Less common proofs of God’s existence include moral proofs of God’s existence. They are based on a certain experience of moral order or conscience and the need to justify its binding nature. Some authors follow Thomas Aquinas, especially his fourth way to God from the Summa Theologica. In this article, I will present an analysis of moral proofs of God’s existence from the selected authors from the period of second scholasticism (Melchior Cano OP, Domingo Bánez OP, Gabriel Vázquez SJ, Jacob Casimir Guerinois OP, Matthias Baričič SchP). The aim of the article is to examine their assumptions, contributions, and arguments through analysis and formalisation. Finally, these moral proofs of God's existence will also be compared with each other. The contribution of this article lies in formalizing these arguments and revealing their assumptions.
The aim of this study is to present the basic context of the Church in Germany, which has launched a synodal process in order to address the pressing issues of our time with a full sense of responsibility. Of the four fundamental themes, the authors have chosen the theme of priestly existence. They focus primarily on priestly identity and the concept of the universal and ministerial priesthood, because in today’s complex times, new forms of priestly ministry must be sought so that the Church always centers on the human person and his or her salvation.
This study analyses the reception of conciliar and post-conciliar impulses in school religious education in Slovakia from the perspective of systematic theology. It argues that the implementation of the documents of the Second Vatican Council in religious education is not merely a pedagogical or institutional issue, but primarily a hermeneutical task of the Church. The analysis focuses on three criteria: the unity of Scripture and Tradition as sources of faith, the ecclesial framework of interpreting revelation, and the aim of transmitting faith as the development of intellectus fidei. Drawing on conciliar and post-conciliar magisterial texts and selected Slovak curricular documents, the study shows that the reception of conciliar renewal has moved from a predominantly transmissive model toward a more competence-based and hermeneutically oriented understanding of religious education. At the same time, it identifies a continuing tension between the declared theological vision and its methodological implementation in the school environment. The conclusion stresses the need for a clearer distinction between catechesis and school religious education, systematic work with the sources of faith, and the theological and didactic formation of religious education teachers.
Second Vatican Council was a tremendous event in the modern life of the Catholic Church. It brought new impulses for many areas, one of them was the liturgy. A changed view of the church as a space where the believers around the Lord´s table celebrate Eucharisty, brought necessity of adjustmentents in the interiors of churches in order to enable new liturgy. The adjustments were realized in all churches – historical and recently buil as well. These changes were done in the 60ies – 70ies years of the 20th century. Mainly in our conditions they have provisional character, or a works of craft built in a harry. They have often historicizing shape and decoration. In the western countries we can observe greater emphasis according to the artistical niveau. This situation, realized in whole the Church, is not final. From the beginning of the 21st century till today these older elements and modifications are being replaced by more artistically demanding ones. They mostly reflecting current artistic tendencies. This article deals with this theme in generel, then it illustrated this new changes by giving examples from home and abroad.
This study presents a hermeneutically oriented analysis of Pope Francis's conceptualisation of critical thinking, both in terms of his own theological material, as gradually captured in selected documents, and of his theological approach. Through the analysis of documents, it reveals aspects of critical thinking that are not commonly associated with this skill and which can be perceived as highly innovative – above all, an emphasis on the whole, the goal of cognition, ethics, and the complexity of thought and knowledge, which should pursue the good and understanding among people, not through iron logic, but through experience.
