为获得多功能的高寒植物根际促生菌(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR),并明确其生理生化特性,本研究采用选择性培养基法从川西北广泛分布的5种高寒草甸植物根际土壤和根系中分离了 44株菌株,并对菌株的溶磷、固氮和解钾特性进行测定.结果显示:25株为溶无机磷菌株,24株为溶有机磷菌株,溶磷量分别在10.98～90.27μg·mL-1和10.58～64.56μg·mL-1之间;固氮菌株共20株,其固氮酶活性介于5.23～64.87 nmol(C2 H4)·h-1·mL-1之间;解钾菌株21株,解钾量在9.23～73.21 μg·mL-1之间.经过形态学和生理生化特征分析,最终筛选出12株兼具溶磷、固氮和解钾的多功能菌株,分子鉴定将其归属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobact-er)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomoas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、戴尔福特菌属(Delftia)和寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas).研究结果可为川西北高原土壤微生物菌肥的开发提供优质菌源参考.

高寒草地沙化是青藏高原生态安全的严峻威胁,研究沙化过程中土壤碳氮和微生物变化有助于揭示驱动高寒草地沙化演替的生物学机制.以川西北沙化高寒草地为研究对象,分析了未沙化、轻度沙化、中度沙化和重度沙化程度下土壤碳氮、酶活性以及细菌多样性的变化.结果表明:中度和重度沙化显著降低了土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、可溶解性总氮、可溶解性有机氮、微生物量氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量(P<0.05),但轻度沙化下的土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、硝态氮和铵态氮含量没有显著变化;土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、几丁质酶、脲酶和过氧化物酶活性通常随沙化的加剧而降低,下降速率最大的阶段出现在轻度沙化向中度沙化过渡的阶段;土壤细菌多样性随着沙化的加剧先增加后降低,最高细菌多样性出现在轻度沙化阶段,但不同沙化程度下土壤细菌群落结构并无显著差异.冗余分析表明,土壤碳、氮、酶活性与细菌多样性呈正相关关系;主成分分析表明,土壤有机碳、微生物量氮、过氧化物酶和几丁质酶对土壤优势菌的影响最大.因此,在轻度沙化阶段及时采取治理措施更能有效阻止土壤性质的恶化,在沙化土壤恢复过程中还需要关注少数菌群的重建作用.

为了解不同浓度Cu2+对马来眼子菜叶片内部结构的影响,采用石蜡切片法和透射电镜观察马来眼子菜的形态解剖结构特征和细胞超微结构变化.结果 表明,马来眼子菜叶肉组织、叶绿体和细胞壁对Cu2的响应较明显.与对照组相比,马来眼子菜在低浓度Cu2+ (0.5mg/L)胁迫下仍能保持正常的生长发育;较高浓度处理组(1.0mg/L)使得表皮细胞和薄壁细胞变形,部分叶肉组织皱缩在一起,叶绿体和细胞壁也呈现不同程度的变形;随着Cu2+浓度的升高(2.0mg/L,3.0mg/L),叶绿体内部有越来越多的淀粉粒和脂质小球生成,细胞壁边缘颜色明显变暗;高浓度(4.0mg/L)胁迫下,表皮细胞变得凹凸不平,整个叶片以叶脉为支点向上拱起,叶绿体濒临解体,细胞壁呈现波浪式的变形.研究表明:马来眼子菜对低浓度的Cu2+具有一定的耐受性;当Cu2+浓度较高时,叶片叶肉组织和细胞叶绿体、细胞壁受重金属毒害较为明显.

目的 调查云南省大学新生睡眠质量与抑郁、焦虑的关系.方法 选取云南省845名大学一年级新生,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评定其睡眠质量以及抑郁、焦虑状况.结果 845名大学新生中,PSQI总分为(5.68±2.42)分,睡眠问题检出率为19.5％.男生PSQI评分低于女生,重点本科院校学生PSQI评分低于普通本科院校学生(P<0.05).大学新生准备入睡的平均时间为(23.76±0.73)时,平均睡眠维持时间为(6.55±0.88)h/d.抑郁和焦虑的检出率分别为13.7％和6.6％.睡眠问题检出组PSQI总分及各因子分,PHQ-9、GAD-7评分,抑郁、焦虑阳性检出率均高于睡眠问题未检出组(P<0.001).PSQI总分及各因子分与PHQ-9、GAD-7评分均呈正相关(P<0.05).睡眠障碍、主观睡眠质量、日间功能障碍均能预测大学生的抑郁、焦虑(P<0.05);抑郁、焦虑同时也预测睡眠质量(P<0.05).结论 云南省大学新生的睡眠模式普遍存在入睡晚、睡眠不足、睡眠问题检出率高,且睡眠质量与抑郁、焦虑相关.

为研究共情训练提高少数民族地区留守儿童共情能力的有效性,在某少数民族地区农村中心小学展开调研,通过基线调查筛选五年级两个自然班级为研究对象并分为实验组和对照组.实验组每周接受1次共情训练,每次1小时,连续干预11周,对照组不接受共情训练.干预前后,均采用基本共情量表、人际关系冲突解决策略量表为测量工具.研究结果表明,实验组无论是共情能力总分,还是认知共情、行为共情、人际冲突解决策略量表得分均高于对照组级,且差异均达显著性水平.可见共情训练可以提高少数民族地区农村留守儿童的共情能力,进而帮助其改善人际关系,促进其亲社会行为.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">&lt;正&gt;灾后心理救援已成为灾害精神医学的研究热点。目前,我国亟需编制一个专门针对灾后人群心理健康评估的简便、经济、可行的评估工具^[1]。本研究采用改良的德尔菲（Delphi）法,开发地震灾后早期快速心理评估工具。1对象与方法1.1对象研究时间为2015年8月-2015年12月,从全国抽选,近5年具有灾后救援经验的专家12人、救援人员15人(医护人员、心理咨询师、社会工</span>

目的：了解贫困少数民族地区农村中心小学校五、六年级学生的心理发展状况，对留守儿童与非留守儿童进行对照研究，讨论其自尊、情绪、社会交往差异。方法：采用《自尊量表》、《儿童孤独量表》、《儿童社交焦虑量表》进行调查。结果：留守与非留守儿童在自尊、儿童孤独量表、儿童社交焦虑量表上不存在显著差异。

By using the two-step method of DEA and Tobit,the paper assessed 29 provinces'(autonomous regions and municipalities) fairness of pension coverage in rural China in 2009 and analyzed the related factors based on the output index from pension coverage.It showed that most rural areas in China have inadequate investment in pension insurance and the problem of underutilization of pension insurance funds in some areas.Meanwhile,the aging level and the relative size of the government impose positive impacts on the input-output efficiency of pension coverage in rural areas,while the proportion of primary industry has a negative effect on it.Based on analysis above,the paper proposed some measures to expand the pension coverage and improve the level of insurance in rural areas from the aspects below,namely promoting economic development,increasing revenue,strengthening the government's responsibility,increasing investment in rural endowment insurance,and improving the efficiency of related resources,

Objective:To study the effects of group psychological counseling on love psychological problems in college students,and to provide evidence for mental health service and sexual education in college.Methods:Forty-five college students in Yunnan University were collected and assigned to experiment group(N=25)and control group(N=20).Experiment group was intervened for 9 weeks and control group was not intervened.The subjects were assessed with the Self-Esteem Scale(SES)and Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)at baseline and the end of the study.Results:Before group psychological counseling,the two groups had no significant difference in SES and ASLEC score(P>0.05).After intervention,the SES score in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(32.08±1.93)vs.(26.77±3.71),P <0.01].In ASLEC,the score of interpersonal [(4.58±2.92)vs.(8.00±4.55)] and health factor [(6.25±3.11)vs.(7.90±5.18)] in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01).Experiment group held a positive evaluation on group counseling.All members liked the group.They believed that it increased confidence of dealing with love affair and increased the rational thinking of love;72% of members believed that it increased to deal with love affair in the knowledge and skills;84% of members believed that it changed their life;88% of members would introduce others to take part in similar groups;84% of members were satisfied with the activity.Conclusion:Group psychological counseling may improve mental health of loving students.

Objective:To explore psychological health state of unwanted pregnant adolescents and effect factors,provide a basis for intervention.Methods:33 unwanted pregnant adolescents under 26 years underwent induced abortion,then they were evaluated by Self-report Anxiety Scale(SAS),Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales(CRS-D) and self-designed questionnaire.Results:The age of first sexual intercourse was 17～24 years and the average age was(20±2) years,30% of the adolescents had the history of induced abortion(five times),the average times was 1.57 times;the score of SAS(48.88±3.92) was higher than that of norm(29.78±0.46)(Z=3.995 7,P<0.001),the detection rate of positive symptoms was 45%;the score of CRS-D in the minorities(33.00±6.80) was lower than that in the Han nationality(41.26±2.89)(F=10.639,P<0.01);the score of depression in patients with senior high school education level was significantly higher than those in patients with junior high school,junior college and undergraduate education level(P<0.05,P<0.01,P=0.00);the score of anxiety in patients whose sexual partner was middle school students was higher than that whose sexual partner was undergraduate(P<0.05);the score of depression in patients whose education level was higher than that of sexual partner was higher than that in patients whose education level was equal to sexual partner(P<0.05).Conclusion:The psychological health state of unwanted pregnant adolescents is bad,particular in Han nationality and students;education levels of patients and sexual partners are main effect factors of psychological health of unwanted pregnant adolescents.

The amativeness in especially is an important problem in youth research.Through analyses characteristic of amative perplexity and effect of social group work,according to practice,the paper provides method of social group work of amative mentality and evaluation.

It is of great importance for promoting school psychological health education to developpsychological counseling of school friends at school,which is a necessary and effective supplement of professional psychological counseling.The key to the development of the psychological counseling of school friends is how to select and train the psychological consultants of school friends.The paper expounds the selection,training and evaluation of the psychological consultants of school friends as well their accomplishments.

Objective To inquire into the reasons and relevant factors of unwilling gestation of adolescents and to offer basis of sexual health and medical care of adolescents. Method We use unregistered and self-stated questionnaire designed by ourselves. Content involves the general condition, sexual contraception knowledge, sexual ideas, sexual attitude and gestation reason of investigated objects, and so on. By using questionnaire we investigate 32 adolescents for unwilling gestation selected. Results Among investigated persons students contain 37.5 %, migrant workers contain 25 %. Gestation rate for the ages from 19 to 23 is the maximum. For first sexual practice the youngest age is 17. The first three places of knowledge resource of sexual contraception: 43.8 % learn from network media, 31.3 % from school, and 15.6 % from sexual fellows. For the recognition that emergency contraception and induced abortion may result in sterility, the correctness rate contains 68.8 %. Among unwilling gestation persons the sexual fellows of 90.6 %are their lovers, those of 6.3 % are common friends, and that of 3.1 % is one-night lover. 62.5 % consider that the occurrence of the sexual behavior is the inevitable result of love. 75 % have not adopted contraception. 25 %break down to avoid pregnancy. 96.9 % mean to need to study the knowledge of contraception. Conclusion Unwilling gestation of adolescents has already become unavoidable society problem; The lacks of sexual education is the main reasons. Sexual health education of adolescents must pay attention on self-protection education and impartation of knowledge of sexual contraception.

目的为了探讨中小学教师的主观幸福感状况.方法采用<主观幸福感指数量表>,对116名教师和113名非教师群体进行调查.结果①除了在教师来源(所在地区)因素上外,其它变量水平上教师群体的幸福感不存在显著的差异;②教师群体在生活满意度和幸福感指数上得分均显著高于非教师群体;③男性教师群体的幸福感显著高于男性非教师群体;25岁以上的教师群体的幸福感明显高于25岁以上的非教师群体;已婚教师群体的幸福感显著高于已婚的非教师群体的幸福感 .结论中小学教师主观幸福感高于其他的非教师群体.