In recent years, the demand for high power density power supplies for accelerator systems has been growing rapidly, and the design of high-power modular power supplies is facing serious challenges [1–3]. The EMC design of high power density switching power supplies faces the serious challenge of accurate prediction and suppression of high-frequency conducted disturbances. In this paper, we propose an analysis method that incorporates circuit behavior modeling in concert with electromagnetic interference (EMI) spectral algorithms. Firstly, a cross-domain correlation model between time-domain current waveforms and frequency-domain interference features is established, and the switching transient process is mapped to the conduction path via parasitic parameters through circuit behavior modeling to improve the EMI prediction accuracy in the 150 kHz–30 MHz band. Second, the RBW adaptive FFT algorithm is used, and the EMI curves are compared with the simulation curves, and the experiments show that the method can accurately identify the EMI spectrum, and the spike bands are matched. This study provides a theoretical framework and a practical tool for the EMC design of high-density power modules.

A magnetic mass spectrograph has been developed for measuring the ion composition of pulsed vacuum arc ion sources at 60 kV extraction voltage. The mass spectrograph is comprised of an ion beam collimator, an einzel lens, a 114 degrees dipole magnet, and a 416-channel Faraday-strip array detector. The main advantages of this mass spectrograph are its high simultaneous mass-to-charge ratio detection range and gapless Faraday-strip array detector. This paper introduces the design of the mass spectrograph and evaluates its performance in terms of resolving power and simultaneous detection range.

The High-energy Fragment Separator (HFRS) at the High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) employs 11 superferric superconducting dipole magnets to deflect heavy-ion beams. Operating at a design current of 210 A and storing 370 kJ of magnetic energy, each magnet requires a dedicated DC power supply capable of providing highly stable excitation current and fast quench protection. This paper presents a complete power supply system for these magnets, with particular emphasis on a modular quench protection module (QPM) and an FPGA-based centralized controller. The QPM adopts a redundant full-bridge IGBT architecture in a compact 4U form factor. Upon receiving magnet quench trigger signals via a fiber optic interface, it completes IGBT turn-off and energy extraction circuit engagement within a microsecond-scale response time, thereby enabling fast and reliable magnet protection. The FPGA master controller incorporates a masking communication mechanism, which provides centralized management, independent control, and real-time diagnosis of magnet quench and module faults for distributed power units. Through a serial device server, the centralized controller simultaneously monitors the operating status and configures parameters for up to six power supply units over RS-485 links. Experimental results confirm that the power supply achieves a current stability of ±1 × 10−4. Under simulated magnet quench conditions, the protection system successfully transfers the stored energy to an external dump resistor, validating the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The system provides a scalable protection solution for the HFRS superconducting dipole magnet array.

The laminated busbar is a very critical component of the accelerator power supply equipment. A large number of large-capacity capacitors, high-power switching tubes and other important components are connected in parallel to it. It works in medium to high frequency and high current pulse mode. The performance of the laminated busbar—especially whether the distribution of inductance and resistance is uniform enough—has a direct impact on the reliable and stable operation of the power supply. In actual engineering practice, it is difficult to evaluate and judge the performance of laminated busbars simply and intuitively. It usually needs to be determined through actual testing after the power supply is manufactured. At this time, if it cannot meet the standards, it will have to be reworked. The process of optimizing the design is therefore time-consuming and laborious. This paper tests the use of finite element analysis method to analyze the inductance and resistance of laminated busbars with a specific structure. To achieve this goal, the script function of the existing commonly used commercial software ANSYS was re-developed to complete the script generator, which in disguise realized the multi-parameter batch scanning analysis and calculation functions required for research. On this basis, the inductor and resistance of a laminated busbar used in actual power supplies were analyzed and calculated, and a design method was proposed to make the distribution of the inductor and resistance more uniform by drilling holes in the laminated busbar metal plate, with good results. It also shows that it is feasible to introduce finite element analysis method into power supply design to analyze the performance of some special components, thereby improving the efficiency of design work.

Most magnet power supplies of Lanzhou heavy ion accelerators cooling storage ring are switch mode power supplies, operating in the mode of high pulsed current and high-precision. There are a large number of capacitors with various levels. The reliable operation of capacitors is very crucial for the reliability and stability of power supply. Based on the impedance frequency characteristics of capacitor and the FFT algorithm, this study extracts capacitor voltage and current at specific frequencies, enabling online monitoring of ESR and capacitance values. A 400 V, 10000 μF electrolytic capacitor is taken as an example to evaluate the ESR on different current conditions, and the ESR parameter of the capacitor is measured by an LCR meter. The error between the monitoring results and the measurement results is within 5

Capacitors are widely used in pulsed magnet power supplies to reduce ripple voltage,store energy,and decrease power vari-ation.In this study,DC-link capacitors in pulsed power supplies were investigated.By deriving an analytical method for the capacitor current on the H-bridge topology side,the root-mean-square value of the capacitor current was calculated,which helps in selecting the DC-link capacitors.The proposed method solves this problem quickly and with high accuracy.The current reconstruction of the DC-link capacitor is proposed to avoid structural damage in the capacitor's current measure-ment,and the capacitor's hotspot temperature and temperature rise are calculated using the FFT transform.The test results showed that the error between the calculated and measured temperature increases was within 1.5 ℃.Finally,the lifetime of DC-link capacitors was predicted based on Monte Carlo analysis.The proposed method can evaluate the reliability of DC-link capacitors in a non-isolated switching pulsed power supply for accelerators and is also applicable to film capacitors.

We describe a new modular cascaded H-bridge high power accelerator dipole magnet pulse power supply for the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou-Cooler-Storage-Ring main ring (HIRFL-CSRm). The power supply consists of two branches connected in parallel, each of which consists of four 360 V/1800-A power units connected in series. Each power unit uses modular high power density voltage sources in parallel for the ac/dc converter and cascaded H-bridges for the dc/dc converter. In addition, digital control strategies are implemented. The voltage source modules adopt voltage and current dual closed-loop control, and the cascaded H-bridges use current dual closed-loop control with frequency-doubling modulation and cascaded multilevel control. The effectiveness of the proposed topology scheme and control strategies is confirmed through experiments, and the thermal stability of the power supply is verified through 72-h continuous output experiments.

应用于强流重离子加速器装置增强环(HIAF-BRing)的快循环全储能脉冲电源需要在极宽的输出电压范围内保持极高的控制精度,为此电源采用了高压功率单元和低压功率单元串联的拓扑方式,在低压段采用低压功率单元,电压升高之后切换到高压功率单元,通过高低压切换控制来实现电流全阶段的高精度输出.但是在样机实测中发现存在切换点的振荡问题,导致切换点处的输出电流绝对误差无法满足指标要求.本文提出了一种切换点平滑控制算法来平滑处理切换点占空比,给出了仿真结果,并且在HIAF-BRing快循环全储能脉冲电源样机上面实际验证了高低压切换控制方法及其切换点平滑控制算法的有效性.实验结果表明:100?A注入平台的输出电流绝对误差由±500?mA降至±50?mA,100?A注入平台的切换点处输出电流绝对误差由±1.16?A降至±120?mA,100?A注入平台输出精度较低的问题得以解决.

为满足分离扇回旋加速器(SSC)对于磁场精度的需求,需对其主场电源进行改造.提出开关电源与线性电源相结合的方式作为SSC主场电源的改造方案.电源总体分为两部分,采用模块化的开关电源作为前级电压源,三极管线性调整电路作为后级模块的主电路,充分利用两种电源的优势,实现高稳定度、低纹波的电流输出,同时大幅度提升电源的功率密度和可靠性.文章介绍了电源的工作原理及改造过程,详细阐述了三极管线性放大原理以及管压降控制电路、输出电流控制电路的设计与实现,通过仿真对电路进行功能验证,最终在电源样机上进行实验测试.测试结果表明:改造后主场电源输出电流稳定度达到了±3.99×10?6,电流纹波达到了2.7×10?9,各项性能均优于改造前.

To obtain higher accelerator beam quality and operating efficiency, the performance of the power supply system often plays an important role. In view of the continuous updating of power electronic devices and the requirements of system integration miniaturization, the electromagnetic interference of power system is becoming more and more serious. Strong electromagnetic interference will affect the stable operation of other sensitive systems of the accelerator system, and even reduce the beam quality. In this paper, the transient response of accelerator power switching points is studied, including surge and ringing. Through the calculation and experimental verification of the potential mode of the circuit, the main interference sources were analyzed. Design of power switch interference filter effectively restrains electromagnetic interference of power supply.

随着磁铁电源的高频化,碳化硅(SiC)材料的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)已经开始在加速器磁铁电源中使用,由此带来更严重的电磁干扰(EMI)问题.这里基于SiC MOSFET的磁铁电源,对其传导EMI特性进行了研究,主要研究了其干扰源和传导路径,找到了影响传导EMI的关键因素:开关频率和上升时间.此处的研究为SiC器件的磁铁电源从干扰源和传导路径上抑制传导EMI提供了理论和实验基础.

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module is one of the most age-affected components in the switch power supply, and its reliability prediction is conducive to timely troubleshooting and reduction in safety risks and unnecessary costs. The pulsed current pattern of the accelerator power supply is different from other converter applications; therefore, this study proposed a lifetime estimation method for IGBT modules in pulsed power supplies for accelerator magnets. The proposed methodology was based on junction temperature calculations using square-wave loss discretization and thermal modeling. Comparison results showed that the junction temperature error between the simulation and IR measurements was less than 3%. An AC power cycling test under real pulsed power supply applications was performed via offline wear-out monitoring of the tested power IGBT module. After combining the IGBT4 PC curve and fitting the test results, a simple corrected lifetime model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the lifetime of the IGBT module, which can be employed for the accelerator pulsed power supply in engineering. This method can be applied to other IGBT modules and pulsed power supplies.

大功率绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块广泛应用于电力系统、机车牵引和风力发电等众多领域,其健康状态与可靠运行是电力电子系统关注的重点.IGBT结温检测是其可靠性分析与状态检测研究的关键.基于热敏感电参数(TSEP)法,分析了感应电压与结温之间的关系,通过实测建立了感应电压测量结温的三维模型,最后设计和搭建了基于H桥拓扑结构的工况复现平台,研究了大容量IGBT模块在工况下的结温波动特征,使用红外摄像仪进行温度测量对比,验证了所研究检测方法的准确性和实用性.

Power supply prototype in High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility-Booster Ring (HIAF-BRing) adopts the scheme of full energy and fast cycle storage pulse power supply topology. Its multi modules are connected in series and parallel pattern, and the power reaches megawatt level. Due to the high power and large scale of the power supply, a module fault interlock protection system based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), interlock boards and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is designed and implemented to protect the power supply in operation. In this paper, first, a design of double redundant module fault interlock is introduced. Second, the logic implemented in PLC is described. Third, the work about FPGA is given. Finally, the system is tested in three aspects: the responsive time of the power supply interlock loop, the total time from controller error occurrence to interlock finish, and the equipment fault response. The result shows that the module fault interlock system can action sensitively, timely and reliably in case of fault occurrence, which meets the requirements of the power supply prototype in HIAF-BRing.

High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) aims to provide heavy ion beams with the highest pulse beam intensity in the world, and BRing (Booster Ring) is its main accelerator. Therefore, the HIAF-BRing dipole magnet pulse power supply needs to output fast, high-precision large current and wide range of high voltage. Not only that, the power supply also needs to meet the requirement of long-term stable operation. These requirements mean that the structure and reliability design of power supply are very important. In order to meet these requirements, project team proposes a variable-voltage fast-cycling energy storage pulse power supply and develops a prototype. This paper focuses on the structure and reliability design of power supply. In terms of structure and reliability design, the characteristics of power supply are fully considered and combined. Especially for the H-bridge IGBT, use the FLOTHERM software to perform thermal simulation according to the actual working conditions to obtain important data and optimize the design. The experiment of working principle verified the working principle of power supply, and the feasibility of the structure and reliability design was verified through the 72-hour reliability experiment.

空间辐照地面模拟装置(SESRI)的加速器磁铁中等功率电源采用了前后两级的主回路拓扑结构.为提高运行的安全、可靠性以及同步性测试、标定和运维工作的效率与便捷性,电源控制系统开发了基于FPGA的前后级开关机与故障联锁保护软件,并增加了回读数据传输软件用于发送电源的运行数据.软件通过定时查询前后级的工作状态对电源进行保护,FPGA通过光纤串行发送回读数据,并利用CRC-4校验手段保证传输数据的准确性.实际离线测试结果显示,电源的联锁保护功能与回读数据传输功能均可正常工作,可靠性与稳定性测试结果符合电源上线标准.

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)磁铁电源大多是开关电源,工作于脉冲大电流、高精度模式,各种功率等级的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)数量庞大,IGBT的稳定工作对电源可靠、稳定工作至关重要.从IGBT损耗计算入手,分析和测量了IGBT在特定脉冲运行模式下的结温波动规律.以600 A/1200 V IGBT为例,对3种实际电流工况进行了实验分析,采用热成像仪对IGBT结温进行测量,结温数据的误差在3.5 ℃以内,验证了所提结温分析方法的正确性.最后,根据Bayerer寿命模型进行了基于结温波动的可靠性评估.

Keeping the highest junction temperature of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules below the critical temperature is the key to ensuring the stability and reliability of power supplies in accelerator facilities. However, the existing junction temperature extraction methods are not suitable for liquid cooling IGBTs and can be improved in terms of speed and accuracy. In order to investigate the junction temperature of IGBT modules and the characteristics of their water-cooled plates, an electro-thermal model combining the thermal network method and the computational fluid dynamics analysis is proposed. Because the power loss is corrected by the double-pulse test, and the thermal resistance of the cold plate is improved by computational fluid dynamics simulation, the accuracy of the model is improved. The thermal network method guarantees that the model is fast and can be easily applied to various operating conditions. The method is used to analyze the performance of two cold plates, select the cooling conditions, and further increase the switching frequency on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the IGBT module. The accuracy of the method has verified by experimental results, and the applicable conditions and the estimated junction temperature error are also analyzed.

介绍了强流重离子加速器装置(HIAF)磁铁励磁电源的需求,针对这些特殊需求进行了电源相关技术的预研,并介绍了样机研制最新进展.

In order to meet the requirements of biological medicine,a two-stage topological structure of the digital scanning power supply is designed.The principle of power supply is analyzed and the control method based on fieldprogrammable gate array(FPGA) digital regulator is described.Simplorer simulation results and test results are listed.The results show that two-stage topology can improve the performance of the scanning power supply working at low currents.The power system has high enough precision and small enough current ripple over its full operating range.