Composite materials with a two-layer coating consisting of ultrahigh molecular weight PE and a lower molecular weight PE are synthesized on the surface of filler particles (Al2O3/ultrahigh molecular weight PE/lower molecular weight PE) using the polymerization filling technique by the sequential two-step polymerization of ethylene. In the composites, the ratio ultrahigh molecular weight PE : lower molecular weight PE (polyethylene) is varied with the molecular weight of PE being constant or the molecular weight of PE is varied with the ratio ultrahigh molecular weight PE : lower molecular weight PE being constant. In this case, the lower molecular weight PE is the external layer on the surface of composite particles, while the ultrahigh molecular weight PE occurs directly on the surface of filler particles. In both cases, with an increase in the fraction of polyethylene in the two-layer coating in pressed composites, the degree of crystallinity increases and the lamella parameters change. The mobility of polymer chains in the intercrystalline amorphous layer alters. Creation of two-layer coatings ultrahigh molecular weight PE/lower molecular weight PE allows modification of the deformation–strength properties of the composites. An increase in the content of polyethylene in the composites is accompanied by a considerable increase in the elongation at break and the elastic modulus of the composites while the breaking stress decreases.

In recent years, ultrafast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods have been extensively developed for the use in proteome profiling in biochemical studies. These methods are intended for express monitoring of cell response to biotic stimuli and elucidation of correlation of molecular changes with biological processes and phenotypical changes. New technologies, including the use of nanomaterials, are actively introduced to increase agricultural production. However, this requires complex approbation of new fertilizers and investigation of mechanisms underlying the biotic effects on the germination, growth, and development of plants. The aim of this work was to adapt the method of ultrafast chromatography/mass spectrometry for rapid quantitative profiling of molecular changes in 7-day-old wheat seedlings in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with iron compounds. The used method allows to analyze up to 200 samples per day; its practical value lies in the possibility of express proteomic diagnostics of the biotic action of new treatments, including those intended for agricultural needs. Changes in the regulation of photosynthesis, biosynthesis of chlorophyll and porphyrin- and tetrapyrrole-containing compounds, glycolysis (in shoot tissues), and polysaccharide metabolism (in root tissues) were shown after seed treatment with suspensions containing film-forming polymers (PEG 400, Na-CMC, Na 2 -EDTA), iron (II, III) nanoparticles, or iron (II) sulfate. Observations at the protein levels were consistent with the results of morphometry, superoxide dismutase activity assay, and microelement analysis of 3-day-old germinated seeds and shoots and roots of 7-day-old seedlings. A characteristic molecular signature involving proteins participating in the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolytic process was suggested as a potential marker of the biotic effects of seed treatment with iron compounds, which will be confirmed in further studies.

Image analysis is widely applied in plant science for phenotyping and monitoring botanic and agricultural species. Although a lot of software is available, tools integrating image analysis and statistical assessment of seedling growth in large groups of plants are limited or absent, and do not cover the needs of researchers. In this study, we developed Morley, a free, open-source graphical user interface written in Python. Morley automates the following workflow: (1) group-wise analysis of a few thousand seedlings from multiple images; (2) recognition of seeds, shoots, and roots in seedling images; (3) calculation of shoot and root lengths and surface area; (4) evaluation of statistically significant differences between plant groups; (5) calculation of germination rates; and (6) visualization and interpretation. Morley is designed for laboratory studies of biotic effects on seedling growth, when the molecular mechanisms underlying the morphometric changes are analyzed. The performance was tested using cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Pisum sativum on seedlings of up to 1 week old. The accuracy of the measured morphometric parameters was comparable with that obtained using ImageJ and manual measurements. Possible applications of Morley include dose-dependent laboratory tests for germination affected by new bioactive compounds and fertilizers.

Успешная разработка эффективных и безопасных фармацевтических препаратов на основе наноматериалов требует понимания того, как их свойства влияют на биологическую активность.Это исследование было сосредоточено на выявлении корреляции между физикохимическими свойствами наночастиц меди и их антибактериальным действием.Были протестированы шесть мазевых составов с монокристаллическими наночастицами.Частицы различались по размеру, составу кристаллической фазы металла и фазы оксида меди, толщине поверхностной оксидной пленки и площади поверхности.Методы линейной и нелинейной регрессии были использованы для оценки взаимосвязи между свойствами частиц и эффективностью их действия.Лучшая антибактериальная активность при тестировании с E. coli AB 1157 наблюдалась при увеличении площади поверхности, а также при большем количестве оксида CuO, более тонкой пленке и меньшем количестве кристаллической фазы.Улучшение антибактериальной активности при тестировании со St. epidermidis определялось уменьшением диаметра наночастиц, меньшим количеством оксида CuO, а также увеличением

The structure of shock waves in pressed porous samples of nickel nanoparticles was investigated in a series of uniaxial planar plate impact experiments in the pressure range of 1.6–7.1 GPa. The initial porosity of the samples was about 50%. Wave profiles were obtained using laser velocimetry techniques. The nanomaterial demonstrated a complex response to shock loading including the development of a two-wave structure associated with precursor and compaction waves. The effect on profiles and measurements of the observed precursor reverberations propagating between the front of a compaction wave and a monitored sample surface was described. The obtained wave profiles were used to estimate the thicknesses of precursor and compaction wave fronts.

Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (Fe@C) with a mean diameter of 15 nm have been synthesized using evaporation–condensation flow–levitation method by the direct iron-carbon gas-phase reaction at high temperatures. Further, Fe@C were stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating, and their electromagnetic properties were evaluated to test their performance in magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) through a specific absorption rate (SAR). Heat generation was observed at different Fe@C concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) when applied 331 kHz and 60 kA/m of an alternating magnetic field, resulting in SAR values of 437.64, 129.36, and 50.4 W/g for each concentration, respectively. Having such high SAR values at low concentrations, obtained material is ideal for use in MHT.

The shock compression of porous nickel from nanosized particles nNi was studied at a pressure range of 4–61 GPa. The average size of the nNi particles was 50 nm, and the porosity of the samples was 50%. Plane shock waves in the samples were generated by the impact of aluminum plates accelerated to velocities ranging from 0.8 to 5 km/s. Laser interferometry was used to monitor particle velocity histories at the interface between the samples and water or LiF windows. The data obtained at pressures below 8 GPa showed a complex shock wave profile with the formation of an elastic precursor wave. The shock Hugoniot and data on the expansion isentropes were obtained. The Hugoniot of nanosized nNi coincided within the experimental errors with the Hugoniot of micron-sized nickel. The Hugoniot calculated on the basis of the equation of state for porous nickel was in good agreement with that of experimental data. It has been established that in the middle pressure range (20–35 GPa), the expansion isentropes in the “pressure–particle velocity” coordinates become noticeably flatter with a significant increase in the particle velocity. The reason for this phenomenon is still unclear. An assumption was made about the onset of particle melting upon reaching pressures above 15 GPa.

In this study, the synthesis of uncontaminated, dispersible, single-crystal, stoichiometric iron carbide (Fe 3 C) nanoparticulate is pioneered successfully by using the flow-levitation (FL) method. The technique facilitates conditions for clean and direct iron-carbon gas-phase reaction at high temperature, and for the purpose of this work, production regimes and parameters were selected and customized in order to manufacture Fe 3 C nanoparticles (NPs) of mean size 20 nm for subsequent characterization and evaluation. Characterization is performed using analytical techniques that include transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM/STEM), electron and X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental CHNS analysis, specific surface area analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry analysis. The results confirm the uncontaminated and stoichiometric character of the iron carbide NPs and demonstrate their single-crystal nature. The synthesized product exhibits chemical inertness and excellent stability at room temperature over extended periods of time. A detailed analysis of magnetic properties of the nanoparticulate was also performed. The saturation magnetization ( M s ) of the product was experimentally determined to be 124 A m 2 kg –1 , which is highly comparable to that of bulk iron carbide. The successful results merit to further investigate the clear advantages of the FL method to manufacture stoichiometric iron carbide nanoparticulate. The technique favours a significant level of parameter controllability during synthesis, which allows repeatability, and effective customization of size and magnetic properties of the resulting nanoproduct. Graphic abstract

The objective of this work is to synthesize pure stoichiometric titanium carbide and stoichiometric titanium carbide/hydride core-shell nanoparticles using the Guen-Miller Flow-Levitation method. The nanoparticulate are obtained via chemical reaction between nascent titanium nanoparticles and tailored gaseous hydrocarbons. Characterization of the nanoparticles is performed using analytical techniques including transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis and specific surface area analysis. The results confirm the single-crystal nature and purity of the titanium carbide nanoparticles and demonstrate the coherence of single crystal titanium carbide core and titanium hydride shell in the TiC/TiH2 core-shell nanoparticles.

Abstract Nanopowders of titanium compounds TiH2 and TiC are synthesized via Flow-Levitation method using in situ reaction of nascent titanium nanoparticles with the proper reactants. The influence of manufacturing parameters on the composition and the internal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles is examined. Study of TiH2 nanoparticles using thermal methods revealed hydrogen evolution within the narrow temperature range (390-510°C), while hydrogen evolution temperature of the commercial samples is higher than 500°C.

Laboratory automated equipment for synthesis of ultrafine particles of metals, alloys and metal compounds via evaporation-condensation Flow-Levitation Guen-Miller method combined with crucible method using high-frequency (440 kHz) electromagnetic field for heating is described. The equipment synthesizes the said particles and multilayer core-shell structures with mean size ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers with output from grams to tens of grams per hour. Synthesized particles may be collected into container with inert gas, or into non-volatile liquid, or in situ passivated with air for further handling. Examples of synthesized particles are presented.

Abstract Nanopowders of Fe-C system are synthesized via modified Guen-Miller Flow-Levitation method by in situ reaction of nascent iron nanoparticles with acetylene. Morphology, internal structure, chemical and phase composition are studied by electron microscopy methods, including electron diffraction and element analysis, X-ray phase analysis and CNHS chemical analysis. It is shown that depending on the parameters of the reaction with acetylene (temperature, concentration), particles composition can vary from pure iron with thin carbon coating complex composition consisting predominantly of iron carbide.

Stoichiometric TiH2 nano-crystalline powder with particle mean size of less than 30 nm was synthesized for the first time via the Guen-Miller Flow-Levitation method. Details of the method are explained, and characterization of the synthesized TiH2 nanopowder is performed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction analyses and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Particle structure analysis confirms the capability and versatility of the Guen-Miller method to synthesize high-grade nano-scaled stoichiometric titanium hydride powder. Hydrogen recovery analyses are conducted and compared to hydrogen recovery from commercial-grade titanium hydride powder. Thermal and mass-spectrometry analyses on the synthesized nanopowder shows that hydrogen recovery starts at 390 degrees C and peaks at 460 degrees C, which lowers the energy demand during the process. These temperatures and the energy demand are substantially lower than the required in hydrogen recovery from conventional micro-sized commercial-grade titanium hydride. The results confirm that stoichiometric nano-scaled titanium hydride powder synthesized via the Guen-Miller Flow Levitation method possesses desirable characteristics for hydrogen storage and recovery. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oxidation of nanosized titanium (nano-Ti), a promising component of energetic compounds, was studied using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. To obtain more comprehensive insight into the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation, a variety of complementary non-isothermal and isothermal thermoanalytical experiments were performed. In sharp contrast to micron-sized titanium, oxidation of nano-Ti commences at much lower temperatures (150 degrees C instead of 650 degrees C) with profoundly lower activation energies (152 1 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) and 220 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), respectively). Moreover, reaction kinetics for nano-Ti obeys the logarithmic law, while in the case of micron-sized Ti kinetics is described by the 2D-diffusion model. At the microscopic level, the observed kinetics of nano-Ti oxidation is explained by switching of the limiting reaction stage to short-circuit diffusion of oxygen through the titanium oxide. This process is promoted by the increase of porosity upon initial water loss and the blocking of pores in the course of oxidation. The kinetic model proposed for oxidation of nano-Ti was independently benchmarked against the isothermal kinetics (zero heating rate limit) and ignition data (high heating rates). Our model provides reliable kinetics of the nano-Ti oxidation, which is valid for both storage and application conditions. (C) 2018 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Комбинированная установка предназначена для получения ультрадисперсных (субмикронных и наноразмерных) порошков металлов, сплавов и соединений металлов, а также формирования на их основе «core-shell» структур с ядром из металла или соединения металла.

The paper presents the study concerning wound healing process modified by treatment with the ointment containing copper nanoparticles co-administrated with chitosan nanoparticles or chitosan derivative with a low molecular weight — N–sulfosuktsinoil -N-carboxymethylchitosan. It is shown that the ointments compositions of complex assemblage have more pronounced wound-healing effects in comparison with the case of ointments containing individual components. At the same time synergistic additive effects of complex ointments were observed. The greatest wound-healing effect demonstrated an ointment with an integrated structure containing copper nanoparticles and N-sulfosuktsinoil-N-carboxymethylchitosan.