В работе экспериментально показана возможность использования бытового смартфона со встроенной КМОП-матричной видеокамерой в качестве детектора и спектрометра ионизирующего поля на самолетах гражданской и военной авиации. Предложен обобщенный алгоритм и описана методика построения спектров удельной энергии ионизирующих частиц, зарегистрированных в процессе полетного эксперимента. Разработан макрос, позволяющий определить факт наличия событий (следов частиц, треков или засветок) в стеке кадров, который в значительной степени сокращает общее время набора статистических данных для построения итогового спектра. In this work has experimentally shown the possibility of using a household smartphone with an integrated CMOS video camera as a detector and spectrometer for ionizing field on aircrafts. A generalized algorithm and methodology for constructing the spectrum of specific energy ionizing particles recorded during a flight experiment is proposed. A special macro has been developed that allows one to determine the fact of the presence of events (particle traces, tracks, or highlights) in the frame stack, which significantly reduces the total time of collecting statistical data for constructing the final spectrum.

It has been shown experimentally that, in a complex field of ionizing particles generated by cosmic rays, the highest values of the specific absorbed energy and, therefore, the density of charge formed during the ionization correspond to the locations of ion stopping. The modeling shows that, in the same locations, the ratio of the energy absorption by the nuclear continuum to the ionizing particle energy absorption by the electronic continuum of the medium linearly depends on the mass of the projectile.

The complex of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate with chiral isopropyl bis(oxazoline) ligand (i-Pr-Box) was immobilized on accessible and inexpensive Merrifield resin according to a “click” procedure. The resulting catalyst showed high efficiency and recyclability in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole and its derivatives. The catalyst can be recycled five times without appreciable loss in activity and enantioselectivity.

A peculiar radiation arising as a result of radiation interference of nonlinear oscillators excited by a monochromatic plane wave field of the incident particle is described. The radiation properties are determined by the fact that a phase of each oscillator radiation fields is synchronized by a wave field, while the radiation itself occurs due to the particle field influence on the oscillators. The consideration is performed for a thin film with negligible density effect. It is supposed that the contribution is given only by a long-wave part of the Weizsacker spectrum for which nonlinear polarization coefficients of medium are large.

Copper(I)-catalyzed N-heteroarylation of a wide series of adamantane-containing amines with 2-bromo- and 2- and 3-iodopyridines was studied. The corresponding N -pyridyl derivatives were formed in all cases, but iodopyridines were considerably more reactive. The best results were obtained with the catalytic system CuI-2-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanone-DMF which ensured up to 90% yield of the target products. The yield of N -pyridyl derivatives also depended on the steric environment of the amino group in the initial adamantane-containing amine. The yield of the heteroarylation products can be considerably increased using excess iodopyridine. The reaction of 2-(adamantan-1-yl)ethanamine with 2,6-dibromopyridine successfully afforded the corresponding diamine, and N,N ′-dipyridyl derivatives were obtained in high yields from 2,2′-(adamantane-1,3-diyl)diethanamine.

A new effective recycled catalyst CuSO 4 /Al 2 O 3 , which performs the phosphorylation of aryl halides and bromostyrene, was proposed.

Copper(I)-catalyzed hetarylation of a series of polyamines and of 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1,13-diamine with halothiophenes has been studied with a view to obtaining the corresponding N,N ′-dihetaryl derivatives. The target products can be obtained using both 3-iodothiophene in the presence of CuI/L-proline/EtCN or CuI/ N,N -dimethylglycine/EtCN as catalytic system and 3-bromothiophene in the system CuI/2-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanone/DMF. The latter system is also suitable for the hetarylation of 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1,13-diamine with 3-iodothiophene. In some cases, N -(thiophen-3-yl) derivatives have also been isolated.

Cu(I)-Catalyzed amination of N-(iodobenzyl) substituted azacrown ethers with propane-1,3-diamine and several polyoxadiamines was investigated.In the case of diamine excess and the use of CuI/l-proline catalytic system in EtCN the formation of the compounds with one azacrown and one diamine moieties was observed.When taking the excess of N-(iodobenzyl) derivative of azacrown ether and CuI/2-(isobutyryl)cyclohexanone catalytic system in DMF, bis(azacrown) substituted oxadiamine could be obtained.Amination of N,N'-di(iodobenzyl) substituted diazacrown ether was studied under the same conditions.The comparison of Pd(0)-with Cu(I)-mediated amination reactions was done using N-(bromobenzyl) substituted azacrown ethers.

Palladium-catalyzed C-N-cross-coupling of N,N ′-bis(bromobenzyl) diazacrown compounds with two equivalents of 1-aza-15-crown-5 and 1-aza-18-crown-6 ethers furnished trismacrocyclic compounds with isolated macrocycles. Macrotricyclic cryptands were obtained when diazacrown ethers were used as N-components.

N-(3,5-Dibromobenzyl) derivatives of 1-aza-15-crown-5 and 1-aza-18-crown-6 were synthesized in high yields and their palladium-catalyzed amination reactions with various linear polyamines were studied. As a result, macrobicyclic compounds were obtained in yields up to 56%. The complexation of some macrocycles with zinc and cadmium nitrates was studied by NMR titration.

Although many efforts have been made to ensure the radiation resistance of spacecraft equipment, the active life of space instruments and onboard astrophysical equipment is limited to a large extent by the action of ionizing cosmic rays. Hence, it is necessary to refine the techniques used to predict the radiation resistance, improve the methods for monitoring radiation fields aboard spacecrafts, and find more effective ways to provide radiation protection of the electronic components.