A new glucan, namely, piptoporane I, with a molecular mass of 270 kDa was isolated from fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinis (Bull.:Fr.) Karst. (Fomitopsidacaeae). Using a combination of physicochemical methods, it was established that piptoporane I was a branched glucan with a backbone consisting of α-(1 → 3)-glucopyranose residues substituted at the C-6 position by single residues of β-D-glucopyranose by 17.3%. A polysaccharide with such a structure was isolated for the first time from the fungus genus Piptoporus.

Six pigment fractions (total yield 52.13% of raw material mass) were isolated by fractionation of polymeric components of melanin from Inonotus obliquus (Pers.) Pil. sclerotia. The isolated fractions differed in degree of aromaticity, molecular-weight distribution, and content of functional groups according to elemental analysis; UV, IR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy; and gel chromatography. The dominant components were highly aromatic polymers of molecular weight 2–20 kDa with a high content of carboxylic and phenolic hydroxyls. It was found that fractions with a high degree of aromaticity and content of pyrocatechol groups exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity.

Из мицелия базидиального вида Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr получен меланиновый комплекс (выход 2.49% от массы сырья). С применением УФ-, ИК-спектроскопии, гель-хроматографии и щелочного расщепления установлено, что выделенный меланин был гетерогенен и относился к дигидронафталиновому типу. Данные 13-ЯМР указывали на доминирование ароматических фрагментов в структуре меланина. В ходе исследования антиоксидантного действия методами in vitro установлено, что меланин L. sulphureus обладал антирадикальной активностью, а также обладал способностью к инактивации молекул пероксида водорода, оксида азота(II) и хелатированию ионов железа(II).

Antioxidant activity of fruit bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. (Polyporales) obtained by the natural plantation growing method in Pribaikal'e (Irkutsk region) has been studied. It was determined that the ethyl acetate fraction of L. sulphureus, which was chromatographically separated into seven compounds identified as quercetin, kaempferol, (+)-catechin, p-coumaric, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids was characterized with more expressed antioxidant activity. All compounds were extracted from this basidiomycete species for the first time. The quantitative amount of the substances isolated from L. sulphureus was determined by HPLC. It was found that antioxidant activity of preparations obtained from L. sulphureus is conditioned by phenolic compounds.

Melanin complex was isolated from mycelium of the basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr (with a yield of 2.49% of the dry weight). UV and IR spectroscopies, gel chromatography, and alkaline cleavage assay demonstrated that the isolated melanin was heterogeneous and belonged to the dihydronaphthalene type. 13C-NMR data suggested that aromatic fragments were dominant in the melanin structure. In vitro study of the antioxidant action demonstrated that the L. sulphureus melanin displayed a radical-scavenging activity and the ability to inactivate hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen(II) oxide molecules and to chelate iron(II) ions.

Из плодовых тел Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murr выделены щелочерастворимые полисахариды с выходом 42.7%. Установлено строение доминирующего полимера (16.05% от массы плодовых тел), названного нами латиглюкан I, представляющего собой линейный -1,3-глюкан (молекулярная масса 1.8 ? 105 Да, [ ]D-17°).

Alkali-soluble polysaccharides have been extracted from Laetiporus Sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr fruit bodies with a yield of 42.7%. The structure of the dominant polymer (16.05% of fruit bodies’ mass), named latiglucan I, has been determined. It is linear β-1,3-glucan (molecular weight 1.8 × 10 5 Da, [α] D -17°).

Endopolysaccharides represented by glucans, galactans, and glycoproteins were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the sulfur shelf (Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murr.), which were obtained by the naturalplantation method. The study of the major 56-kDa polysaccharide, laetiporan A, the content of which accounted for 0.28% of the fruiting body weight, showed that it is a β-1,3-glucan containing mannose, galactose, fucose, xylose, and rhamnose residues at position C-6. An antioxidant effect of laetiporan A was discovered.

Из плодовых тел трутовика серно-желтого (Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murr.), полученных с применением метода природных плантаций, выделены водорастворимые эндополисахариды, в составе которых обнаружены глюканы, галактаны и гликопротеины. При исследовании доминирующего полисахарида – латипорана А (0.28% от массы плодового тела, молекулярная масса 56 кДа) установлено, что он представляет собой -1,3-глюкан, содержащий в положении С-6 остатки маннозы, галактозы, фукозы, ксилозы и рамнозы. Установлено антиоксидантное действие латипорана А.