Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) may be the primary cause of low back pain. Potential therapeutics for IDD must be validated in animal models, and their effectiveness quantified using functional metrics. Needle puncture of intervertebral discs (IVDs) has been used to induce IDD in mice and rats. Due to operational challenges, most animal IDD models are constructed using needle puncture of the caudal IVDs in mice, or by using larger animals, such as rats and rabbits. However, mouse IDD models involving lumbar IVD puncture are preferable because mice are genetically similar to humans and are the most commonly used transgenic animals, and because human IDD commonly affects the lumbar spine. We constructed a needle puncture-based mouse IDD model that relies on vascular anatomy to pinpoint lumbar IVDs. We evaluated the morphological and molecular changes in this model by using radiological, pathological, and immunostaining examinations. In our mechanical injury-induced IDD model, lumbar IVDs were accurately localized by injecting colored perfusates into the common iliac artery and vein, and right iliolumbar vein, which helped to visualize puncture positions, avoid neuromuscular injury, shorten the operation time, and decrease bleeding. Nucleus pulposus cells, defined by Krt19, and the disc height index gradually decreased after the surgery, and the degenerative effects peaked at 1 week. In conclusion, we established a mouse IDD model by performing precise puncture of lumbar IVDs via the ventral anterior approach assisted by vessel position. Our model effectively simulated the effects of IDD, and may serve as an efficient research tool.

疫苗和诊断制品是实现疾病防控重心前移的关键.加强疫苗和诊断领域的基础和应用基础研究既是我国重大民生需求,也是发展我国战略性新兴产业的重大需求.福建省和厦门市均将疫苗和诊断产业的发展作为区域经济发展战略中的向导发展产业予以高度重视和大力支持,在相关方向上布局建设了一批重大公共技术服务平台和工程技术研究中心,凝聚了一批高层次创业人才,但在打造高层次原始创新人才团队、形成稳定的自主创新源头方面还缺乏有力的平台支撑.

BackgroundThis study examined the expression of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1), PDE4, and PKC in esophageal cancer tissues, and analyzed the association of each protein with the pathological parameters of the samples. MethodsEpac1, PDE4, and PKC protein expression was evaluated by PV-9000 two-step immunohistochemical techniques in 51 esophageal cancer specimens and 10 para-carcinoma tissues. ResultsThe positive expression rates of Epac1 and PKC in esophageal cancer tissues (62.7% and 68.6%, respectively) were higher compared to those in para-carcinoma tissues (20% and 20%, respectively) (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of PDE4 in esophageal cancer tissues (54.1%) was higher than in para-carcinoma tissues (30%), (P>0.05). Epac1, PDE4, and PKC protein expression levels were not associated with the extent of tumor differentiation and/or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Epac1 protein expression levels correlated with PDE4, PKC, and AKAP95 protein expression levels. In addition, there was a correlation between PKC and Cx43 protein levels (P<0.05). ConclusionThe expression rates of Epac1, PDE4, and PKC protein in esophageal cancer tissues were significantly higher compared to the rates in para-carcinoma tissues, suggesting an association between these proteins and the development and progression of esophageal cancer. The correlations between these proteins also revealed that they may exert a synergistic effect during the development of esophageal cancer.

Objective To study the influential factors about the preference for old-age support among the urban and ru-ral elder people,and provide theoretical basis for optimum allocation of supporting resources along with greater improvement of life quality for the aged. Methods Based on the multi-stage sampling method,a survey was conducted among senior residents older than 60 years old in Xiamen by means of questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of basic infor-mation between the elderly who lived in the urban and rural areas while multinomial logistic regression played a role in analyzing the factors which influenced the old people' s preference for old-age support. Results 1274 valid questionnaires were obtained, including 652 from urban and 622 from rural areas. The percentage of elderly people who would like to live with family support, community-based support at home,organization support or choice not-considered were 67. 5%,18. 6%,12. 7% and 1. 2% in ur-ban areas,and as for the countryside those were 71. 1%,23. 1%,4. 7% and 1. 1%,which were statistically significant ( P <0. 05). The differences between urban and rural old people were also statistically significant on the aspects of their education lev-els,condition of chronic diseases,pension costs from children,retirement pension,distance from the nearest medical unit ( P<0. 05 ) . To take family support as reference,no matter in urban and rural areas,the elderly older than 80 years old were more like-ly to choose organization support;and people who lived far away from the nearest medical unit would prefer community-based support at home. However,the urban old-aged with higher education levels,more retirement pension and who got pension from children were more likely to live without family support,while rural old people who got married preferred organization support. Conclusion Family support was the main choice for the elderly from both urban and rural areas. However,the aging in country-side preferred community-based support at home and urban old people tended to choose organization support. The difference of local economy and culture between urban and rural areas was the key reason. Therefore,apart from strengthening the function of family support,pension resources should be appropriately allocated aimed at those differences between urban and rural areas.

BackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac1), PDE4, and PKC expression in breast cancer tissues, and the correlation between these proteins and AKAP95, Cx43, cyclin D2, and cyclin E1.MethodsPV-9000 two-step immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression.ResultsThe positive rate of Epac1 protein expression in breast cancer tissues (58%) was higher than in para-carcinoma tissues (10%) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of PDE4 and PKC expression between breast cancer and para-carcinoma tissues (P>0.05). The positive expression rate of PDE4 was higher in the P53 protein positive group compared to the P53 negative group (P<0.05). Correlations between Epac1 and cyclin D2, PDE4 and cyclin D2, AKAP95 and PKC, Cx43 and PKC, and cyclin D2 and PKC proteins were observed (P<0.05).ConclusionEpac1 expression in breast cancer tissues was increased, suggesting that the protein may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Correlations between Epac1 and cyclin D2, PDE4 and cyclin D2, AKAP95 and PKC, Cx43 and PKC, and cyclin D2 and PKC proteins suggested synergistic effects among these proteins in the development of breast cancer.

Objective This study was aimed to analyze influencing factors on elder’s preference for supporting in case to provide evidence for diversified elderly supporting.Methods This article applied an adaptive LASSO logistic model to the multi-stage cluster sampling data of the population aged 60 or older in Xiamen to analyze influencing factors on elder’s prefer-ence for supporting.Cross validation method was used to chooseλfor adaptive LASSO logistic model.In addition,we evaluated the model fitting of adaptive LASSO logistic model by comparing the BIC and AIC with full logistic model and stepwise logistic model.Results The cross validation method resulted in λ=0.018 for adaptive LASSO logistic model,in which variables re-tained were residence,age,marital status,education level,number of children,the monthly pension income,medical insurance and hospitalization.BIC of adaptive LASSO logistic model,full logistic model and stepwise logistic model were 1931,2077and 2025 respectively.And AIC of the three models were 1888,1923 and 1912 respectively.Conclusion Compared to full logistic model and stepwise logistic model,adaptive LASSO logistic model was the best fitting model for influencing factors on elder’s prefer-ence for supporting.Adaptive LASSO logistic model could be used to analyze influencing factors on elder’s preference for sup-porting.There were multiple factors which influenced elder’s preference for supporting.

Background: Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (HMTC) is thought to be associated with germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. Methods: We detected RET proto-oncogene germline mutations from a pedigree with HMTC in the east of China and investigated the characteristics of these mutations in this pedigree and their correlation with HMTC by direct sequencing of all 21 exons in the RET gene of all 46 subjects. Results and Conclusion: (1) Thirteen types of RET gene variants were detected in this pedigree. Of these, p.F285S in exon 4, c.854_855CA in exon 4, and p.D707E in exon 11 are reported for the first time in our study. (2) Both linkage disequilibrium analysis and logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the p.D707E variant and HMTC (LOD = 3.69, OR = 4.413, p = 0.000167), indicating that this variant is a risk factor for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). (3) The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) G691S in exon 11 (rs1799939), S904S in exon 15 (rs1800863), and rs2075912 and rs2565200 in the 3′-untranslated region of the RET proto-oncogene are in complete linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1, r2 = 1); no correlation of these SNP and MTC was observed in this pedigree. (4) No hot-spot mutation of the RET proto-oncogene was detected in this pedigree. We drew the conclusion that the heterozygous nonsynonymous variant p.D707E in the RET proto-oncogene is rare, but it is a risk factor for hereditary MTC.

AKAP95 in lung cancer tissues showed higher expression than in paracancerous tissues. AKAP95 can bind with cyclin D and cyclin E during G1/S cell cycle transition, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To identify the mechanism of AKAP95 in cell cycle progression, we performed AKAP95 transfection and silencing in A549 cells, examined AKAP95, cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 expression, and the interactions of AKAP95 with cyclins E1 and E2. Results showed that over-expression of AKAP95 promoted cell growth and AKAP95 bound cyclin E1 and E2, low molecular weight cyclin E1 (LWM-E1) and LWM-E2. Additionally AKAP95 bound cyclin E1 and LMW-E2 in the nucleus during G1/S transition, bound LMW-E1 during G1, S and G2/M, and bound cyclin E2 mainly on the nuclear membrane during interphase. Cyclin E2 and LMW-E2 were also detected. AKAP95 over-expression increased cyclin E1 and LMW-E2 expression but decreased cyclin E2 levels. Unlike cyclin E1 and LMW-E2 that were nuclear located during the G1, S and G1/S phases, cyclin E2 and LMW-E1 were expressed in all cell cycle phases, with cyclin E2 present in the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane, with traces in the nucleus. LMW-E1 was present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The 20 kDa form of LMW-E1 showed only cytoplasmic expression, while the 40 kDa form was nuclear expressed. The expression of AKAP95, cyclin E1, LMW-E1 and -E2, might be regulated by cAMP. We conclude that AKAP95 might promote cell cycle progression by interacting with cyclin E1 and LMW-E2. LMW-E2, but not cyclin E2, might be involved in G1/S transition. The binding of AKAP95 and LMW-E1 was found throughout cell cycle.

Blood pressure responses to sodium intake are heterogeneous among populations. Few studies have assessed occupational disparities in the association between sodium intake and hypertension in older people. We used cross-sectional data from 14,292 participants aged 60 years or older in Xiamen, China, in 2013. Self-reported salt-eating habit was examined with three levels: low, medium, and high. The main lifetime occupation was classified into indoor laborer and outdoor laborer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of hypertension with self-reported salt-eating habit, main lifetime occupation, and their interactions by adjusting for some covariates, with further stratification by sex. Overall, 13,738 participants had complete data, of whom 30.22% had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.57%, 28.63%, and 31.97% in participants who reported to have low, medium, and high salt-eating habit, respectively. Outdoor laborers presented significantly lower prevalence of hypertension than indoor laborers (26.04% vs. 34.26%, p < 0.001). Indoor laborers with high salt-eating habit had the greatest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.09–1.59]). An increased trend of odds in eating habit as salt-heavier was presented in indoor laborers (p-trend = 0.048), especially for women (p-trend = 0.001). No clear trend presented in men. Conclusively, sex-specific occupational disparities exist in the association between self-reported salt-eating habit and hypertension in older individuals. Overlooking the potential moderating role of sex and occupation might affect the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension.

Objective To explore the influence of educational level on preference for care mode among the elderly in Xiamen and provide basis for the development of old-care mode and intervention of the preference.Methods A questionnaire survey among the over-60-year-old elderly in Xiamen was conducted by multi-stage sampling.Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the in-fluence of educational level on preference for care mode.Results Among the 1 259 respondents,the elderly who were "illiterate/nearly illit-erate"made up 43.1%,while participants with "college degree and above"only made up 7.5%.The proportions of the elderly who choose family care,community residential care and institution care were 70.1%,21.0% and 8.9% respectively.Compared with the elderly who were "illiterate/nearly illiterate",participants who had "senior high school degree"or "college degree and above"were more likely to choose community residential care〔ORs (95%CI) were 2.06(1.13,3.75) and 2.46(1.20,5.05) respectively〕 and institution care〔ORs (95%CI) were 3.36(1.34,8.46) and 4.52(1.58,12.92) respectively〕.Conclusions Among the elderly in Xiamen,the majority are with lower educational level and family care is their main preference for care mode.Educational level has influence on the elderly's preference for care mode.The elderly with higher educational level are more likely to choose community residential care or institution care.

Here we show that A-kinase anchoring protein 95 (AKAP95) and connexin 43 (Cx43) dynamically interact during cell cycle progression of lung cancer A549 cells. Interaction between AKAP95 and Cx43 at different cell cycle phases was examined by tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS), confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP). Over the course of a complete cell cycle, interaction between AKAP95 and Cx43 occurred in two stages: binding stage from late G1 to metaphase, and separating stage from anaphase to late G1. The binding stage was further subdivided into complex binding to DNA in interphase and complex separating from DNA in metaphase. In late G1, Cx43 translocated to the nucleus via AKAP95; in anaphase, Cx43 separated from AKAP95 and aggregated between two daughter nuclei. In telophase, Cx43 aggregated at the membrane of the cleavage furrow. After mitosis, Cx43 was absent from the furrow membrane and was located in the cytoplasm. Binding between AKAP95 and Cx43 was reduced by N-(2-[P-Bromocinnamylamino]-ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonmide (H89) treatment and enhanced by Forskolin. dynamic interaction between AKAP95 and Cx43 varies with cell cycle progression to regulate multiple biological processes.

Objective: To delve into the expressions of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cell cycle protein E (cyclinE), and gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in breast cancer tissues, and to analyze the association between each of the proteins and pathological parameters, as well as the proteins' interrelationships. Methods: AKAP95, cyclinE, and Cx43 protein expression rates were evaluated by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry in 50 breast cancer specimens and 10 pericarcinoma tissues. Results: The positive expression rate of AKAP95 was higher in breast cancer tissues (78%) than in pericarcinoma tissues (40%). The expression of cyclinE significantly increased in breast cancer tissues (80%) than in pericarcinoma tissues (20%). However, the Cx43 expression was significantly lower in breast cancer tissues (42%) than in pericarcinoma tissues (80%). There was a correlation between each two of AKAP95, cyclinE, and Cx43 expressions. Besides, protein expressions of AKAP95 and P53, Cx43 and P53, and Cx43 and estrogen receptor (ER) also correlated with each other. Conclusion: AKAP95 and cyclinE protein expression rates were significantly higher and Cx43 protein expression rates were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared with pericarcinoma samples, suggesting an association between these proteins and the development and progression of Breast Cancer. In addition, the correlations of these proteins also revealed that they may have a synergistic effect during the development of breast cancer. The high expression of P53 may be an antagonistic reaction to the cancer promoting effect of AKAP95 and cyclinE's high expression or a compensatory reaction to decreased tumor-suppressor effect of Cx43.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the protein expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cyclin D3 and AKT with pathological indicators in lung cancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression levels of the proteins in 51 lung cancer tissue samples and 15 pericarcinoma tissue samples. The percentage of cyclin D3 positive samples in the lung cancer and pericarcinoma tissues was 68.63 and 28.57%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). However, cyclin D3 expression was not shown to correlate with differentiation grade, histological type or lymph node metastasis. In addition, the percentage of AKT positive samples in the cancer and pericarcinoma tissues was 76.47 and 38.46%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). AKT expression was found to significantly correlate with the grade of cancer tissue differentiation (P<0.05); however, no correlations were observed with histological type or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). AKAP95 expression was shown to correlate with cyclin D3 and AKT expression in the lung cancer tissue (P<0.05); however, there was no correlation between cyclin D3 and AKT expression. The present study provided evidence suggesting that AKAP95 may have a role in regulation of the cell cycle.

Objective: To investigate correlations among A-kinase anchor protein95 (AKAP95), Connexin43 (Cx43), CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 in esophageal squamous cell cancer tissues, and their relationship with clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: The protein levels of AKAP95, Cx43, CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 in 54 cases of esophageal squamous cell cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of AKAP95, CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 in esophageal squamous cell cancer tissues (53.70%, 88.89%, 72.22%, respectively) was significantly increased when compared to pericarcinoma tissues (20.00%, P < 0.05; 6.67%, P < 0.01; and 20.00%, P < 0.05; respectively). By contrast, Cx43 expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer tissues (22.22%) was lower than that in pericarcinoma tissues (60.00%, P < 0.05). The expression of AKAP95, Cx43, CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 in the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was unrelated to lymph node metastasis and the degree of differentiation. The expression of Cx43, CyclinE1, CyclinD1 in the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly correlated with AKAP95, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Expression levels of AKAP95, CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 were higher, and that of Cx43 lower in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues as compared pericarcinoma tissues, which suggests their importance in the incidence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of Cx43, CyclinE1, CyclinD1 in the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was correlated with AKAP95, respectively. The expression of AKAP95, Cx43, CyclinE1 and CyclinD1 in the tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was unrelated to the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Connexin43 (Cx43) in rectal cancer tissues and assess the associations between each of the proteins and pathological parameters, as well as their inter-relationships. METHODS:AKAP95, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Cx43 protein expression rates were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 50 rectal cancer specimens and 16 pericarcinoma tissues. RESULTS:The positive rates of AKAP95, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin D1 proteins were 54.00 vs. 18.75%, 62.00 vs. 6.25%, and 72.00 vs. 31.25% in rectal cancer specimens and pericarcinoma tissues, respectively, representing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Cx43 protein expression in rectal cancer tissues was 44.00% and 62.50% in pericarcinoma tissues, and the difference between them was not significant (P > 0.05). No significant associations were found between protein expression of AKAP95, Cyclin E1, Cyclin D1, and Cx43, and the degree of differentiation, histological type, and lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer (P > 0.05). However, significant correlations were obtained between the expression rates of AKAP95 and Cyclin E1, Cyclin E1 and Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 and Cx43 protein, and Cyclin D1 and Cx43, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:AKAP95, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin D1 protein expression rates were significantly higher in rectal cancer tissues compared with pericarcinoma samples, suggesting an association between these proteins and the development and progression of rectal cancer. In addition, the significant correlations between the proteins (AKAP95 and Cyclin E1, Cyclin E1 and Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1 and Cx43 protein, and Cyclin D1 and Cx43) indicate the possible synergistic effects of these factors in the development and progression of rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cell cycle protein E1 (cyclinE1) and D1 (cyclinD1), and gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in ovarian cancer tissues, the relationship between four proteins and clinicopathologic parameters, and the correlation between these proteins. METHODS:The expression of proteins in 54 cases of ovarian cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:The positive expression rates of AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues were 72.22%, 66.67% and 79.63%, respectively, which were higher than that of ovarian pericarcinoma tissues expressing as 33.33%, 25% and 8.30% (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Cx43 in ovarian cancer tissues was 40.74%, which was lower than that of ovarian pericarcinoma tissues expressing as 75%; respectively, and the difference was statistically significant between groups (P<0.05). The expression of cyclinD1 in ovarian cancer tissues was related to the histologic type (P<0.05) while it showed no correlation with the degree of differentiation (P>0.05). Additionally, the expression of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues showed no correlation with the degree of differentiation or the histologic type (P>0.05). Protein expressions of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 were correlated with each other (P<0.05), and the expressions of cyclinD1, cyclinE1 and Cx43 were also correlated with each other (P<0.05). However, AKAP95 and cyclinD1 showed no correlation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 play an important role in promoting the process of ovarian cancer formation. The tumor inhibitory effects of Cx43 protein on the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer were weakened. The expression of cyclinD1 in ovarian cancer tissues is related to the histologic type while it shows no correlation with the degree of differentiation. Additionally, the expression of AKAP95, Cx43 and cyclinE1 in ovarian cancer tissues shows no correlation with the degree of differentiation or the histologic type. AKAP95 expression is correlated with Cx43 and cyclinE1 expression; Cx43 expression is correlated with AKAP95, cyclinD1 and cyclinE1 expression; cyclinE1 expression is correlated with AKAP95, Cx43, cyclinD1 expression; cyclinD1 expression is correlated with Cx43 and cyclinE1 expression, while AKAP95 and cyclinD1 show no correlation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between expression of A-kinase anchoring protein 95 (AKAP95) and protein expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin D1 in lung cancer tissue. METHODS Fifty-one cases of lung cancer were included in the study. The protein expression of AKAP95, cyclin E1, and cyclin D1 were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The protein expression of cyclin E1 in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues (positive rate: 75.56%vs 20%, P < 0.01); its expression showed no relationship with histopathological type, lymph node metastasis, and cellular differentiation (P > 0.05). The protein expression of cyclin D1 in lung cancer tissues was higher than that in para-cancerous tissues (positive rate: 69.39% vs 14.29%); its expression showed a significant relationship with histopathological type (P < 0.05). The expression of AKAP95 was correlated with the protein expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin D1 in lung cancer tissues (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cyclin E1 and cyclin D1 are highly expressed in lung cancer tissue, suggesting that they play an important role in the development and progression of lung cancer. The protein expression of cyclin E1 has no relationship with cellular differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type of lung cancer, and the protein expression of cyclin D1 has a significant relationship with histopathological type. The expression of AKAP95 is correlated with the protein expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin D1 in lung cancer tissue.

Purpose To investigate the protective effect and character of dl-praeruptorin A (Pd-Ia) on focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Methods Transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1.5 h.Pd-Ia was administered intraperitoneally either with multiple doses (1,5 and 10 mg/kg) at 0.5 h before ischemia or single dose (5 mg/kg) at 0.5 h and 1 h before ischemic,the same time of ischemia,the same time of reperfusion,or 0.5 h and 1 h after reperfusion respectively.Neurological deficit score,infarct volume,brain edema,the activities of SOD and the contents of MDA were determined.Results Pretreatment with multiple doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of Pd-Ia at 0.5 h before ischemia or single dose (5 mg/kg) of Pd-Ia at 0.5 h before ischemia,at the same time of ischemic,at the same time of reperfusion and 0.5 h after reperfusion significantly attenuated neurological deficit score,decreased infarct volume and alleviated brain edema,and the treatment at the time of reperfusion had the most marked effect.Pd-Ia (5 or 10 mg/kg) can significantly enhance the activities of SOD and lower the contents MDA.Conclusion dl-praeruptorin A has a neuroprotective effect on the injury in the acute phase of transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice,with optimal doses of 5 mg/kg and the optimal therapeutic time point of the same time of reperfusion.