Objective The Vivosonic Integrity auditory brainstem response (ABR) system, featuring the Kalman-weighted averaging algorithm, was designed for awake testing in infants and young children. Despite reducing noise and state dependency, previous research has indicated that testing conditions still significantly affect ABR thresholds. Compared with the click stimulus most commonly used in clinical ABR testing, chirp stimuli compensate for the temporal dispersion occurring in the cochlea and overcome the traveling wave delay caused by the special anatomical structure of the cochlea. They enable more nerve fibers to discharge synchronously, thereby generating a stronger evoked waveform, which in turn enhances the anti-interference capability of ABR testing. The present study aimed to explore the application of chirp stimuli in Kalman-weighted averaging ABR and to optimize solutions for obtaining objective hearing results in nonsedated states. Methods Twenty-four adults (48 ears) with normal hearing aged 18–34 were enrolled for ABR testing using the Vivosonic Integrity system in three states: lying, sitting, and writing, which simulate the states of young children most commonly encountered during nonsedated ABR testing. Chirp/narrowband-chirp (NB-chirp) ABR thresholds and acquisition durations were recorded and compared with previous results of click ABR (cABR)/tone-burst ABR (tbABR) with Kalman-weighted averaging. Results (1) The thresholds and acquisition time of the chirp/NB-chirp ABR increased significantly generally in the order: lying < sitting < writing. (2) Chirp/NB-chirp ABR showed less variance across states, closer responses to the hearing threshold, and shorter testing durations than cABR/tbABR. Conclusions Chirp/NB-chirp ABR with the Kalman-weighted averaging algorithm demonstrated better noise resistance and shorter testing time than cABR/tbABR. These stimuli together with Kalman-weighted averaging provide advantages for threshold measurement in awake subjects, but it still requires respective normal and correction values for each testing state.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the impact of a subject's testing state on auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds using a novel ABR system (Vivosonic IntegrityTM), which incorporates Kalman-weighted averaging and bluetooth electrical isolation to address the limitation of conventional ABR limitation to obtain a stable result under non-sedated conditions, especially for infants and children. Method: Twenty-four adults (18-34 years old, 48 ears) with normal hearing were enrolled for ABR testing under three different states (lying quietly in the supine position or sleeping-lying; watching silent videos quietly in a seated position-sitting; and writing in a seated position-writing), which simulate the behaviors of young children most often encountered during non-sedated Kalman-weighted ABR testing in clinical practice. The click ABR (cABR) and tone-burst ABR (tbABR) thresholds (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) of each subject and the time taken to reach the monaural threshold for each kind of stimulus were recorded. Results: (1) The cABR and tbABR thresholds were observed to increase in the following order: lying < sitting < writing. Significant threshold differences were found between any two states, except for between the sitting and lying states for the cABR and between sitting and writing for the 0.5 kHz tbABR. (2) The time required for cABR testing in the writing state was significantly longer than that in the lying and sitting states. The time required for 1 and 4 kHz tbABR testing in the lying state was significantly shorter than that in the sitting or writing state. For 2 KHz tbABR, only testing time under writing was significantly longer than that under lying. There were no significant differences in the time used for 0.5 kHz tbABR testing among different states. Conclusions: Different testing states have significant impacts on the thresholds of ABRs using Kalman-weighted averaging. A subject's state during ABR testing warrants consideration, and normal levels and correction values to estimate the hearing threshold from the ABR threshold should be determined for different testing states.

目的 在感音神经性听力损失(sensorineural hearing loss,SNHL)成年患者中通过回归方程,应用多频听觉稳态反应(auditory steady-state response,ASSR)和同侧切迹噪声(notched noise,NN)掩蔽短纯音诱发的听性脑干反应(NN-ABR)预测纯音听阈.方法 测试22例(30耳)SNHL成年患者的多频ASSR和NN-ABR反应阈,将其代入各自对纯音听阈的回归方程,将所得的预测听阈与实际纯音听阈进行比较.结果 本组SNHL成年患者0.5、1、2、4 kHz的多频ASSR预测听阈与实际纯音听阈之差为(-1.37±10.6)、(-0.47±9.8)、(1.98±6.6)、(-3.8±11.4)dB;相应频率NN-ABR预测听阈与实际纯音听阈之差为(-0.32±9.6)、(1.4±7.9)、(0.18±5.7)、(-0.8±6.0)dB.协方差分析显示测试方法对预测结果无显著影响(F=0.669,P=0.415).结论 使用多频ASSR和NN-ABR反应阈通过回归方程预测纯音听阈均有较高的准确性.

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. METHODS:Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. RESULTS:At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient's racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

目的 比较声导抗咽鼓管功能压力测试法和咽鼓管测压(tubomanometry,TMM)测试鼓膜穿孔患者咽鼓管功能的差异,为术前咽鼓管功能评估提供依据.方法 对28例(35耳)鼓膜紧张部穿孔患者(排除咽鼓管异常开放患者),采用声导抗咽鼓管功能压力测试法和不同鼻咽部压力(30 mbar、40 mbar、50 mbar)咽鼓管测压两种方法检测咽鼓管功能,比较两种方法的结果 .结果35耳中声导抗咽鼓管功能压力测试法的阳性率为20％(7/35),30 mbar鼻咽部压力下TMM测试的阳性率为51.43％(18/35),前者阳性率低于后者,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.003),两种检查的一致率为62.86％,Kappa=0.270;40 mbar鼻咽部压力下TMM测试的阳性率为40％(14/35),亦显著高于声导抗咽鼓管功能压力测试法(P=0.039),两者一致率为74.29％,Kappa=0.416;50 mbar鼻咽部压力下TMM测试的阳性率为20％(7/35),两种方法阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=1.000),一致率为88.57％,Kappa=0.643.鼻咽部压力越低,TMM的阳性率越高,30、40与50 mbar之间的差异均有统计学意义,30 mbar与40 mbar鼻咽部压力下的一致率为88.57％,Kappa=0.773;30 mbar与50 mbar鼻咽部压力下的一致率为68.57％,Kappa=0.382;40 mbar和50 mbar鼻咽部压力下的一致率为80％,Kappa=0.545.结论 与声导抗咽鼓管功能压力测试法相比,TMM测试对咽鼓管功能异常(阻塞或延迟开放)有更高敏感性,且鼻咽部压力越低,TMM的敏感性越高.

目的 探讨单侧耳聋患者的耳聋时间、发病年龄与声源定位及噪声下言语识别能力的相关性.方法30例重度至极重度单侧感音神经性聋患者根据病程分为短期耳聋组(病程<5年,14例,患者PTA 91.07±15.17 dB HL)和长期耳聋组(≥5年,16例,患者PTA 109.30±12.30 dB HL),根据发病年龄分为4～18岁组(10例)、19～45岁组(10例)、46～60岁组(8例)以及>60岁组(2例);对各组进行声源定位测试(包括定位正确率和偏差角度均方根值)及噪声下言语识别能力测试(包括言语识别率和言语识别信噪比阈值),比较不同病程及不同发病年龄的单侧耳聋患者的声源定位及噪声下言语识别能力的差异.结果短期单侧耳聋患者的声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均低于长期单侧耳聋患者,单侧耳聋患者的耳聋病程与其声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均呈显著正相关,而单侧耳聋患者的发病年龄与声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均呈负相关趋势.结论单侧耳聋患者随耳聋时间的延长,其声源定位能力和噪声下言语识别能力能够发生适应性改善,且发病年龄越小,这种听觉能力的改善越显著.

The auditory cortex has been shown to participate in visual processing in individuals with complete auditory deprivation. However, it remains unclear whether partial hearing deprivation like single-sided deafness (SSD) leads to similar cross-modal plasticity. To investigate this, we enrolled individuals with long-term SSD, into functional MRI scans under resting-state and a visuo-spatial working memory task. Contrary to previous findings in bilateral deafness, our study revealed decreased activation in the auditory cortex in both left (LSSD) and right (RSSD) single-sided deafness compared to normal hearing controls, with statistical significance in RSSD. The degree of involvement was correlated with residual hearing ability in RSSD. These observations suggest that SSD can lead to a downward cross-modal plasticity: the more hearing ability lost, the fewer brain resources in the auditory cortex can be applied to visual tasks. In addition, the fronto-parietal cortex was observed to be less activated during the visual task in RSSD while the resting-state fMRI revealed increased functional connectivity between the fronto-parietal cortex and the auditory cortex, suggesting fronto-parietal resources may be recruited less by vision but more by hearing. The LSSD showed a similar alteration trend with RSSD, but without statistical significance. Together these findings may indicate that when hearing is partially deprived in SSD, there may be redistribution for brain resources between hearing and vision, and vision tends to allocate less resources. Our findings in this pilot study of unilateral auditory-deprived individuals enrich the understanding of cross-modal plasticity in the brain.

随着人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implantation,CI)的广泛开展,内耳畸形(inner ear malformation, IEM)的分类越来越受到重视,近年来国内同道用高分辨率 CT (high-resolution computerized tomo-graphy,HRCT)和磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)作了深入广泛的研究,报告了大量病例[1～5],但限于临床所见病例和病种的原因,各有侧重,难以盖全.最近,读到 Springer 出版集团 2017年出版的日本学者 Kimitaka Kaga 编著的《Cochle-ar Implantation in Children with Inner Ear Malfor-mation and Cochlear Nerve Difiniciency》[6],该书对内耳畸形分类作了详细系统介绍,很有参考价值,介绍如下.

Objective Thresholds for auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to tone burst and tone burst in notched noises of two different intensities were tested in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.The relationship between ABR and puretone thresholds was analyzed to identify an acoustic stimuli with better frequency-specificity.Methods Thirty-eight adults with sensorineural hearing loss (totally 45 ears) were included in the study.Tone burst used to elicit ABRs had 2.5 cycles on the rise and fall and no plateau.Notched noises of two different intensities were used to mask tone burst ipsilaterally when recording ABRs.Those two kinds of notched noises were 25 dB (intensity A) and 15 dB (intensity B) lower than tone burst in intensity respectively.Tone burst ABRs without masking were named tb-ABR,while tone burst ABRs in notched noises of intensity A and B named as amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR.Thresholds for tb ABR,amtb ABR and bmtb-ABR were tested and analyzed.Results The regression coefficients between puretone thresholds and thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR of all frequencies were greater than 0.8.The mean differences between ABR and puretone thresholds were all less than 10 dB.Tb-ABR thresholds the were the closest to puretone thresholds at 500 Hz,while bmtb ABR thresholds were the closest at the other three frequencies.Bmtb-ABR thresholds were more close to puretone thresholds in patients with steeply sloping hearing loss.Conclusion Thresholds for all those three ABRs could be used to predict puretone thresholds.In most condition,tb-ABR thresholds were able to estimate puretone thresholds.In some condition,different stimuli could be chosen to elicit ABR at different frequencies.It was reasonable to choose bmtb -ABR for puretone thresholds estimation in patients with steeply sloping hearing loss.

Objective: People with presbycusis (PC) often report difficulties in speech recognition, especially under noisy listening conditions. Investigating the PC-related changes in central representations of envelope signals and temporal fine structure (TFS) signals of speech sounds is critical for understanding the mechanism underlying the PC-related deficit in speech recognition. Frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech stimulation can be used to examine the subcortical encoding of both envelope and TFS speech signals. This study compared FFRs to speech signals between listeners with PC and those with clinically normal hearing (NH) under either quiet or noise-masking conditions. Methods: FFRs to a 170-ms speech syllable /da/ were recorded under either a quiet or noise-masking (with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 8 dB) condition in 14 older adults with PC and 13 age-matched adults with NH. The envelope (FFRENV) and TFS (FFRTFS) components of FFRs were analyzed separately by adding and subtracting the alternative polarity responses, respectively. Speech recognition in noise was evaluated in each participant. Results: In the quiet condition, compared with the NH group, the PC group exhibited smaller F0 and H3 amplitudes and decreased stimulus-response (S-R) correlation for FFRENV but not for FFRTFS. Both the H2 and H3 amplitudes and the S-R correlation of FFRENV significantly decreased in the noise condition compared with the quiet condition in the NH group but not in the PC group. Moreover, the degree of hearing loss was correlated with noise-induced changes in FFRTFS morphology. Furthermore, the speech-in-noise (SIN) threshold was negatively correlated with the noise-induced change in H2 (for FFRENV) and the S-R correlation for FFRENV in the quiet condition. Conclusion: Audibility affects the subcortical encoding of both envelope and TFS in PC patients. The impaired ability to adjust the balance between the envelope and TFS in the noise condition may be part of the mechanism underlying PC-related deficits in speech recognition in noise. FFRs can predict SIN perception performance.

京津冀地区儿童听力诊断中心2018年第二季度学术活动,于6月23日在北京协和医院举行.来自北京协和医院、中国人民解放军总医院、北京大学第三医院、北京同仁医院、北京儿童医院、中国聋儿康复中心等北京市六家儿童听力诊断中心,以及来自天津、河北等多家诊断中心和多家妇幼保健机构的70余名同道参加了本次会议.会议的主题为"单侧耳聋的基础研究及临床干预进展".此次讨论会共有9位讲者围绕会议主题,分别就单侧耳聋从基础实验研究及临床干预工作进行汇报发言.

在北京市0-6岁儿童听力保健专家组的指导下,由北京协和医院具体承办了京津冀地区儿童听力诊断中心2016年度第四季度的学术活动. 会议由北京协和医院耳鼻咽喉科儿童听力诊断中心商莹莹教授主持.本次活动的主题是:听力损失患者的中枢改变.参加本次学术会议的代表来自多家单位,不仅包括北京市卫计委、北京市妇幼保健院的相关领导,北京市六家儿童听力中心:北京儿童医院、北京大学第三医院、中国聋儿康复中心、北京同仁医院、中国人民解放军总医院、北京协和医院,还包括北京、天津、廊坊妇幼保健院等妇幼保健系统的很多同道,以及北大医院等多家医院的临床工作者.本活动受到京津冀地区听力学界、妇幼保健系统工作人员的广泛关注.

Objective To compare the results of TEOAE and DPOAE in the same population of normal newborns, to provide information on choosing appropriate screening tools.Methods A two-steps protocol was taken with the first screening during the first 48 to 72 hours of birth and rescreened from one to two months old if the newborns failed the first screening.For each step of screening, TEOAE and DPOAE were performed simultaneously using AccuScreen hearing screening instrument (Madsen-GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark).A total of 1 062 normal newborns (F/M=508/554) delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this research for the first screening.Infants who failed either TEOAE or DPOAE screening in the first screening were referred to a second screening.Among them, 135 performed both DPOAE and TEOAE in the second step.The newborns who failed the second screening would receive ABR when they were 3 months old.Results In the first screening,the failure rate for TEOAE was 11.0% (117/1 062) and 13.7% (145/1 062) for DPOAE.In the second screening step, the failure rates were 17.8% (24/135) and 20.7% (28/135) for TEOAE and DPOAE, respectively.Chi-square and Fisher's test showed that the failure rates of DPOAE were significant higher than TEOAE for both steps (P<0.001).The agreements between TEOAE and DPOAE were 96.0% and 95.6% for the first and second steps respectively, and the kappa values were 0.817 and 0.857.As to the average time taken to accomplish the screening for one ear, TEOAE was 24±25 s and DPOAE was 40±34 s during the first screening;in the rescreening, TEOAE was 52±41 s and DPOAE was 73±62 s.Paired-t tests showed that the differences between DPOAE and TEOAE testing time were statistically significant (P=0.000) in both screening steps.Finally, 7 newborns (10 ears) were diagnosed conductive hearing loss(except 1 ear was sensorineural hearing loss).Conclusion As a screening tool, TEOAE got lower refer rates and took less time than DPOAE implicating TEOAE a better screening tool for normal neonates.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid intervention on olfactory dysfunction in mice with allergic rhinitis (AR). An AR animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection and intranasal application of ovalbumin to mice. The olfactory function of the mice was evaluated using a buried food test, and morphological changes in the nasal mucosa were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the olfactory mucosa was tested by immunohistochemistry, and was observed on days 7 and 14 after the application of glucocorticoid. The incidence rate of olfactory dysfunction in AR mice was 75.34%, and the olfactory epithelium became thinner in mice with AR compared to the control group. In addition, the expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium was downregulated in mice with AR compared with the control group. Expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium was upregulated in the budesonide group A and betamethasone group A compared with the medicine-free group, whereas the expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium of budesonide group A or betamethasone group A was not significantly different from the control group. Moreover, the expression of OMP in the budesonide group B was similar to budesonide group A, and expression of OMP in betamethasone group B was similar to betamethasone group A. The expression of OMP in olfactory mucosa is downregulated in AR mice with olfactory dysfunction. Following the application of glucocorticoid, the expression of OMP in the olfactory mucosa in mice is upregulated. Moreover, intranasal local glucocorticoid has a low incidence of systemic adverse reactions, and is recommended for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in AR.

世界卫生组织(WHO) 2013年3月公布全球有3.6亿人有听力残疾, 占全球人口的5.3%, 91%是成人, 另9%是儿童[1];65岁以上的老人约1/3有听力残疾[2]。80%听力减退者生活在中等和低收入国家。全球有11亿年轻人面临由不安全用耳习惯导致的听力损失风险。2005—2006年我国学者用WHO的调查方案在我国江苏、四川、贵州和吉林进行了规范的调查, 推算我国听力减退患病率为11.7%

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the test performance of wideband absorbance (WBA)to assess the infants with middle ear dysfunctions .Methods Fifty normal ears and 20 impaired middle ears of infants aged 3 to 9 months were included .The middle ear function was examined according to the results of high frequency(1 000 Hz) tympanometry(HFT) ,distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) and auditory brain‐stem response(ABR) tests .Wideband acoustic immittance was performed and their characteristics at different mid‐dle ear status were assessed .Results The results revealed that wideband absorbance of normal ears were higher than dysfunction middle ear at all test frequencies except 8 000 Hz .The difference of WBA between normal and dys‐functional middle ear was the largest at the frequency of 2 000 Hz .The differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) at frequencies 226~6 727 Hz when the external ear canal was at tympanometric peak pressure .The differ‐ences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) at frequencies 500~6 727 Hz when the external ear canal was at the pressure of 0 daPa .Conclusion There were significant wideband absorbance differences between normal infants and those with middle ear dysfunctions .The results suggest that wideband absorbance may be a useful diagnostic tool in the assessment of middle ear disorder for infants .

To cross-culturally adapt the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD) into a Chinese version, and then evaluate its reliability and validity for testing patients with olfactory dysfunction. A Chinese version of the QOD was evaluated for test–retest reliability, split-half reliability, and internal consistency. The validity analysis included components of content validity and criterion-related validity, as well as comparisons between The Medical Outcomes Study’s36-Item ShortForm Health Survey(SF-36)questionnaire and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)questionnaire. A total of 125 patients with olfactory dysfunction were tested, and 104 patients completed three different surveys (QOD, SF-36, and WHOQOL-BREF). The test–retest reliabilities of the QOD-Parosmia statements (QOD-P), QOD-Quality of life (QOD-QoL), and QOD-Visual simulation (QOD-VAS)sections were 0.802 (P < 0.001), 0.797 (P < 0.001), and 0.468 (P < 0.001), respectively, and the Cronbach’s α coefficients of internal consistency were 0.473, 0.814, and 0.882, respectively. The split-half reliability was 0.70. No correlation was found between the QOD-P section and the SF-36; however, there were statistically significant correlations between the QOD-QoL andQOD-VAS sections and the SF-36. The same results were observed for correlations between the QOD and WHOQOL-BREF. The Chinese version of the QOD was proven to be a generally reliable and valid questionnaire for use in evaluating mainland Chinese patients suspected of having olfactory dysfunction. However, the QOD-P section requires further modifications to properly evaluate patients with a Chinese cultural background and type of cognition.

OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the efficacy of a sequential hearing screening protocol using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) tests in healthy newborns. DESIGN:A TEOAE screening was performed during the first 48-72 h of life. If the infants failed, an AABR test was performed at the same time, and they were referred for a TEOAE rescreening at six weeks old. The results of screening Protocol 1 (only TEOAE) were compared with those of screening Protocol 2 (sequential TEOAE + AABR screenings for the first screening and TEOAE for the rescreening). STUDY SAMPLE:A total of 1062 healthy newborns were enrolled in this research. RESULTS:For Protocol 1, the first screening and rescreening referral rates were 11.1% and 2.2%, respectively. In contrast, for Protocol 2, the referral rates were significant lower at 3.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Using the two protocols, six infants were diagnosed with hearing loss (0.57%). CONCLUSIONS:Adding simultaneous AABR tests for infants who fail TEOAE testing at the first screening stage can significantly reduce referral rates without increasing misdiagnosis rates. Although this sequential screening process involves slightly more time and has a higher cost than TEOAE alone, its greater accuracy compensates for this difference.

Objective:To cross-culturally translate the questionnaire of olfactory disorders(QOD)into a simplified Chinese version, and evaluate its reliability and validity in clinical.Method:A simplified Chinese version of the QOD was evaluated in test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and internal consistency.Then it was evaluated in validity test including content validity, criterion-related validity, responsibility. Criterion-related validity was using the medical outcome study's 36-item short rorm health survey(SF-36) and the World Health Organization quality of life-brief (WHOQOL-BREF) for comparison. Result: A total of 239 patients with olfactory dysfunction were enrolled and tested, in which 195 patients completed all three surveys(QOD, SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF). The test-retest reliabilities of the QOD-parosmia statements(QOD-P), QOD-quality of life(QOD-QoL), and the QOD-visual simulation(QOD-VAS)sections were 0.799(P<0.01),0.781(P<0.01),0.488(P<0.01), respectively, and the Cronbach' s α coefficients reliability were 0.477,0.812,0.889,respectively.The split-half reliability of QOD-QoL was 0.89. There was no correlation between the QOD-P section and the SF-36, but there were statistically significant correlations between the QOD-QoL and QOD-VAS sections with the SF-36. There was no correlation between the QOD-P section and the WHOQOL-BREF, but there were statistically significant correlations between the QOD-QoL and QOD-VAS sections with the SF-36 in most sections.Conclusion:The simplified Chinese version of the QOD was testified to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for evaluating patients with olfactory dysfunction living in mainland of China.The QOD-P section needs further modifications to properly adapt patients with Chinese cultural and knowledge background.

目的 探讨正常新生儿中耳宽频声导抗(wideband acoustic immittance,WAI)能量吸收率及其相关的影响因素,评价宽频声导抗测试的可重复性.方法 选取通过瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)听力初筛的正常新生儿124例(193耳),在其出生48～72小时进行WAI测试,分析不同频率能量吸收率的变化规律、两次测试的重复性及外耳道处于不同压力、性别、侧别、分娩方式对WAI能量吸收率的影响.结果 正常新生儿宽频声导抗能量吸收率随频率增大呈"两峰两谷"形态,即在低频及3 363 Hz附近较低、在1 296 Hz附近及高频较高;两次测试的重复性显示外耳道处于峰压时,1 000 Hz和2 000 Hz两次测试差值的绝对值较外耳道压力处于0 daPa时小,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而其余各频率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).外耳道压力处于0 daPa时与峰压时相比,除1 000、6 727 Hz外,其余各频率WAI能量吸收率的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同性别、侧别、分娩方式的新生儿WAI能量吸收率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 正常新生儿外耳道处于峰压时,两次WAI测试的重复性较好;外耳道处于不同压力对大部分频率WAI能量吸收率有一定影响;性别、侧别、分娩方式对WAI能量吸收率无明显影响.