, 0.34±0.022, 0.36±0.022 (p=0.648) respectively. While the SDMA levels (ng/mL) obtained in groups 3 and 4 were found to be statistically significantly higher than the values obtained in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05), no significant difference was found between urea and creatinine values. The findings contribute to the literature knowledge on both the evaluation of SDMA levels and its comparation together with urea and creatinine levels in female goats of different ages.
This research was planned to determine the silage making ability and to investigate the effect of adding Corn Silage (CS) and Fresh Sugar Beet Pulp (FSBP) to rice straw on digestibility. Six main groups were created within the scope of this research. CS was used in 3 groups and FSBP was used in 3 groups. No additives were added to the control group. NaOH was added to a group containing CS and FSBP, and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) was added to a group. The samples were left to ferment for 60 days. After fermentation, the groups were analyzed. The samples were then incubated in the Daisyıı incubator for 72 hours. After in vitro digestion, the same analyses were repeated on the samples to determine the in vitro digestion levels. It was observed that the addition of NaOH to the silage samples increased the Dry Matter (DM) digestibility. Crude protein (CP) digestibility was found to be higher in the groups containing FSBP, than in the groups containing CS. In vitro digestion experiments showed decreases in Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) levels. It was observed that the highest NDF digestion occurred in the groups containing NaOH. In the study, it was observed that NDF and ADF digestion was higher in the FSBP groups. It was observed that rice straw had higher digestibility in the FSBP groups.
Traumatic pericarditis most commonly develops during the course of traumatic reticuloperitonitis and is associated with an increased oxidative burden; however, the diagnostic contribution of oxidative biomarkers remains unclear. In this study, the oxidative stress profile and dynamic thiol–disulfide homeostasis were evaluated in cattle with traumatic pericarditis. Comparisons between the pericarditis and control groups were performed within the same sex, and sex-related differences were additionally investigated within the pericarditis subgroup. A total of 100 cattle were included in the pericarditis and control group comparisons. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total and native thiol (TT, NT), and disulfide (Ds) levels were measured spectrophotometrically, and Ds/TT, Ds/NT, and NT/TT ratios were calculated. Within the same sex, MDA levels were higher in the pericarditis group than in controls in both females (P<0.01) and males (P<0.05). GSH levels were lower in males with pericarditis (P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was detected in females (P>0.05). TT and NT decreased in the pericarditis group in both sexes (females: TT P<0.01, NT P<0.05; males: both P<0.0001). No significant change in Ds was observed in within-sex comparisons between pericarditis and control groups; however, in the sex comparison within the pericarditis subgroup, Ds levels were higher in females (P<0.01). In the traumatic pericarditis group, ratio biomarkers differed significantly between sexes: Ds/TT and Ds/NT were higher in females than in males, whereas the NT/TT ratio was higher in males (P<0.01). These findings suggest that pericarditis is accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the antioxidant/thiol pool, and that impairment in thiol–disulfide balance exhibits a sex-specific pattern. The evaluated panels may provide complementary value to clinical assessment; however, prospective, multicenter validation and determination of threshold values are required for clinical implementation.
This research was conducted to determine the fertility characteristics of Saanen goats raised in Bursa Province, Turkey, and their relationships with environmental factors. Insemination, pregnancy, and birth data of goats were recorded for a five-year period (2018-2022). Breeding records included the mating date and identification number of each mated goat. During the study period, pregnancies were monitored by ultrasonography. Birth weight was 3259.34±64.53 g in single-born kids and 3011.97±25.75 g in multiple-born kids. In addition, the birth weights recorded across the study years were 3176.17±60.04 g in Year I, 2813.85±44.39 g in Year II, and 3353.40±50.02 g in Year III. In Years IV and V, the values were 3050.00±53.98 g and 2971.34±51.52 g, respectively. The mean birth weight was 3130.12±36.18 g for male kids, 2988.51±32.95 g for female kids, and 3063.01±24.82 g for Saanen kids overall. The single birth rate, multiple birth rate, survival rate, mortality rate, and litter size were 39%, 61%, 72%, 28%, and 1.7, respectively. In terms of fertility and birth weight characteristics of Saanen goats, compared with the breed's fertility characteristics in breeding regions and other countries, it can be stated that the breed shows similar performance in Bursa province.
Glucocorticoids, frequently preferred for treatment due to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, are known to have significant side effects on many systems, such as the musculoskeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system, depending on their use. This study investigated the effects of dexamethasone administration in rats and the effects of alendronate and vitamin D, administered alone or in combination to reduce its potential effects, on various biochemical parameters. A total of 40 rats were divided into 5 groups and administered 7.5 mg/kg dexamethasone subcutaneously once a week for 6 weeks, in all groups except for the control group. No treatment was administered to the control group, and no treatment was administered to the group receiving dexamethasone. The remaining three groups received treatment with alendronate (0.9 mg/kg 5 days per week), vitamin D (10.000 IU/500 µL), and alendronate/vitamin D combination administered at the same doses via gavage, respectively. With dexamethasone administration, serum LDH activity, triglyceride, magnesium, and iron levels significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the control group, while chloride levels lowered (p<0.05). The increase in LDH activity and iron levels (p<0.05) also continued with alendronate administration. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treatment groups. The decrease in albumin levels observed in all groups compared to the control group was significant with alendronate and combined use, while the increase in urea levels was significant only in the vitamin D group. The significant decrease in chloride levels observed in the dexamethasone group was observed to continue in the alendronate group, while the high magnesium levels continued in the alendronate and vitamin D groups. In conclusion, it is thought that further studies are needed in which alendronate and vitamin D are administered at different doses and durations to eliminate the effects of dexamethasone on various biochemical parameters.
