The present study assessed the effects of oligosaccharide-chelated organic trace minerals (OTM) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, slaughter performance, and meat quality indexes of mutton sheep. A total of 60 East Ujumuqin × small-tailed Han crossbred mutton sheep were assigned to two groups (10 duplicates per group) by body weight (26.12 ± 3.22 kg) according to a completely randomized design. Compared to the CON group, the results of the OTM group showed: (1) no significant changes in the initial body weight, final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05); (2) the activities of trypsin, lipase, and amylase in the jejunum were significantly increased (p < 0.05); (3) serum total protein, albumin, and globulin of the blood were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the growth factor interleukin IL-10 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while IL-2, IL-6, and γ-interferon were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulins A, M, and G were significantly higher (p < 0.05); (4) the live weight before slaughter, carcass weights, dressing percentage, eye muscle areas, and GR values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05); (5) shear force of mutton was significantly lower (p < 0.05), while the pH45min, pH24h, drip loss, and cooking loss did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The content of crude protein was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while the ether extract content was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was detected between moisture and ash content; (6) the total amino acids, essential amino acids, semi-essential amino acids, and umami amino acids were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Although umami amino acids were not significant, the total volume increased (p > 0.05). Among these, the essential amino acids, threonine, valine, leucine, lysine in essential amino acids and arginine were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Also, non-essential amino acids, glycine, serine, proline, tyrosine, cysteine, and aspartic acid, were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The content of alanine, aspartate, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in umami amino acids was significantly higher (p < 0.05).

The experiment aimed to assess the effects of sucrose-chelated trace elements as substitutes for inorganic trace elements on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle trace element deposition in growing-finishing pigs. Eighty-four castrated boars (70±3) kg were randomly divided into two treatment groups, each treatment with six replicates, and each replicate consisting of seven pigs. The control group (IE group) was fed a diet supplemented with 1% inorganic trace elements, and the experimental group (SE group) was fed a diet supplemented with 1% sucrose-chelated trace elements. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed that compared to IE group, the average daily gain, final weight, carcass weight, and backfat thickness of growing-finishing pigs in SE group increased (P<0.05), the drip loss and refrigeration loss of the longissimus dorsi muscle decreased (P<0.05), and the thawing loss showed a trend of reduction (P>0.05). The redness (a*) value of the longissimus dorsi muscle of SE group increased after 45 minutes and one day of storage (P<0.05). The T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px activities of the longissimus dorsi muscle of SE group were enhanced (P<0.05), and the MDA content decreased (P<0.05). Compared to IE group, the Cu and Se content in the longissimus dorsi muscle in SE group increased (P<0.05), and the Fe and Mn content in the hind leg muscle increased (P<0.05).The study indicates that using sucrose-chelated trace elements in the diet as substitutes for inorganic trace elements can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle antioxidant status of growing-finishing pigs, and promote the deposition of trace elements in muscles.

为比较玉米不同品种和不同器官微量元素含量,本研究选取山东省广泛种植的玉米品种32个,从淀粉性质上包含粉质玉米10个,胶质玉米22个;从籽实外型上包括马齿型9个,半马齿15个,硬粒8个;从成熟时期包含早熟6个,中熟7个和晚熟19个;从用途上包含普通玉米24个,饲用玉米4个和糯玉米4个.完熟期收割,测定不同品种和不同器官微量元素含量.结果表明:按照四种分类方法,不同品种间玉米全株和秸秆中风干基础上Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Se含量没有表现出统计学上的差别(P>0.05).而只考虑玉米籽实部分,不同品种间Cu、Fe、Zn、Co含量差异显著(P<0.05),粉质玉米籽实中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co的含量较胶质玉米分别提高10.1％、15.1％、6.6％、11.6％、31.1％(P<0.05);硬粒中Cu、Mn、Zn的含量较半马齿分别提高15.6％、9.5％、10.8％(P<0.05);早熟品种中Fe、Mn、Zn、Co的含量较中熟品种提高16.7％、7.8％、11.0％、24.8％(P<0.05);糯玉米中Cu含量较普通玉米提高14.9％,Fe、Co含量较饲用玉米分别提高23.9％、40.3％,普通玉米的Se含量高达饲用玉米的2倍(P<0.05).Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Se每亩产量在不同玉米品种苞叶、叶片、叶鞘和茎秆四个不同器官中有显著差异(P<0.05),粉质玉米籽实中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co产量较胶质玉米分别提高7.4％、13.1％、4.5％、9.7％、29.8％(P<0.05);半马齿叶片中微量元素含量较马齿提高11.4％,硬粒叶鞘中微量元素含量较马齿提高8.7％(P<0.05);早熟品种Fe、Mn、Zn、Co含量较晚熟品种分别提高27.3％、16.7％、19.3％、17.9％(P<0.05);普通玉米Fe、Co、Se含量较糯玉米分别提高17.0％、18.9％、92.8％(P<0.05).以籽实中必需微量元素含量为100％,与籽实中微量元素含量相比较,Cu在玉米非籽实部分中含量为籽实的4.9倍,Fe为14.5倍,Mn为8.1倍,Zn为1.3倍,Co为16.6倍,Se为1.6倍.由此说明,玉米不同品种间微量元素含量相差较大,且大部分集中于玉米植株非籽实部分.

This study investigated the effects of inorganic trace elements (IEs) and sucrose chelated trace elements (SEs) on the growth performance, nutrients and energy utilization, antioxidant capacity, and mineral deposition in broiler chickens, and the efficiency of IEs replaced by SEs at different levels was also evaluated. A total of 448,21-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens with similar body weights were randomly assigned into 6 dietary treatments (8 cages/treatments) in a complete randomized design. Treatments were a basal diet including 2.0 g/kg of IE (IE-2.0) premix, and SE-2.0, SE-1.5, SE-1.0, SE-0.5, and SE-0 were basal diets in which IEs were replaced by SE premix at 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 g/kg, respectively. In general, there was a linear and quadratic decrease in growth performance including average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), apparent and true availability of nutrients (DM, OM, and CP), GE, trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, I, and Se), essential AA (Lys, Met, Arg, His, Phe, Thr, and Val), non-essential AA (Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, and Cys), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in the liver, and an increase in feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), with decreasing SE levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, using half of the sucrose chelated trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) instead of inorganic trace elements did not affect the growth performance, nutrients and energy utilization, antioxidant capacity, and liver trace element deposition in broiler chickens.

酵母类饲料添加剂具有改善瘤胃菌群平衡、增强免疫功能和抗氧化性能、缓解热应激等多种生物学作用,是奶牛养殖中理想的替抗产品.本文综述了酵母类饲料添加剂种类、生物学作用及其在奶牛营养上的研究进展,为在奶牛养殖中合理利用酵母类饲料添加剂提供实践和理论基础.

为研究提高饲粮精氨酸和异亮氨酸水平对商品肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和经济效益的影响,试验选用1日龄健康罗斯308肉仔鸡720只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加金霉素、2%精氨酸+2%异亮氨酸及5%精氨酸+5%异亮氨酸.结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮添加精氨酸和异亮氨酸可显著降低22～42日龄和1～42日龄料重比(P＜0.05),显著提高欧洲指数(P＜0.05),显著降低21日龄腹脂率(P＜0.05),可提高0.11～0.12元/只的经济效益.由此可见,饲粮添加2%和5%的精氨酸和异亮氨酸可提高肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和经济效益.

Wenshang Luhua chicken is one of the excellent poultry breeds in China,for the high quality and added value of meat and eggs.However,it's production performance potential is not sufficiently de-veloped,because of the lack of breeding standards.To establish nutrient requirements standards,the en-ergy and protein requirements were studied using factorial methods,through feeding experiments,metabolic experiments,and slaughter experiments,with five different levels of crude protein and five different levels of metabolic energy,in different growth stages(0-6 weeks,7-14 weeks,and 15-20 weeks),10 energy requirements models and 10 protein requirements factorial models were established and corrected with a total of 32 commercial chicken farms in the surrounding production area of Wenshang Luhua chicken.The essential amino acids requirements in different growth stages were determined,through production verification tests on 300 000 chickens,with the same ideal protein mode.Nutrients requirement parameter tables were de-veloped for different genders and production purposes.

This study was conducted to investigate the alleviative effects of trans -anethole (TA) on intestinal oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of intestinal antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) infected broilers. A total of 192 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into three treatment groups: (1) control (CON); (2) subclinical NE challenge (NE); (3) NE challenge + 600 mg/kg TA (NE+TA600). Subclinical NE was induced by oral administration of live coccidiosis vaccine containing 2 × 10 4 oocysts at 10 days of age and 2 ml of Clostridium perfringens type A solution (3 × 10 8 CFU/ml) daily from days 14 to 19. The results showed that NE infection led to a severe decline ( p < 0.05) in the final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but an increase ( p < 0.05) in feed/gain (F/G) of broilers at day 10–21 and day 1–21 compared with the control group. TA administration improved ( p < 0.05) the growth performance of NE birds. The intestinal villus height (VH) and villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) were reduced ( p < 0.05) by NE challenge as compared with those of the control group, which was elevated by TA administration. Subclinical NE infection decreased ( p < 0.05) serum activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and jejunal and ileal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and T-SOD activity as well as T-AOC in the jejunum, while TA interventions positively elevated that ( p < 0.05). Administration of TA protected the intestine against oxidative stress through up-regulation of intestinal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway as compared with the NE group ( p < 0.05). In addition, dietary inclusion of TA elevated ( p < 0.05) mRNA abundance of c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), jejunal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the jejunum and ileum of birds after subclinical NE challenge. In conclusion, 600 mg/kg of TA may be a promising tool to prevent and control subclinical NE by increasing intestinal antioxidant status in broilers.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of trans-anethole (TA) on intestinal antioxidant status, immune function and liver lipid metabolism in broilers. A total of 256 1-day-old Arbour Acres broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups with 8 birds per replicate. TA was added to diets at a concentration of 0 (control), 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg for 42 days. Dietary supplementation of TA increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of birds throughout the entire period. TA supplemented at 400 mg/kg of diet contributed to the lowest jejunal and ileal malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration on d 42, and the highest ileal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity on d 21 and d 42. TA supplementation at the concentration of 400 and 600 mg/kg of diet increased mRNA expression of ileal interleukin (IL)-4 on d 21, and intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration on d 42. Supplementation of TA at the concentration up to 800 mg/kg of diet had adverse effects on intestinal antioxidant status, immune function and liver lipid metabolism compared with control group. Differently, TA supplemented at 400 mg/kg led to lower mRNA expression of liver ACC1, FASN, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1), and higher CPT1 on d 42. In conclusion, TA inclusion improved intestinal antioxidant status and immune function, and enhanced liver lipid metabolism of broilers.HIGHLIGHTS Supplementation of 400 mg/kg of TA increased intestinal antioxidant status and immune function, and promoted liver lipid metabolism of broilers compared with non-supplemented group.

TLR4/NF-κB is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.

本试验旨在研究不同品种玉米不同器官的常规养分、总能和氨基酸的差异,以期提高玉米的利用效率.试验选取了32种山东省广泛种植且具有代表性的玉米品种作为试验材料,根据玉米部位划分将其全株剥离为8个部分,即籽实、苞叶、上茎、下茎、上鞘、下鞘、上叶、下叶,进而分别在玉米全株为新鲜、风干和绝干状态下测定分析其各部分的常规营养成分和总能,以及玉米全株为风干和绝干状态下的氨基酸含量.结果表明:不同品种类型玉米的籽实、苞叶、叶茎、叶鞘、叶片的常规养分含量和总能差异显著(P<0.05).以有机物(OM)含量作为评定玉米器官营养价值的因素,鲜样基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为籽实>苞叶>下叶片>下叶鞘>上叶片=上茎>上叶鞘>下茎,风干基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为苞叶>籽实>上茎>上叶鞘>下茎>下叶鞘>上叶片>下叶片,干物质基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为籽实>苞叶>上茎>下茎>上叶鞘>下叶鞘>上叶片>下叶片.新鲜基础籽实中干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、无氮浸出物(NFE)和总能量(GE)比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高25.35％、27.90％、74.27％、60.05％、30.99％和50.61％、62.41％、83.43％、77.80％、57.48％.风干基础籽实中CP、NFE、总必需氨基酸(TEEA)和总非必需氨基酸(TNEEA)比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高60.27％、37.82％、81.29％、45.40％和21.49％、46.05％、81.29％、17.69％.干物质基础籽实中CP、NFE、TEEA和TNEEA比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高63.04％、24.40％、83.80％、50.79％和42.15％、48.05％、81.28％、12.53％.综上所述,玉米籽实和苞叶的常规养分和总能、营养价值显著高于其他器官(P<0.05).在"粮改饲"政策和全株玉米青贮技术的推广中,对这些器官的充分利用是提高全株玉米利用率的关键.

试验旨在研究菌酶协同对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、粪便微生物和养分含量的影响.选择1月龄荷斯坦犊牛40头,按照随机分配原则分为对照组(基础TMR日粮)、微生物组(基础TMR日粮+复方微生态制剂)、酶组(基础TMR日粮+复方酶制剂)和微生物+酶组(基础TMR日粮+复方微生态制剂+复方酶制剂),每个处理10头犊牛,进行30 d的饲养试验.结果表明:①微生物+酶组的试验末重和平均日增重显著高于酶组、微生物组和对照组(P<0.05),而料重比显著低于酶组、微生物组和对照组(P<0.05).②与对照组相比,微生物组、酶组和微生物+酶组的好氧菌和大肠杆菌总数均显著降低(P<0.05),而厌氧乳酸菌数显著升高(P<0.05);微生物组的大肠杆菌总数和厌氧乳酸菌数又显著低于微生物+酶组和酶组(P<0.05).③微生物+酶组鲜粪的粗蛋白(CP)、干粪的有机物(OM)、CP和碳水化合物(TCHO)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).综上所述,菌酶协同作用可以降低奶犊牛的料重比,从而提高犊牛生长性能,且菌酶协同优于单独使用微生物制剂或酶制剂.

This study investigated the alleviative potential of trans-anethole (TA) on the impaired intestinal barrier and intestinal inflammation and its regulatory effects on gut microbiota in broilers with subclinical necro-hemorrhagic enteritis (NE) challenge. Subclinical NE challenge led to a severe decline in the 21-day body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but an increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and intestinal lesion score of birds compared with controls (P < 0.05). Compared with the subclinical NE group, the TA administration group exhibited lower (P < 0.05) intestinal lesion score and crypt depth (CD), serum diamine oxidase activity, and D-lactate concentration, but higher (P < 0.05) intestinal tight junction protein expressions, villus height (VH), VH/CD, and numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells. The administration of TA also inhibited (P < 0.05) the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) but increased (P < 0.05) jejunal IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration. TA inclusion also led to a remarkable reduction of intestinal NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) degradation and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) translocation. Moreover, TA modulated the cecal microbiota abundance and diversity of NE birds, as confirmed by reducing the phylum Firmicutes and genera Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group when supplemented at 600 mg/kg and reducing genera Butyricicoccus, Oscillibacter, and Flavonifractor when supplemented at 400 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Supplementation of TA in broiler diets could alleviate subclinical NE infection by restoring intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, and modulating gut microbiota. A 600-mg/kg dose of TA is the optimum concentration for ameliorating subclinical NE in broilers.

This study aimed to explore the effects of trans-anethole (TA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute jejunal inflammation model of broilers. A total of 160 one-day-old broilers (male; Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with 8 replicates of 5 birds each. On d 20, the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight LPS solution and the equal amount of sterile saline were intraperitoneally injected into LPS-challenged and unchallenged broilers, respectively. Compared with the control group, LPS decreased (P < 0.05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VCR) but increased (P < 0.05) the crypt depth (CD), meanwhile, enhanced (P < 0.01) the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) but decreased (P < 0.01) the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10). The group supplemented with 600 mg/kg of TA had lower (P < 0.01) CD and higher (P < 0.01) VCR than the LPS group. TA increased (P < 0.01) the level of IL-10 and decreased (P < 0.01) the level of IL-1β. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α were up-regulated (P < 0.05) and the levels of IL-10 and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) were down-regulated (P < 0.05) by LPS as compared with the control group. TA down-regulated (P < 0.05) the increased mRNA expression levels of genes caused by LPS, as well as up-regulated (P < 0.05) the levels of IL-10 and IκBα. Furthermore, LPS down-regulated (P < 0.05) and up-regulated (P < 0.05) the protein expression levels of IκBα and NF-κB p65, respectively. TA up-regulated (P < 0.05) the level of IκBα and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the level of NF-κB p65. The conclusion of this study is that TA could exert protective effect on the LPS-induced acute jejunal inflammation of broilers via repressing the activation of NF-κB and the 600 mg/kg is the optimal dose against LPS-induced acute jejunal inflammation of broilers.

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective role of trans-anethole (TA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) injury and the potential mechanisms. The cells were pretreated with TA (0 and 1 mM) for 24 h, prior to stimulation by LPS (1 mg/mL) for 24 h. Compared with the control group (CON), LPS stimulus resulted in decreased cell viability, intestinal barrier injury, increased cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. These effects triggered by LPS were reversed by TA. In order to reveal the main genes and pathways involved among the groups, transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the differential expression genes (DEGs) among the treatment groups. There were a total of 493 DEGs (275 upregulated and 218 downregulated) that were identified between the LPS and CON group. Meanwhile, a total of 361 DEGs (103 regulated and 258 downregulated) were identified in the LPS+TA group compared with the LPS group. The results showed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in immune related pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on the results of RNA-sequencing, further investigation of the signaling pathway involved revealed that TA could inhibit the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in LPS-induced IEC-6 cells. In conclusion, this finding demonstrated a functional role of TA in intestinal epithelial cells injury and indicated that TA may be a potential strategy for treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of trans-anethole (TA) on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver inflammation model of chickens by determining the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and liver, relative mRNA expression and protein expression of inflammation-related genes in NF-κB signaling pathway. A total of 160 one-day-old male chickens (Arbor Acres) were assigned into 4 treatments with 8 replicates of 5 birds each. On d 20, the control group was intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline and the other groups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg body weight). There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among groups. However, compared with the control group, the LPS group significantly increased (P < 0.01) the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and decreased (P < 0.01) the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level. TA attenuated (P < 0.01) these increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, ALT, and AST levels and improved (P < 0.01) the IL-10 level. In liver, the groups fed with TA had lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as higher (P < 0.05) concentration of IL-10. Furthermore, TA downregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) and TNF-α, also upregulated (P < 0.05) IL-10 and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) upon LPS challenge. In protein level, supplementation of 600 mg/kg of TA downregulated (P < 0.05) and upregulated (P < 0.05) the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and IκBα, respectively. The present findings suggest that TA could alleviate the acute liver inflammation induced by LPS via blocking the activation of NF-κB and the 600 mg/kg of TA plays more fruitful role in protecting broilers against LPS stimulus.

试验旨在研究不同品种玉米全株常规营养成分和氨基酸的差异,以提高玉米的利用效率.选取32种具有代表性的玉米优良品种为试验材料,根据玉米淀粉性质、籽实外形、成熟性质和用途进行分类,分别对玉米全株的新鲜、风干和绝干状态下的常规营养成分、总能和氨基酸进行测定分析.结果 显示:新鲜的玉米全株,胶质玉米的水分含量显著高于粉质玉米(P＜0.05),干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著低于粉质玉米(P＜0.05);早熟玉米的水分含量显著高于晚熟玉米(P＜0.05),DM和NFE含量显著低于晚熟玉米(P＜0.05);糯玉米的水分含量显著高于普通玉米和饲用玉米(P＜0.05),普通玉米和饲用玉米的DM、OM、粗蛋白(CP)和NFE含量显著高于糯玉米(P＜0.05).风干的玉米全株、胶质玉米和普通玉米的色氨酸(Try)、亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、缬氨酸(Val)和总必需氨基酸(TEAA)含量分别显著高于粉质玉米和饲用玉米(P＜0.05).绝干的玉米全株,胶质玉米和普通玉米的组氨酸(His)、Phe、Val和TEAA的含量分别显著高于粉质玉米和饲用玉米(P＜0.05).半马齿玉米和马齿玉米谷氨酸(Glu)和胱氨酸(Cys)含量均显著高于硬粒玉米(P＜0.05).研究表明,不同品种玉米常规营养成分和氨基酸含量差距较大.

BACKGROUND Yeast hydrolysate (YH) has multiple salutary biological activities. Nevertheless, the application of YH in broiler production is limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of YH derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by exploring growth performance, serum parameters, organs relative weight, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidant status of broilers. RESULTS Supplementing YH linearly and quadratically improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and gain-to-feed ratio compared to that in the control group. Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in serum, the decline in pH and cooking loss of breast muscle, and malonaldehyde concentration in serum and liver were decreased linearly and/or quadratically by YH (P < 0.05), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum, GSH-Px activity in liver, glutathione content in serum and liver, eviscerated yield rate and chest muscle yield, and the relative weight of spleen and liver were linearly and/or quadratically increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, YH enhanced the mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygennase-1 (HO-1), GSH-Px1 and SOD1 (linear and/or quadratic, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary YH beneficially affected growth performance, serum parameters, organ relative weight, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidant status in broilers, indicating its potential application as a promising feed additive in broiler production. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Objective Zearalenone (ZEA) has estrogen-like effects. Our previous study has shown that ZEA (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) could induce abnormal uterine proliferation through transforming growth factor signaling pathway. To further study the other regulatory networks of uterine hypertrophy caused by ZEA, the potential mechanism of ZEA on porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PECs) was explored by the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system. Methods The PECs were treated with ZEA at 0 (ZEA0), 5 (ZEA5), 20 (ZEA20), and 80 (ZEA80) μmol/L for 24 h. The collected cells were subjected to cell cycle, RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Results The proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases decreased (p<0.05), but the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased (p<0.05) in the ZEA80 treatment. Data analysis revealed that the expression of Wnt pathway-related genes, estrogen-related genes, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related genes increased (p<0.05), but the expression of genetic stability genes decreased (p<0.05) with increasing ZEA concentrations. The relative mRNA and protein expression of WNT1, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were increased (p<0.05) with ZEA increasing, while the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, our immunofluorescence results indicate that β-catenin accumulated around the nucleus from the cell membrane and cytoplasm with increasing ZEA concentrations. Conclusion In summary, ZEA can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by up-regulating WNT1 and β-catenin expression, to promote the proliferation and development of PECs. At the same time, the up-regulation of GSK-3β and down-regulation of CCND1, as well as the mRNA expression of other pathway related genes indicated that other potential effects of ZEA on the uterine development need further study.

为了探究包衣复合维生素在肉鸡上的应用效果,试验选用1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡240只,随机分成3个组,每个组8个重复,每个重复10只.对照组(试验1组)肉鸡饲喂常规日粮,不添加任何维生素;试验2组、试验3组分别在对照组基础上添加不包衣复合维生素和包衣复合维生素300 g/t.研究结果表明:①添加不包衣和包衣复合维生素均可显著提高肉鸡21 d和42 d的平均体重(P<0.05),提高肉鸡各阶段的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G),且有更好的欧洲指数(P<0.05);同时,与不包衣复合维生素组相比,饲料添加包衣复合维生素可显著提高肉鸡42 d的平均体重(P<0.05),显著提高22～42 d及全阶段(1～42 d)的ADG(P<0.05),降低F/G(P<0.05),提高欧洲指数(P<0.05).②对照组的腹脂率显著低于两个试验组(P<0.05),其他屠宰性能无显著差异(P>0.05).③试验2、3组21 d和42 d的肝脏和血液VA和VD3含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);同时,包衣多维组21 d的肝脏VA和VD3含量显著高于不包衣多维组(P<0.05),其21 d的血液VD3含量和42 d的血液VA含量显著高于不包衣多维组(P<0.05).④试验2、3组21 d和42 d的SOD活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).⑤参考历年市场行情,与对照组相比,添加不包衣和包衣复合维生素可使经济效益分别提高3.05元/只和3.49元/只;与不包衣维生素相比,添加包衣复合维生素可提高经济效益达4362.84元/万只.由此可见,日粮添加复合维生素可显著提高肉鸡的生产性能,提高肝脏和血液维生素含量,提高抗氧化性能,获得更好的经济效益,添加包衣复合维生素效果更优.