The High-energy Fragment Separator (HFRS) at the High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) employs 11 superferric superconducting dipole magnets to deflect heavy-ion beams. Operating at a design current of 210 A and storing 370 kJ of magnetic energy, each magnet requires a dedicated DC power supply capable of providing highly stable excitation current and fast quench protection. This paper presents a complete power supply system for these magnets, with particular emphasis on a modular quench protection module (QPM) and an FPGA-based centralized controller. The QPM adopts a redundant full-bridge IGBT architecture in a compact 4U form factor. Upon receiving magnet quench trigger signals via a fiber optic interface, it completes IGBT turn-off and energy extraction circuit engagement within a microsecond-scale response time, thereby enabling fast and reliable magnet protection. The FPGA master controller incorporates a masking communication mechanism, which provides centralized management, independent control, and real-time diagnosis of magnet quench and module faults for distributed power units. Through a serial device server, the centralized controller simultaneously monitors the operating status and configures parameters for up to six power supply units over RS-485 links. Experimental results confirm that the power supply achieves a current stability of ±1 × 10−4. Under simulated magnet quench conditions, the protection system successfully transfers the stored energy to an external dump resistor, validating the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The system provides a scalable protection solution for the HFRS superconducting dipole magnet array.

The requirements of current output accuracy and long-term stability are very high in bipolar magnet power supply for Cooler Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. According to the requirement of actual index, a DAC board is designed with high precision and high stability for power supply. Due to the design requirements for ultra-high precision and stability, the output accuracy and long-term stability of the analog given circuit design and device selection were emphasized, through experimental data testing on the actual power supply. The experimental results showed that the design requirements were met.

In digital control systems, many studies have been conducted to reduce control delay, thereby enhancing system bandwidth and stability margins. Most of these studies have used ADC with parallel interface or processor-integrated ADC, often overlooking the impact of ADC data transmission delays. In practical power applications, the use of external high-precision ADC with serial interface is more prevalent, and their data transmission delay can be the most time-consuming part of control. This paper presents a novel method suitable for digital controllers using serial interface ADCs, leveraging FPGA to perform real-time PWM modulation wave updates using the most significant bits (MSBs) during ADC data transmission. This approach also compensates for precision loss in a timely manner, thus reducing digital delay and improving current control without sacrificing accuracy.

A rectangular, high current pulsed power supply based on pulse forming networks (PFNs) and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) has been developed for the new generation of high intensity heavy ion accelerator. It employs eight IGBTs as discharge switches in a connection of four in series and two in parallel to achieve high voltage and high current. The synchronous triggering of IGBTs is achieved by adjusting the delay time of optical signals. The test results show that it can generate a rectangular pulse current of 5 kA with a flat-top duration of 2.3 µs and a flat-top ripple of less than ±1

High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is a national important scientific and technological infrastructure being built by Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Large-scale Accelerator Complex Control System (LACCS) developed by IMP will be used as the control system of HIAF. LACCS is divided into user layer, physical layer and device layer. In this paper, the power supply control system is described, which is used as the hardware driver of LACCS, provides full-function control interface for upper layers, and realizes remote control and reading back of power supplies. A large number of different types of power supplies are placed in many rooms, and each power supply room is equipped with a service host (called “local monitor”), which is integrated into the control system as a LACCS node. The power supply control system adopts multi-thread programming, communicates with upper LACCS nodes through CVLink protocol, and communicates with digital controllers of power supplies through self-defined protocol. Controllers send read back data via SFP to a self-defined FPGA card (called “data card”) and local monitor get data from data card via PCIe interface. The power supply control system can run stably and meet the control and reading back requirements.

In recent years, more physical experiments required the acceleration of heavy ions to higher energy ranges, and the power of HIRFL-CSRm (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou Cooler-Storage-Ring main ring) dipole magnet pulse power supply must be enhanced by a minimum of 33

In order to meet the high precision requirement of the beam of the High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) project at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, a new method of improving the PWM (pulse width modulation) precision of the magnet power supplies, which uses the dynamic phase shift of the phase locked loop (PLL), has been employed. The wave measurement results which are obtained by adopting the new method demonstrate that the adjustment precision of the PWM is picosecond, while the accuracy is nanosecond obtained by using the existing common methods. The new method has laid a solid foundation for improving the beam accuracy of the HIAF project. Details of the new method will be presented in the paper.

We describe a new modular cascaded H-bridge high power accelerator dipole magnet pulse power supply for the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou-Cooler-Storage-Ring main ring (HIRFL-CSRm). The power supply consists of two branches connected in parallel, each of which consists of four 360 V/1800-A power units connected in series. Each power unit uses modular high power density voltage sources in parallel for the ac/dc converter and cascaded H-bridges for the dc/dc converter. In addition, digital control strategies are implemented. The voltage source modules adopt voltage and current dual closed-loop control, and the cascaded H-bridges use current dual closed-loop control with frequency-doubling modulation and cascaded multilevel control. The effectiveness of the proposed topology scheme and control strategies is confirmed through experiments, and the thermal stability of the power supply is verified through 72-h continuous output experiments.

应用于强流重离子加速器装置增强环(HIAF-BRing)的快循环全储能脉冲电源需要在极宽的输出电压范围内保持极高的控制精度,为此电源采用了高压功率单元和低压功率单元串联的拓扑方式,在低压段采用低压功率单元,电压升高之后切换到高压功率单元,通过高低压切换控制来实现电流全阶段的高精度输出.但是在样机实测中发现存在切换点的振荡问题,导致切换点处的输出电流绝对误差无法满足指标要求.本文提出了一种切换点平滑控制算法来平滑处理切换点占空比,给出了仿真结果,并且在HIAF-BRing快循环全储能脉冲电源样机上面实际验证了高低压切换控制方法及其切换点平滑控制算法的有效性.实验结果表明:100?A注入平台的输出电流绝对误差由±500?mA降至±50?mA,100?A注入平台的切换点处输出电流绝对误差由±1.16?A降至±120?mA,100?A注入平台输出精度较低的问题得以解决.

Stable magnetic field is crucial for the precision experiments conducted at the heavy ion storage rings. Besides the current stability of the power supply, the magnetic field is also influenced by varying ambient factors such as temperatures. This paper proposed a dual-loop hysteresis control method to passively change the output current of the power supply according to the magnetic field monitored by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes. As a result, the long-term relative changes of magnetic field were reduced from dB/B approximate to 5.75 x 10-5 to 2.3 x 10-5 within three days.

In view of the high-speed data transmission requirements of distributed control of B-Ring bipolar iron power supply for high intensity heavy-ion accelerator, the 10-gigabit fiber optic transmission system architecture and software functions are designed. The system contains three branches connected in parallel and five power units per branch connected in series. Depending on the different transmission frequency of the transmitted data, the data such as output voltage, output current, bus voltage and bus current sampled by ADC of each sub-module and the data such as operation status, fault information, temperature data, various commands and parameter configuration transmitted by RS485 are transmitted in series using the state machine time-sharing multiplexing method. In order to ensure data safety, reliability and stability, a solution using SFP+ module fiber optic transmission is proposed. This method can achieve 10Gbps transmission speed and 300m long-distance transmission with better anti-electromagnetic interference performance and low loss. At present, the power supply prototype has completed the function test, the data transmission and reception are stable and reliable, and the data transmission system has been verified.

With the increasing requirements for power supply function and performance from heavy ion accelerators, the hardware and software of the power supply digital controller based on FPGA have been upgrading for more than ten years, and it has been developed into the third-generation up to now. The first-generation controller adopted the centralized architecture. To realize the functions of high-precision power adjustment, fault detection and protection, external communication, etc., the system-on-a-programmable-chip based on NIOS II Dual CPU in a single FPGA was built. The second-generation controller adopted the multi-board high-speed interconnection architecture. The ARM-based system-on-a-programmable-chip was built in the FPGA of the regulation board. To facilitate the remote control of the power supply, the debugging interface and database based on the webpage were developed. The third-generation controller adopted the master-slave architecture based on high-speed optical fiber communication. It has realized the control of multi-module cascade power supply and high-speed data transmission, and its performance has been greatly improved.

A high-speed acquisition system has been developed to meet the HIRFL-CSRm Kicker power supply output waveform monitoring requirements. The system has a sampling rate of 2.5Gsps and a high sampling accuracy of 12bit, which can complete the high-speed acquisition, storage, transmission and display of the fast pulse output waveform of the Kicker power supply. The actual test results show that the acquisition system is able to perform the acquisition of the fast pulse output waveform of the Kicker power supply excellently and recover the characteristics of the output waveform completely.

近年来,离子治疗技术在国内外发展迅速.为满足加速器调试和不同治疗方案对医用回旋加速器装置的不同束流能量要求,二极磁铁电源要求工作在可相互切换的直流、有序触发和周期脉冲三种模式.使用中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研发的集成盒装式控制器,实现了对电源的控制和保护功能.为了适应调试和治疗两种不同场合的需求,控制器还支持本地和远程控制两种不同的网络协议,可通过触摸屏的控制按钮完成两者的切换.电源主回路和控制器设计并装配完成后,对各项指标进行了测试.测试结果表明,电源可正常工作在不同模式下,额定电流下长期稳定度达到了21×10-6,电流纹波小于万分之四,超出了设计指标.

加速器系统中由于大量非线性器件的存在产生了大量纹波,严重影响加速器磁场对粒子运动轨迹的控制.为实现对加速器直流电源纹波的抑制,相关研究主要集中在用电压型有源电力滤波器降低直流电源纹波,但该方法存在抑制精度不足、响应延时、开关设备损耗较大等问题.针对以上问题,本文比较了电流型和电压型有源电力滤波器的主电路拓扑结构,研究了电流型和电压型有源电力滤波器的脉冲宽度调制技术和控制策略,分析了在加速器系统中不同的有源电力滤波器对磁铁电源输出电流纹波的抑制性能.通过仿真分析与实验验证,发现电流型有源电力滤波器对磁铁电源输出电流纹波具有显著的抑制效果,并且电流型有源电力滤波器能够直接控制输出的纹波电流,纹波精度抑制更高,CSAPF投入后,负载电流纹波显著减小,电流纹波系数达到1.6×10-5.

Power supply prototype in High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility-Booster Ring (HIAF-BRing) adopts the scheme of full energy and fast cycle storage pulse power supply topology. Its multi modules are connected in series and parallel pattern, and the power reaches megawatt level. Due to the high power and large scale of the power supply, a module fault interlock protection system based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), interlock boards and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is designed and implemented to protect the power supply in operation. In this paper, first, a design of double redundant module fault interlock is introduced. Second, the logic implemented in PLC is described. Third, the work about FPGA is given. Finally, the system is tested in three aspects: the responsive time of the power supply interlock loop, the total time from controller error occurrence to interlock finish, and the equipment fault response. The result shows that the module fault interlock system can action sensitively, timely and reliably in case of fault occurrence, which meets the requirements of the power supply prototype in HIAF-BRing.

In order to realize the characteristics of large current, fast-rising speed, and high precision of High-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) BRing dipole magnet power supply based on multi-module series-parallel structure, the digital controller of the power supply was required to provide more rapid and accurate acquisition, high-speed transmission, and complex operation capabilities, as well as more perfect fault detection and protection recovery mechanism. A new digital controller architecture was proposed, which consists of a core control board and a series of module power supply control boards. The module power supply control board is basically responsible for real-time acquisition, transmission and monitoring of the output state of each power supply module. The data read-back function which can improve the efficiency of power supply debugging was accomplished since the high-speed data interaction between module power supply control boards with the core control board was realized through the serial transceiver optical fiber. At the same time, a single-mode fiber loop is used to realize the synchronization sampling and communication fault monitoring mechanism of the whole controller system. And the software of the module power supply control board adopts a modular design idea and only uses hardware description language to realize the function of each module. After testing, the software of the module power supply control board not only meets the demand of power supply but also has good maintainability and expandability.

空间辐照地面模拟装置(SESRI)的加速器磁铁中等功率电源采用了前后两级的主回路拓扑结构.为提高运行的安全、可靠性以及同步性测试、标定和运维工作的效率与便捷性,电源控制系统开发了基于FPGA的前后级开关机与故障联锁保护软件,并增加了回读数据传输软件用于发送电源的运行数据.软件通过定时查询前后级的工作状态对电源进行保护,FPGA通过光纤串行发送回读数据,并利用CRC-4校验手段保证传输数据的准确性.实际离线测试结果显示,电源的联锁保护功能与回读数据传输功能均可正常工作,可靠性与稳定性测试结果符合电源上线标准.

At present, the output current of the synchrotron power supply of heavy-ion medical accelerator is periodic trapezoidal wave, and there are repeated rising and falling segments of current in different periods, which makes the beam efficiency low. In order to improve the work efficiency and economic benefit of medical accelerator, three new energy change methods are proposed in this paper, namely waveform segmented trigger, orderly trigger and real-time setting, and the concrete implementation scheme of each method are presented, too. Finally, the test results are introduced.

This article introduces the analytic modeling optimal control method in details, aiming at solving special control problems of pulsed power supply for heavy-ion accelerator magnet. These problems include variable waveform, high speed, high precision, and wide dynamic range. To meet these requirements, this method has been proposed as a new choice. The mathematical model is analytic function, which is concerned with the continuous dynamics during topology switching period. Moreover, based on the analytic function, the optimal duty cycle can be calculated by high-performance controller. In simulations, compared with PID regulation, this method has a better ability to track a reference waveform which has a wide dynamic range. Meanwhile, we have made simulations with two magnets and four reference waveforms. The current can be controlled to the reference value at the end of each switching cycle. In experiments, the current of power supply can track above four reference waveforms and the maximum rate of current change is 8000 A/s. There is an excellent agreement between the results of experiments and simulations. Therefore, this control method has been verified.