Relevance: The backwardness of domestic football prompts a critical analysis of the entire system of training football players and the search for new, innovative approaches to the educational and training process. Purpose: To theoretically and experimentally justify a new approach to the process of teaching technical and tactical actions of children 6-7 years old based on the development of game intelligence. Material and methods: Young football players (n=26) took part in the experiment. We studied indicators that, in our opinion, are components of gaming intelligence (physical, aesthetic and spatial intelligence). A battery of motor and mental tests was used. Results: based on the theory of H. Gardner, researches of M. Bernshtein, V. Platonov formulated a new concept - "game intelligence of a football player", which is considered as a synthesis of manifestations of bodily-kinesthetic and spatial types of player's intelligence. According to the results of the one-year experiment, the advantage of the holistic process of teaching technical and tactical actions based on the use of specially developed simulation games and game tasks was proven. Thus, at the end of the study, the experimental group had a statistically significant advantage in manifestations of bodily- kinesthetic intelligence, in particular, in the Lyakh test and the Pavlik-Mykota test. The advantage in terms of spatial intelligence was as follows: in the Kern- Irasik test, the Bartashnikov test, and the Venger test. Conclusions: the results of the conducted experiment provide certain grounds for making changes in the methodology of teaching technical and tactical actions based on the accented application of developed simulation games and game tasks.

Results of experiments aimed at amplification of the pressure of laser-induced shock wave on the passage from low- to high-density target material via vacuum gap are presented. During the action of nanosecond laser pulse of terawatt power on plane composite targets comprising a layer of laser radiation absorber of low-density (0.01–0.025 g/cm3) spaced by vacuum gap from a layer of aluminum, the shock-wave velocity in aluminum reached 25–29 km/s and a pressure jump at the aluminum layer boundary was 1.2–1.5 times as large as that observed in experiments on the cumulative transition of laser-induced shock wave into a solid. The obtained experimental data are compared to results of the numerical calculations performed using hydrodynamic programs in which the shock-wave generation and propagation was modeled with allowance for the interaction of laser pulses with partly homogenized plasma of the porous material. Based on the results of experiments, numerical calculations, and their theoretical analysis, the efficiency of using low-density porous media in the targets intended for their equation of state investigations and inertial confinement fusion ignition is considered.

The compression and burning of a fusion target ignited by a focused shock wave produced at the action of a time-profiled second harmonic laser pulse of a Nd laser have been calculated and theoretically studied. The main energy features of the shock ignition scheme have been considered. The use of the second harmonic radiation corresponds to a higher energy and a longer laser pulse necessary for ignition by this method compared to the use of the third harmonic radiation. Nevertheless, the method of ignition by the focused shock wave with the second harmonic radiation makes it possible to reach the fusion target gain that is two or three times higher than that at the traditional spark ignition with the laser pulse energy higher than in the former case by a factor of 1.5. The numerical calculations have been performed with one-dimensional hydrodynamic codes.

The paper is devoted to the numerical and theoretical study of compression and burning of a thermonuclear target under the conditions of inhomogeneous heating due to direct irradiation with a multi-beam megajoule laser facility. The two-dimensional distribution of absorbed laser energy has been numerically calculated taking into account refraction and various known factors of the violation of irradiation homogeneity. The limits of the violation of irradiation uniformity caused by these factors, which are acceptable for spark ignition of the target irradiated with 192 laser beams of the modern megajoule facilities, are determined. The target offset relative to the aiming point of the laser beams should not exceed 2% of the target radius, mispointing of the beams (5% of the target radius), mistiming of the laser pulses (3% of the pulse duration) and energy imbalance among the laser clusters (12%). These values exceed the permissible deviations for the laser facility being developed within the frameworks of the project.

We have studied the dependence of the compression and burning of a spherical direct-drive fusion target on the nonuniformity of its heating caused by the asynchronous arrival of laser beams under conditions of irradiation by a modern laser system with a total energy of 2 MJ intended for the fuel ignition and fusion energy evolution equal to the absorbed laser energy. The investigation is performed by numerical simulation based on 2D hydrodynamic codes. It is established that the limiting permissible spread of the moments of laser pulse action on the target for ignition significantly exceeds the level that can be ensured using modern methods of controlled temporal synchronization of laser beams.

Direct-drive fusion targets are considered at present as an alternative to targets of indirect compression at a laser energy level of about 2 MJ. In this approach, the symmetry of compression and ignition of thermonuclear fuel play the major role. We report on the results of theoretical investigation of compression and burning of spherical direct-drive targets in the conditions of spatial nonuniformity of heating associated with a shift of the target from the beam center of focusing and possible laser radiation energy disbalance in the beams. The investigation involves numerous calculations based on a complex of 1D and 2D codes RAPID, SEND (for determining the target illumination and the dynamics of absorption), DIANA, and NUT (1D and multidimensional hydrodynamics of compression and burning of targets). The target under investigation had the form of a two-layer shell (ablator made of inertial material CH and DT ice) filled with DT gas. We have determined the range of admissible variation of compression and combustion parameters of the target depending on the variation of the spatial nonuniformity of its heating by a multibeam laser system. It has been shown that low-mode (long-wavelength) perturbations deteriorate the characteristics of the central region due to less effective conversion of the kinetic energy of the target shell into the internal energy of the center. Local initiation of burning is also observed in off-center regions of the target in the case of substantial asymmetry of irradiation. In this case, burning is not spread over the entire volume of the DT fuel as a rule, which considerably reduces the thermonuclear yield as compared to that in the case of spherical symmetry and central ignition.

Purpose: to study adaptation of 6 years children’s muscular skeletal apparatus to learning work by indicators of static endurance dynamic. Material: in the research 6 years children participated (n=64, boys - n=36, girls- n=28). Indicators of main muscular groups’ static endurance were studied. Results: we determined comparative topography of 13 muscular groups’ static endurance and substantial sex dimorphism was found. In 9 muscular groups the boys advantage was 11.7 - 50.2% (р < 0.05 ÷ 0.01). The level and correlation of muscles-antagonists’ static endurance from the point of evolutionary and ontogeny development of muscular-skeletal apparatus were substantiated. At the end of semester we found significant (р < 0.001) reduction of static endurance indicators as well as the fact that torso muscles were the most sensitive to influence of learning work’s static component. The level of static endurance weakening, under which syndrome of static over-tension appears, was determined. Conclusions: the research results permit to balance the volumes of learning load at initial stage of school work. Organizational-methodic principles of learning and physical education system for children shall be oriented on overcoming muscular-skeletal apparatus’s dysfunctions.

Central ignition of a thin two-layer-shell fusion target that is directly driven by a 2-MJ profiled pulse of Nd laser second-harmonic radiation has been studied. The parameters of the target were selected so as to provide effective acceleration of the shell toward the center, which was sufficient for the onset of ignition under conditions of increased hydrodynamic stability of the ablator acceleration and compression. The aspect ratio of the inner deuterium-tritium layer of the shell does not exceed 15, provided that a major part (above 75%) of the outer layer (plastic ablator) is evaporated by the instant of maximum compression. The investigation is based on two series of numerical calculations that were performed using one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic codes. The first 1D code was used to calculate the absorption of the profiled laser-radiation pulse (including calculation of the total absorption coefficient with allowance for the inverse bremsstrahlung and resonance mechanisms) and the spatial distribution of target heating for a real geometry of irradiation using 192 laser beams in a scheme of focusing with a cubo-octahedral symmetry. The second 1D code was used for simulating the total cycle of target evolution under the action of absorbed laser radiation and for determining the thermonuclear gain that was achieved with a given target.

Purpose: substantiation of health related training influence of basketball and volleyball elements on functional state of 1 st year students’ visual analyzers in period of adaptation to learning loads with expressed visual component. Material: in experiment 29 students of 17-18 year age without visual pathologies participated. Indicators of visual performance were determined by correction table of Tagayeva and processed by Weston methodic. Accommodative function was tested by method of mechanical proximetry. Results: the authors worked out and tested two programs of visual training. Influence of visual trainings on visual performance’s main components (quickness, quality, integral indicators) was studied as well as eye’s accommodative function (by dynamic of position of the nearest point of clear vision). Conclusions: Application of visual trainings at physical education classes permits to improve indicators of visual analyzer’s performance as well as minimize negative influence of intensive learning loads on eye’ accommodative function.

Purpose: substantiation of health related training influence of basketball and volleyball elements on functional state of 1 st year students’ visual analyzers in period of adaptation to learning loads with expressed visual component. Material: in experiment 29 students of 17-18 year age without visual pathologies participated. Indicators of visual performance were determined by correction table of Tagayeva and processed by Weston methodic. Accommodative function was tested by method of mechanical proximetry. Results: the authors worked out and tested two programs of visual training. Influence of visual trainings on visual performance’s main components (quickness, quality, integral indicators) was studied as well as eye’s accommodative function (by dynamic of position of the nearest point of clear vision). Conclusions: Application of visual trainings at physical education classes permits to improve indicators of visual analyzer’s performance as well as minimize negative influence of intensive learning loads on eye’ accommodative function.

We report the results of numerical analysis of radiation dynamics (laser absorption and X-ray generation) by using SND-LIRA code in a combined box used in the X-ray opacity measurements on the 'Iskra-5' facility (laser radiation wavelength, lambda = 0.66 mu m; laser pulse duration, tau(0.5) approximate to 0.6 ns; and energy, 900 J). Combined boxes used in these experiments comprised three sections: two illuminators delivering laser radiation and a central diagnostic section with a test sample. We have proposed a scheme for step-by-step calculation of the heating dynamics of the sample under study in a three-section hohlraum. Two designs of a combined box, which differ in the ways the laser radiation is injected, are discussed. It is shown that the axial injection of the beams results in intense secondary laser irradiation of the illuminator edge which leads to its partial disruption and penetration of laser radiation into the central diagnostic section. In this case the sample under study is exposed to additional uncontrolled action of scattered laser radiation. Such an undesirable action may be avoided by using the lateral injection of the beams through four holes on the lateral side of the illuminators. For the latter case we have calculated the heating dynamics for the sample and found an optimal time delay for an X-ray probe pulse.

Розглянуто проблему адаптації організму студентів до навчальних навантажень на основі аналізу динаміки показників серцево-судинної і кардіореспіраторної систем у процесі занять фізичними вправами. Показано необхідність удосконалення педагогічного контролю функціонального стану. Доведено певні переваги універсального кардіореспіраторного показника при експрес-діагностиці функціональних станів на заняттях з фізичного виховання студентів. Виявлено атипові (донозологічні) стани кардіореспіраторної системи студентів 17–18 років при малих та помірних фізичних навантаженнях, які необхідно враховувати та корегувати в процесі занять. Запропоновано схему самоконтролю студентів за станом кардіореспіраторної системи при заняттях фізичними вправами

The dynamics of laser and X-ray radiation fields in experiments with cylindrical converter boxes (illuminators), which had earlier been carried out on the Iskra-5 laser facility (the second harmonic of iodine laser radiation, lambda = 0.66 mu m) was investigated in a sector approximation using the SND-LIRA numerical technique. In these experiments, the X-ray radiation temperature in the box was determined by measuring the velocity of the shock wave generated in the sample under investigation, which was located at the end of the cylindrical illuminator. Through simulations were made using the SND-LIRA code, which took into account the absorption of laser driver radiation at the box walls, the production of quasithermal radiation, as well as the formation and propagation of the shock wave in the sample under investigation. An analysis of the experiments permits determining the electron thermal flux limiter f: for f = 0.03 it is possible to match the experimental scaling data for X-ray in-box radiation temperature to the data of our simulations. The shock velocities obtained from the simulations are also consistent with experimental data. In particular, in the experiment with six laser beams (and a laser energy E-L = 1380 J introduced into the box) the velocity of the shock front (determined from the position of a laser mark) after passage through a 50-mu m thick base aluminium layer was equal to 35 +/- 1.6 km s(-1), and in simulations to 36 km s(-1). In the experiment with four laser beams (for E-L = 850 J) the shock velocity (measured from the difference of transit times through the base aluminium layer and an additional thin aluminium platelet) was equal to 30 +/- 3.6 km s(-1), and in simulations to 30 km s(-1).

We set forth the data of experimental investigation of X-ray spectral absorption coefficients in the 1.1-1.6 keV photon energy range for Al and Ge specimens bulk heated by soft X-ray radiation. Two experimental techniques are described: with the use of one facility channel and the heating of specimens by the X-ray radiation from a plane burnthrough target, as well as with the use of four channels and the heating by the radiation from two cylindrical targets with internal input of laser radiation. The X-ray radiation absorption coefficients were studied by way of transmission absorption spectroscopy using backlighting X-ray radiation from a point source. The results of investigation of X-ray spectral absorption coefficients on the 1s-2p transitions in Al atoms and the 2p-3d transitions in Ge atoms are presented.

We studied the characteristics of cardiac remodeling in Wistar rats in the simulation of different variants of acute stress. The results showed an independent contribution of the parasympathetic nervous system in the development of structural changes in the myocardium. Changes of the extracellular matrix are more characteristic for the cholinergic stress , particularly an increase of extracellular spaces and to a greater extent in the right ventricle of the heart.

The article examines the influence of development the motor intellect on the values of mental sphere, in particular mental health in general (integral value) and its individual components (volume, intensity and quality). Mental capacity of orphaned children 6 – 7 years old is considered as an integral value of preparedness for school and a sort of « background » on which there is a realization of all the components of intellectual activity. Tested in the experiment offered means of developing motor intellect (by raising the level of coordination abilities).