The Center for Collective Use “Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation” provides users from various organizations with the opportunity to use modern analytical techniques using synchrotron radiation beams for a wide range of research work. At present, the general direction of the development of new techniques is focused on the development of new original approaches to the use of synchrotron radiation.

The optical scheme of a synchrotron beamline for measuring small-angle X-ray scattering curves with high temporal resolution is developed as a part of constructing the 1–3 Fast Processes beamline of the SKIF 4+ generation synchrotron radiation facility. Such measurements are badly needed nowadays to study the dynamic processes that occur with carbon particles when high-energy materials explode and other technological problems.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3103/S106287382301001X

As part of development of the experimental beamline 1-3 “Fast Processes” of the 4+ generation synchrotron radiation source, a scheme for measuring time resolved small-angle X-ray scattering was worked out. Measuring time resolved small-angle X-ray scattering is extremely relevant today for studying the evolution of carbon particles during the detonation of energy materials, as well as for a number of other tasks.

Конденсация углерода при детонации энергетических материалов (ЭМ) с отрицательным кислородным балансом является одним из важных процессов, протекающих в зоне химической реакции и волне Тейлора. Детальное изучение этого процесса необходимо для уточнения уравнений состояния и оптимизации детонационных и метательных свойств ЭМ. В работе представлены параметры кинетики конденсации углерода за зоной химической реакции при детонации ЭМ с отрицательным кислородным балансом. Carbon condensation during the detonation of high energy materials (EM) with a negative oxygen balance is one of the important processes occurring in the chemical reaction zone and the Taylor wave. A detailed study of this process is necessary to clarify the equations of state and optimize the detonation and propellant properties of EM. The paper presents the parameters of the kinetics of carbon condensation behind the chemical reaction zone during the detonation of EM with a negative oxygen balance.

Conducts of high-speed x-ray experiments on recording the interaction of shock waves in structural materials with synchrotron radiation are discussed using polycarbonate and magnesium as an example. The regimes of reflection of a shock wave from an obstacle, of collision of counter-propagating shock waves in a cylinder, and of descent of a shock wave from the lateral surface of the cylinder toward its center have been implemented. Differences in the mechanics of mass fluxes arising in polycarbonate and magnesium on exposure to shock waves have been shown.

Over the past two decades, LIH SB RAS and BINP SB RAS have jointly conducted experiments on time-resolved (TR) small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) with detonating high explosives. The purpose of these experiments is to restore the dynamics of carbon species condensation to diamond nanoparticles by analyzing series of SAXS patterns behind the detonation front measured in real time with fast detectors. This knowledge is crucial for the development of reliable detonation models. In this paper, we compare SAXS patterns of identical nanodiamond samples measured at the TR-SAXS extreme state of matter end-station (BINP SB RAS) in the static mode under realistic conditions simulating fast real-time measurements with polychromatic SR beam and traditional SAXS BioMUR beamline at the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) beam. These experiments confirm that the size of scattering inhomogeneities determined in dynamic experiments with single bunch exposure with polychromatic SR beam is correct.

A method of imaging of ultra-fast processes, like explosion or fast combustion, at a synchrotron radiation beam is being developed at the Siberian Synchrotron and Teraherz Radiation Center (SSTRC). Two stations are operating at beam line 0 at the VEPP-3 storage ring and at beam line 8 at the VEPP-4M storage ring. Both stations are equipped with the detector for imaging of explosions DIMEX, based on high pressure ionization chamber, and allowing to record up to 100 one dimensional images with the frame rate of 8 MHz. However the maximum flux that DIMEX can detect is limited as well as spatial resolution and frame rate because of gas technology used. In view of significant increase of SR flux at the VEPP-4M beam line due to the new 9-pole 2 T wiggler, a new detector is being developed for this beam line, based on Si microstrip sensor. The first Si microstrip detector prototype has been mounted with new specially developed front-end ASIC that allows to record data with the rate of 50 MFrames/s. The first measurements with this prototype demonstrated significant improvement of all critical parameters of the detector compared to the gaseous version.

This paper describes measurements of mass distribution along a microparticle jet with the use of synchrotron radiation (SR) from the VEPP-3 collider. The SR "soft" spectrum made it possible to measure microparticle jets of a record (minimum) density of about 1 mg/cm(3). Simultaneous recording of microparticle jets using piezoelectric sensors made it possible to compare and mutually complement their readings.

Synthesis of nanoparticles has been realized by thermal decomposition of complex organometallic compounds in the detonation front of explosives, where the temperature reaches several thousand degrees. The low concentration of metals in the total mass of the charge leads to the formation of single non-agglomerated nanoparticles deposited on detonation carbon. Depending on the conditions, the rounded nanosized particles of Ni, Ag, Au and Pd are formed according to the data of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.