The oxidative desulfurization of material containing oil sludge using hydrogen peroxide and transition metal compounds followed by subjecting the products of the oxidation of sulfur compounds to thermal treatment has enabled an 83% degree of desulfurization to be achieved.

Sonocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of oil from the Zhanazhol oilfield was investigated. Application of stepwise periodic treatment in an ultrasound field in the presence of a Ni-skeletal catalyst and oxidizer was shown to be an effective procedure for improving the quality of oil and oil-based products, which allowed targeted change of its chemical composition, increasing the yield of light products (gasoline and diesel fractions from 15.6 to 21.9 and from 47.7 to 58.6 wt %, respectively) and decreasing the sulfur content in oil products to 49%.

Disubstituted pyridines, such as derivatives of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, have ben synthesized and their peroxo complexes with tungsten and vanadyl ion have been prepared in situ. The activity of the complexes during the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds of various diesel fractions has been shown.

The behavior of Pt-containing catalysts based on mesoporous amorphous aluminosilicate in the process of hydroconversion of C 19 –C 38 n -paraffins with the goal to produce diesel and kerosene fractions with improved cold flow properties was investigated. These systems were characterized by high efficiency and selectivity in the process of producing diesel and kerosene fractions. A 91% degree of conversion was achieved with a yield of liquid hydrocarbons of 76% (320°C, volume feed rate 0.5 h –1 , molar ratio hydrogen: feed = 600: 1, pressure 50 atm). The initial freezing point of the isolated kerosene fraction was below minus 50°C, and the cold filter plugging point of the diesel fraction was minus 34°C.

Oxidative desulfurization of a model mixture on the basis of vacuum gas oil and diesel fuel by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of formic acid has been studied. A technology of a two-phase system with a phase-transfer catalyst has been employed for the desulfurization. The optimum reaction time is 6 h and the hydrogen peroxide: sulfur molar ratio is 4: 1. As a result of successive triple oxidative desulfurization, 90% of total sulfur is removed from the model mixture.

The oxidative desulfurization of shale oil obtained by thermal extraction of organic matter from shale rock using an oxidative catalytic system composed of hydrogen peroxide, a molybdenum salt, and acids of different natures has been studied. It has been shown that the application of this method in combination with extraction of the oxidation products of organic sulfur compounds makes it possible to remove up to 94% of total sulfur from the synthetic oil.

The catalytic cracking of heavy oil fractions with wave-induced feedstock preactivation over the catalysts containing passivators of heavy metals provides the same process performance characteristics as over the catalysts, which have not been poisoned with metals.

Исследовано влияние олефинов на окислительное обессеривание модельных смесей и бензина каталитического крекинга. На модельных смесях и широкой фракции бензина каталитического крекинга установлено, что наличие олефинов в топливе тормозит процесс окислительного обессеривания вследствие протекания побочных реакций окисления непредельных соединений. Показано, что для окислительного обессеривания в данных условиях предпочтительнее использовать нейтральные катализаторы на основе солей переходных металлов по сравнению с катализаторами, имеющими кислую природу.

The influence of olefins on the oxidative desulfurization of model mixtures and catalytically cracked gasoline has been studied. It has been established using model mixtures and a wide-cut fraction of catalytically cracked gasoline that the presence of olefins in fuel suppresses the oxidative desulfurization process as a result of occurrence of side oxidation reactions of unsaturated compounds. It has been shown that under the given conditions, it is preferable to use neutral catalysts based on transition metal salts for the oxidative desulfurization, rather than catalysts of acidic nature.

Исследовано окислительное обессеривание негидроочищенной прямогонной дизельной фракции, содержащей бензотиофен, дибензотиофен, их алкилзамещенные и тиаксантен, с пределом выкипания 178–342°C действием пероксида водорода в присутствии соединений переходных металлов Na2MoO4, Na2WO4, NaVO3, WO3, вольфрамовой кислоты и гетерополивольфрамомолибдата H3PMo6W6O40 в двухфазной системе с последующей экстракцией продуктов окисления диметилформамидом (ДМФА). Oкисление углеводородной фракции в присутствии гетерополивольфрамомолибдата (ГПВМ) в двухфазных условиях обеспечивает удаление до 82% общей серы.

Исследовано окислительное обессеривание пероксидом водорода смесей, моделирующих дизельное топливо, в присутствии азакраун-эфиров и их комплексов с пентахлоридом ниобия при 40–80°C. Установлено, что комплексы азакраун-эфиров с NbCl5 позволяют снизить содержание общей серы в модельных смесях до 13% от исходного количества. Строение применяемого азакраун-эфира незначительно влияет на степень обессеривания модельной смеси.

The oxidative desulfurization of a straight-run, nonhydrotreated diesel fraction (boiling range 178–342°C) containing benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, their alkyl-substituted derivatives, and thioxanthene by the action of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of transition metal compounds (Na2MoO4, Na2WO4, NaVO3, WO3, tungstic acid, and heteropoly tungstate/molybdate H3PMo6W6O40) in a biphasic system followed by the extraction of the oxidation products with dimethylformamide has been studied. The oxidation of the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of heteropoly tungstate/molybdate under biphasic conditions provides for the removal of up to 82% of total sulfur.

Several ionic liquids containing a chiral center either in the cation or in the anion have been prepared. They have been applied as catalysts and solvents for stereoselective oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to obtain the respective sulfoxide.

Hydrogen peroxide oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel mixtures in the presence of azacrown ethers and their complexes with niobium pentachloride at 40–80°C has been studied. It has been found that the use of complexes of azacrown ethers with NbCl5 leads to a decrease in the total sulfur content in the model mixtures to 13% of the initial amount. The structure of the azacrown ether used has little effect on the extent of desulfurization of the model mixture.