The author outlines trends in Yugoslav migration in the twentieth century. Both internal and international flows are examined, with a focus on political events and labor migrations.
"This information presents initial assumptions and analyzes basic results of the latest population projections for Yugoslavia, and its constituent republics and provinces, by age and sex, for the period 1991-2021, which were prepared during 1995 through co-operation of the Federal Statistical Office and the Demographic Research Centre of the Institute of Social Sciences, and were published in 1996." The projections concern only the two republics that make up present-day Yugoslavia, that is Montenegro and Serbia (with its two regions of Vojvodina, and Kosovo and Metohija).
"It has been estimated that more than 70 million people, from developing countries mostly, are employed outside their native countries, legally or illegally, that more than a million people emigrate on a permanent basis to other countries every year, that as many seek asylum and that more than 12 million refugees live outside their native countries. These estimates point at external migrations as a widely spread and growing phenomenon, with various important developmental, economic, political and humanitarian facets. Like almost all other countries, Yugoslavia too is affected by this global phenomenon and it has been in the world migratory trends for a long time now. Its entire territory was characterized by external migrations and some of its regions particularly by migration for economic reasons."
This article examines the trends in fertility in Serbia and Montenegro in Yugoslavia in decades between 1948 and 1981 by age, marital status, educational attainment, ethnic affiliation, and economic status. People born at the turn of the century, who reported data in 1981, gave birth to an average of 3.6 children. People born 25-30 years later had an average of 2.45 children. In Kosovo and Metohja provinces, fertility of older women was lower than younger women. 1991 Census data is incomplete, but tentative findings indicate that low natality regions continued to show fertility decline. The average number of live born children (LBC) among women older than 50 was smaller in 1991 compared to 1981. Montenegro cumulative fertility (CF) did not decline as fast as in low natality regions of Serbia and was higher than in Serbia and Vojvodina. CF was lowest among unmarried women in Montenegro compared to low natality regions of Serbia, and Kosovo and Metohja. Most women stopped bearing children by the age of 29 in Serbia and Vojvodina and by age 39 in Montenegro. The average number of LBC per women of reproductive age was about 2.3 live births per woman 35-49 years old in 1981, which was smaller than in earlier censuses. In Kosovo and Metohija, the LBC per woman 35-39 years old was 5.11 in 1981, which was larger than in earlier censuses. In 1991, evidence suggests that fertility decline slowed considerably in Serbia proper and Vojvodina at below 2.0. Childlessness and CF among women older than 50 varied by region. Less developed regions and Albanian, Muslim, and gypsy women had the highest fertility. The highest decrease in fertility was among women without any education. The negative relationship between fertility and education was weaker in low fertility regions and stronger in high fertility ones. The highest CF was among agricultural households.
Population trends in Yugoslavia, consisting of the republics of Serbia and Macedonia, are analyzed over the period 1948-1991. The focus is on changes in spatial distribution, density, and concentration. The author notes a trend toward the concentration of population in urban areas and the increasing depopulation of the more remote rural areas.
