目的 了解福建省厦门市老年人轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患病情况及其影响因素,为改善老年人认知功能、提高老年人生活质量提供科学依据.方法 于2016年7-10月采用分层随机抽样方法在厦门市抽取3043名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查.结果 厦门市调查的3 043名老年人中,患MCI者613例,MCI患病率为20.14％;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄≥70岁、文化程度小学及以上、居住在郊区和农村是厦门市老年人MCI患病的危险因素,使用智能手机、睡眠质量一般和好是厦门市老年人MCI患病的保护因素.结论 厦门市老年人MCI患病率较高,性别、年龄、文化程度、居住地、使用智能手机情况和睡眠质量是该地区老年人MCI患病的主要影响因素.

ABSTRACT Background: Cognition is multidimensional, and each domain plays a unique and crucial part in successful daily life engagement. However, less attention has been paid to multi-domain cognitive health for the elderly, and the role of lifestyle factors in each domain remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,230 older adults aged 60+ years in Xiamen, China, in 2016. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to measure general cognition and six specific sub-domains. To account for educational effects, we adjusted the MoCA score and divided respondents into three education-specific groups (low, moderate, and high education groups with ≤5, 6~8, and ≥9 years of education, respectively). A series of proportional odds models were used to detect the associations between two categories of lifestyle factors – substance abuse (cigarette and alcohol) and leisure activity (TV watching, reading, smartphone use, social activity, and exercise) – and general cognition and the six sub-domains in those three groups. Results: Among the 3,230 respondents, 2,617 eligible participants were included with a mean age of 69.05 ± 7.07 years. Previous or current smoking/drinking was not associated with MoCA scores in the whole population, but unexpectedly, the ex-smokers in the low education group performed better in general cognition (OR = 2.22) and attention (OR = 2.05) than their never-smoking counterparts. Modest TV watching, reading, and smartphone use also contributed to better cognition among elderly participants in the low education group. For the highly educated elderly, comparatively longer reading (>3.5 hours/week) was inversely associated with general cognition (OR = 0.53), memory (OR = 0.59), and language (OR = 0.54), while adequate exercise (5~7 days/week) was positively related to these factors with OR = 1.48, OR = 1.49, and OR = 1.53, respectively. For the moderately educated elderly, only modest reading was significantly beneficial. Conclusions: Lifestyle factors play different roles in multidimensional cognitive health in different educational groups, indicating that individual intervention strategies should be designed according to specific educational groups and different cognitive sub-domains.

Objective: To explore the cognitive functions of the elderly aged 60 years and above in Xiamen, and whether TV watching time would affect those functions. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 3 230 registered individuals aged 60 years and above in Xiamen from July to October in 2016 with a multi-stage random sampling method. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to measure cognitive functions and ordinal logistic regression was used to quantify their associations with TV watching time. Results: A total of 2 944 respondents were included in this study. The overall age of them was (70.14±7.81) years. 51.49% (n=1 516) of all participants were men. Overall, the mean scores of MoCA in general and each subdomain cognitive function were 18.65±6.43 (general), 5.43±1.17 (orientation), 2.33±1.95 (memory), 1.80±1.52 (visuospatial), 1.66±1.20 (executive), 4.54±1.71 (attention), and 4.09±1.64 (language). Compared to those who watched TV no more than 2 hours per day, the elderly who did not watch TV had a worse performance in general, orientation, memory, visuospatial, executive, attention, language function, with OR (95%CI) values about 0.50 (0.35-0.71), 0.52 (0.37-0.73), 0.68 (0.48-0.96), 0.67 (0.47-0.96), 0.48 (0.34-0.67), 0.56 (0.41-0.77) and 0.45 (0.33-0.62), respectively. As to respondents who watched TV more than 2 hours but no more than 4 hours per day, they had a better performance in general, executive, attention, language, and orientation function with respective OR (95%CI) values about 1.24 (1.05-1.47), 1.20 (1.02-1.41), 1.41 (1.19-1.67), 1.51 (1.28-1.77) and 1.33 (1.08-1.64). Conclusion: The elderly aged 60 years and above in Xiamen City with TV watching time between 2 and 4 hours per day had a good performance in cognitive functions compared to those with more or less TV watching time.

Objective To explore the influence of educational level on preference for care mode among the elderly in Xiamen and provide basis for the development of old-care mode and intervention of the preference.Methods A questionnaire survey among the over-60-year-old elderly in Xiamen was conducted by multi-stage sampling.Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the in-fluence of educational level on preference for care mode.Results Among the 1 259 respondents,the elderly who were "illiterate/nearly illit-erate"made up 43.1%,while participants with "college degree and above"only made up 7.5%.The proportions of the elderly who choose family care,community residential care and institution care were 70.1%,21.0% and 8.9% respectively.Compared with the elderly who were "illiterate/nearly illiterate",participants who had "senior high school degree"or "college degree and above"were more likely to choose community residential care〔ORs (95%CI) were 2.06(1.13,3.75) and 2.46(1.20,5.05) respectively〕 and institution care〔ORs (95%CI) were 3.36(1.34,8.46) and 4.52(1.58,12.92) respectively〕.Conclusions Among the elderly in Xiamen,the majority are with lower educational level and family care is their main preference for care mode.Educational level has influence on the elderly's preference for care mode.The elderly with higher educational level are more likely to choose community residential care or institution care.