In this research, we successfully produced hierarchical porous activated carbon from biowaste employing one-step KOH activation and applied as ultrahigh-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The coconut shell-derived activated carbon (CSAC) features a hierarchical porous structure in a honeycomb-like morphology, leading to a high specific surface area (2228 m2 g−1) as well as a significant pore volume (1.07 cm3 g−1). The initial test with the CSAC electrode, conducted in a 6 M KOH loaded symmetric supercapacitor, demonstrated an ultrahigh capacitance of 367 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 together with 92.09% retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. More impressively, the zinc–ion hybrid supercapacitor using CSAC as a cathode achieves a high-rate capability (153 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 75 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), high energy density (134.9 Wh kg−1 at 175 W kg−1), as well as exceptional cycling stability (93.81% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Such work thus illuminates a new pathway for converting biowaste-derived carbons into materials for ultrahigh-performance energy storge applications.

以2-丁基-4-氯-5-甲酰基-咪唑和2-氰基-4'-溴甲基联苯为原料,依次经过NaBH4还原和四唑化反应得氯沙坦,最后与氢氧化钾成盐得到氯沙坦钾1.本文对氯沙坦钾1合成工艺进行改进,2-丁基-4-氯-5-甲酰基-咪唑和2-氰基-4'-溴甲基联苯的最佳摩尔比为1.0:1.1,四唑化反应中叠氮化钠3.0 eq,得到氯沙坦钾1,总收率75.7％.该方法生产工艺简单,操作简便,产品质量稳定,收率高,适合工业化生产.

化工原理是化学工程与工艺专业最重要的专业主干课程,基于工程教育专业认证通用标准,对化学工程与工艺专业化工原理开展教学课程的改革研究是非常必要的.本文从化工原理课程性质和教学问题展开讨论,突出课程教学内容的建设、教学资源的建设和教学实践基地的建设等三个方面.采用丰富的教学内容和教学资源满足不同层次学生的学习需求,提高了教学效果,进而推动学院的化学工程与工艺专业工程教育专业认证工作.

本文对生活垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的成分进行分析,其飞灰主要是铅、铬、镉等毒性物质含量超出标准;考虑到单一的稳定化药剂对多种重金属固化效果不同,本文选取二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DTC)和多硫化钙作为稳定化药剂,研究了单一的稳定化药剂和联用时对焚烧飞灰进行稳定化效率和最佳投加量.实验表明,当多硫化钙5％+DTC2％或多硫化钙3％+DTC3％以上时,可使稳定化样品浸出液中所测定的所有重金属达到标准中规定的限值.

We present here the pharmacological characterization of cannabinoid-binding sites in zebrafish brain homogenates using radiolabeled binding techniques. The nonselective agonist [3H]-CP55940 binds with high affinity (KD=0.50±0.06nM and a Bmax=1047±36.01fmol/mg protein), displaying one binding site. The slightly CB2 selective agonist [3H]-WIN55212-2 also binds with high affinity to zebrafish brain membranes displaying two different binding sites with affinities KD1=0.35±0.09nM and KD2=105.81±66.36nM. Competition binding assays using [3H]-WIN55212-2 and several unlabeled ligands were performed. WIN55212-2 significantly displaced the tritiated ligand binding showing the two binding sites observed with its tritiated homologous, while the slightly selective CB1 cannabinoid ligand HU-210, the nonselective cannabinoid ligand CP55940 and the endogenous cannabinoid ligand anandamide presented one binding site. Also, the functionality of these cannabinoid sites was analyzed using the known [35S]GTPγS assay. All the agonist used presented an agonist profile and the rank order for potency was HU-210>WIN55212-2>CP55940>anandamide. Our results provide evidence that, although some of the typical cannabinoid ligands for mammalian receptors do not fully recognize the cannabinoid-binding sites in zebrafish brain, the activity of the endogenous zebrafish cannabinoid system might not significantly differ from that displayed by the cannabinoid system described in other species. Hence the study of zebrafish cannabinoid activity may contribute to an understanding of the endogenous cannabinoid system in higher vertebrates.

以4-氯-2-甲硫基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯(2)与3-氯-4-甲氧基苄胺(3)为起始原料,经过亲核取代反应、氧化反应、亲核加成,最后水解后与2-氨甲基嘧啶盐酸盐(9)缩合得到目标产物阿伐那非(1).反应总收率达74.4％,产品经HPLC检测纯度达99.6％以上,目标产物结构经MS、IR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR确证,部分中间体的化学结构经过MS和1H-NMR确证.

具有高能量密度、循环寿命长、体积小、重量轻、记忆效应少、污染少的锂离子电池,已被公认为未来用于储存电力最有效的方法.负极材料作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分,许多课题组都一直致力于开发高性能负极材料的研究.系统讨论了几种常研究的纳米结构负极材料(包括碳、合金、过渡金属氧化物和硅)的优缺点和发展方向.

为加强对阿伐那非原料药的质量控制,研究了阿伐那非中间体N-1的合成及其工艺杂质A、B和C引入的原因,并合成了阿伐那非中间体N-1杂质A、B和C.以4-氯-2-甲硫基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯((1))为起始原料,经过取代和氧化等反应得到阿伐那非中间体N-1,氧化物继续与3-氯-4-甲氧基苄胺(2)反应得到杂质B,氧化物在碱性条件下水解得到杂质C,4-氯-2-甲硫基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯((1))与4-甲氧基苄胺经过取代和氧化等反应得到杂质A,目标化合物的结构经过NMR与MS确证,纯度达97.5％以上(HPLC),可作为阿伐那非中间体N-1质量控制的杂质对照品.

以2-氨基吡啶和反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3为原料,经过缩合、 成环反应得到2-(咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶-3-基)乙酸乙酯4,最后水解得到米诺磷酸关键中间体2-(咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶-3-基)乙酸1.该方法重点是反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3合成,通过氯乙醛与三苯基膦反应生成磷叶立德2,磷叶立德2与乙醛酸乙酯反应得到反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3.该方法具有产品收率高、纯度高、外观好,且该路线工艺稳定、操作简单等特点,适于工业化大生产.

Novel daidzein napsylates (DD4 and DD5) were synthesized by microwave irradiation, according to structural modification of daidzein (DAI) using the principle of pharmacokinetic transformation. The pharmacological properties of DD4 and DD5 were evaluated via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on the drug design software ChemAxon 16.1.18. The cell uptake changes of DD4 and DD5 were investigated to analyse the structure–property relationship. The metabolisms of DD4 and DD5 were analysed by HPLC-mass spectrometry in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) and their possible metabolic pathways were inferred in vivo. The results showed that the solubility of DD4 and DD5 was increased by 2.79 × 105 and 2.16 × 105 times compared to that of DAI, separately, in ethyl acetate. The maximum absorption rates of DD4 and DD5 were enhanced by 4.3–4.5 times relative to DAI. Preliminary studies on metabolites of DD4 and DD5 in HAVSMCs showed that DD4 and DD5 were hydrolysed into DAI under the action of intracellular hydrolase in two ways, ester hydrolysis or ether hydrolysis. Then, DAI was combined with glucuronic acid to form daidzein monoglucuronate under the action of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronidase. Meanwhile, it was also found that metabolite M5 of DD5 could undergo glucuronidation under the action of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and competitive sulphation under the action of sulphotransferase to produce its sulfate conjugate M7. Analysis of structure–property relationships indicated that the absorption and utilization of drugs is closely relative to the physical properties and could be improved by adjusting the liposolubility. The pharmaceutical properties were optimized comprehensively after DAI was modified by naphthalene sulphonate esterification. This indicates that this kind of derivatives may have relatively good absorption and transport characteristics and biological activities in vivo. The research on biological activities of the new derivatives (DD4 and DD5) is ongoing in our laboratory.

毕业实习和毕业论文都是高校人才培养方案中最重要的两个实践教学环节,就业是检验本科人才培养质量的重要指标.针对目前化工类专业本科毕业生毕业实习、毕业论文和就业存在的问题,分析了化工类本科生到化工企业进行毕业实习,毕业实习内容来自于就业岗位,以毕业实习内容作为本科毕业论文的可行性,探讨了毕业实习、毕业论文和就业一体化培养新模式.

以DL-蛋氨酸为原料,经过浓硫酸和氢溴酸在一定温度和时间催化脱甲基氧化偶联得到DL-高胱氨酸粗品,晶状粗品通过电化学还原法合成得到DL-高半胱氨酸硫内酯盐酸盐.本文对DL-高半胱氨酸硫内酯盐酸盐合成工艺进行了改进,总收率为达到36％～42％,含量99.5％～101.5％.

以1-环丙基-6,7,8-三氟-1,4-(2H)-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸根-硼-二乙酸酐和(S,S)-八氢-6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶为原料,以无机碱作为缚酸剂,反应得到螯合物3,螯合物3通过水解反应去螯合,得到莫西沙星1.对莫西沙星1合成工艺进行改进,并考察了不同反应温度、时间和无机碱对反应收率的影响.该合成路线成本低、条件温和、操作简便,整个工艺的总收率为91％,适于工业生产.

This paper reports on a novel molecular-level design strategy to achieve a novel MCL material base on boron and nitrogen aromatics. The introduction of boron nitrogen unit is the key to design the MCL smart materials.

毕业论文(设计)是高校人才培养方案中最后一个实践教学环节,是培养学生实践能力、创新能力、综合素质的重要手段.针对目前医药化工专业本科毕业论文(设计)中存在的问题,教师探讨了医药化工专业本科生到医药化工企业进行毕业实习,以实习工作内容作为本科毕业论文(设计)产生的背景及可行性等方面进行研究.

为了提高大豆素衍生物的抗动脉粥样硬化等功效,利用药动团变换原理对大豆素进行结构修饰,合成了大豆素磺酸酯衍生物(D1、D2).采用HPLC和软件ChemAxon对目标衍生物的药学性质进行考察和计算,利用人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞HAVSMCs和HPLC考察大豆素及其衍生物的吸收利用率.结果 表明:大豆素(DD)、衍生物D1、D2在主动脉血管平滑肌细胞吸收率最大,分别为20.3％、29.4％和71.7％,最大吸收率表现为D2 ＞D1 ＞DD.构性关系研究表明,药物的吸收利用与药物的理化性质密切相关,只有脂溶性和水溶性适宜,药物的细胞吸收利用才会得以提高.

目的:考察新型大豆苷元苯磺酸酯衍生物(D3、D4)的药学性质和细胞吸收变化,分析其构性关系.方法:利用药动团变换原理对大豆苷元(DA1)进行结构修饰,采用微波法高产率合成DA1苯磺酸酯衍生物,采用HPLC对D3、D4的药学性质进行考察,并采用软件ChemAxon 16.1.18对D3、D4的部分药学性质进行计算,利用HPLC考察DA1及衍生物D3、D4在人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(HAVSMCs)中的吸收利用率.结果:D3、D4相对DA1在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度分别提高4.73×105和1.09×105倍,表观脂水分配系数(1gP)分别为2.73±0.45和2.19±0.12,D3的水溶性相对于DA1也得以提高,D3在HAVSMCs中的吸收率达74.3％,细胞最大吸收率:D3＞DA1＞D4.结论:构性关系研究表明,药物的吸收利用与其理化性质密切相关,适宜的脂溶性和水溶性可使药物的细胞吸收利用得以提高.

以尿素和乙酰丙酮氧钒为原料,将乙酰丙酮氧钒络合在纳米薄片石墨化氮化碳上,得到系列不同V质量分数的光催化剂(VO@g-C3N4-T),将其与石墨化氮化碳(g-C3N4)、钒氧化合物负载在石墨化氮化碳上得到的催化剂(VO/g-C3N4)进行了催化苯羟基化的性能对比.采用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)对制备的催化剂进行了表征.考察了所得催化剂可见光下催化苯羟基化制苯酚的性能.结果表明,高比表面积、纳米薄片状的VO@g-C3N4-T催化剂具有合适的带差,对可见光下催化苯的C-H活化及羟基化具有较好的催化性能,苯的转化率和苯酚选择性分别可以达到98.4％、91.1％.由于石墨化氮化碳和钒具有较强的相互作用,减少了钒的溶脱,所以该催化剂具有很好的可重复使用性,连续使用5次后,苯的转化率和苯酚的选择性仍然可以达到97.1％和91.0％.

A series of novel 1-(4-amino-6-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)-ethanones and 6-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-amines were prepared by the annulation of 5-amino-1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles with acetylacetone in the presence of tin(IV) chloride. The results demonstrated that the ethanones are the precursors of second compounds.