As novel multifunctional materials that merge enzyme-like capabilities with the distinctive traits of nanomaterials, nanozymes have made significant strides in interdisciplinary research areas spanning materials science, bioscience, and beyond. This article, for the first time, employed bibliometric methods to conduct an in-depth statistical analysis of the global nanozymes research and demonstrate research progress, hotspots and trends. Drawing on data from the Web of Science Core Collection database, we comprehensively retrieved the publications from 2004 to 2024. The burgeoning interest in nanozymes research across various nations indicated a growing and widespread trend. This article further systematically elaborated the enzyme-like activities, matrix, multifunctional properties, catalytic mechanisms and various applications of nanozymes, and the field encounters challenges. Despite notable progress, and requires deeper exploration guide the future research directions. This field harbors broad potential for future developments, promising to impact various aspects of technology and society.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Traditional Chinese medicine Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) was used to treat regular seasonal influenza. In recent years, LHQW exerts significant therapeutic effects in treating influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the potential mechanisms are not yet understood and need further study.AIM OF STUDY:This study aims to look into the influence of LHQW on lung inflammation and macrophage phenotype, and to clarify the connection between macrophage plasticity and LHQW.METHODS:The cell viability, marker expression, response to LPS stimulation, and phagocytosis of Raw264.7 were detected after LHQW treatment. In an LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model, the alleviating effect of LHQW on lung injury was investigated. The total macrophages and M2 macrophages in mice lungs and the peripheral blood monocytes after LHQW treatment were detected. The cell viability and polarization of peripheral blood macrophages treated with LHQW were detected.RESULTS:Here, we demonstrate that LHQW protects LPS-induced ALI by promoting M2 macrophage infiltration. LHQW treatment inhibited the inflammatory response and pro-inflammatory phenotype of Raw264.7 macrophages. High concentrations of LHQW promoted the phagocytic capacity of Raw264.7 macrophages. In an ALI mouse model, LHQW alleviated lung injury and no significant hepatotoxicity was observed. By Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, LHQW increased the infiltration of macrophages, mainly M2 macrophages. Consistent with Raw264.7, LHQW also decreased the expression of M1 markers in peripheral blood macrophages. In addition, LHQW blood plasma promoted the M2-type polarization of peripheral blood macrophages.CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, our data demonstrate that LHQW reduces the inflammatory response and ameliorates acute lung injury by promoting anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages.

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)作为神经系统退行性疾病,发病率随着年龄增长而显著增加,且死亡率亦随之升高,是当前全球性的公共卫生和社会性问题.AD发病机制复杂,涉及多层次多靶点.而天然产物中存在丰富多样的靶向AD的活性成分,是抗AD新药发现的源头,具有非常重要的研究价值和应用潜力.本文以AD不同发病机制假说中涉及的各类靶点为切入点,对近年来发现的单靶点和多靶点抗AD的天然活性成分进行总结评述,并展望其发展前景,以期为抗AD药物研发提供参考.

Objective: To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medic-inal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor and chromatographic isolation technology.Methods: Under the guidance of bioactive assessment based on binding abilities between objects and the a-Mannosidase (a-Man) target, the active components from different solvents extracts, different polar extraction parts and fractions were screened orderly and directionally using SPR. Components with a high binding ability to a-Man can be precisely oriented in a narrower fractions range and are easy to isolate. Three human cancer cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of component with the highest affinity to a-Man.Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identificated from A. inebrians for the first time. Deoxyvasicinone possessed the highest affinity to a-Man among them. Moreover, deoxyvasicinone showed good effects on inhibited proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2 (IC50 = 5.7 & mu;mol/L), human breast cancer cells MCF7 (IC50 = 7.21 & mu;mol/L) and human lung cancer cells HCC827 (IC50 = 0.75 & mu;mol/L), respectively. In particular, its inhibitory effect on HCC827 was stronger than the positive drug gefitinib (IC50 = 1.65 & mu;mol/L). Conclusion: A comprehensive strategy of directional screening potential cytotoxic components from herb based on biomolecular interaction and chromatography was established. Deoxyvasicinone as an effective anti-cancer component was initially isolated from A. inebrians. It is expected that this screening strategy could provide new perspectives for rapid screening and identification of active components from natural plants with the complex matrix.& COPY; 2022 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

I n this study, palladium nanoparticles loaded graphdiyne oxide (Pd/GDYO) nanocomposite were fabricated by in-situ reduction of palladium chloride in the dispersion of GDYO, and characterized by Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized Pd/GDYO was first found to have catalytic activities similar to those of the peroxidase enzyme, which can catalyze the oxidation of peroxidase substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide(H 2 O 2 ). Steady-state kinetic studies showed that the catalytic reaction of Pd/GDYO follows a ping-pong mechanism, and Pd/GDYO has a stronger activity to TMB with a Michaelis constant( K m ) value of 5.32×10 -4 mmol/L. Based on the shielding effect of glutathione(GSH) on the Pd/GDYO-H 2 O 2 -TMB reaction system, a colorimetric detection method for GSH was developed with a wide linear range from 0.1 μmol/L to 40 μmol/L and a limit of detection of 0.1 μmol/L. The method was successfully applied for fast and accurate detection of GSH in injection powder drugs. It was expected that this peroxidase-like Pd/GDYO nanocomposite would have wide applications in the fields of biomedicine and environmental chemistry.

生物碱作为一类结构类型多样的含氮类有机化合物,具有明显的生理药理活性,在新药研发中占据非常重要的地位.天然植物是生物碱发现及筛选的重要源头,但其中生物碱含量低,提取分离方法的选择尤为重要.本文对近年来发现的一些新活性生物碱进行了总结.在此基础上,对它们的提取分离方法进行了分析和评述,以期为新生物碱的进一步发掘提供参考借鉴.

Panzerina lanata is a Chinese medicine with the bioactivity of detumescence and detoxification. In this study, novel qualitative and quantitative methods were established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry, respectively. As a result, 20 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized including flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and lignans, five of which were identified for the first time based on the reference standards. The quantitative approach exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.995), precision (RSDs < 4.97%), stability (RSDs < 4.77%), and recovery (96.04-104.14%). Afterward, this method was implemented to determine 11 flavonoids in four batches of P. lanata. Among them, seven compounds were quantified for the first time. Narcissin was abundant in each batch of P. lanata (average of 10.890-14.230 mg/g) with the highest quantities. The results provide valuable information for quality evaluation.

Due to the different rates of diabetes in different ethnic groups and the structural differences in intestinal microbiota, this study evaluated the changes in diabetes-related intestinal microbiota in two ethnic groups. Fifty-six stool samples were collected from subjects from the Han and Mongolian ethnic groups in China, including participants without diabetes (non-diabetic, ND) and with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The 16S rDNA gene V3 + V4 area was extracted from microbiota, amplified by PCR, and used to perform high-throughput sequencing and screen differential microbiota associated with ethnicity. The results showed that there were 44 T2D-related bacterial markers in the Han subjects, of which Flavonifractor , Alistipes , Prevotella , Oscillibacter , Clostridium XlVa , and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis were most closely related to diabetes. There were 20 T2D-related bacterial markers in the Mongolian subjects, of which Fastidiosipila and Barnesiella were most closely related to diabetes. The common markers of T2D bacteria in the two ethnic groups were Papillibacter and Bifidobacterium . There were 17 metabolic pathways with significant differences between the ND and T2D groups in the Han group, and 29 metabolic pathways in the Mongolian group. The glutamatergic metabolic pathway was the only common metabolic pathway in two ethnic groups. The composition and function of diabetes-related bacteria were significantly different among the different ethnic groups, which suggested that the influence of ethnic differences should be fully considered when studying the association between diabetes and bacteria. In addition, the common bacterial markers found in diabetic patients of different ethnic groups in this study can be used as potential targets to study the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes.

目的 利用石墨烯纳米酶优良的类过氧化物酶活性,构建药物抗氧化活性测定新方法;并实际用于民族药醉马草抗氧化活性的测定.方法 在优化H2O2浓度和反应时间的基础上,对18批醉马草样品进行抗氧化活性测定.同时采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法作为方法对照.使用Bland-Altman、Passing-Bablok回归法,对2种方法测定结果进行比较.结果 利用纳米酶法,测得18个批次醉马草的抑制率在37.28％～71.58％,平均值为50.87％,中位数为47.09％;利用DPPH法,测得的自由基清除率在36.06％～83.11％,平均值为54.89％,中位数为50.83％.统计结果显示,纳米酶法和DPPH法的测定值相近;2种方法之间存在线性关系,且可以通过Passing-Bablok回归法实现不同方法的相互转化.结论 成功将石墨烯纳米酶应用到抗氧化活性检测,避免了试剂光敏感问题,缩短了反应时间,减少了药材用量,且结果与经典DPPH法一致.同时也显示了醉马草具有抗氧化活性,为进一步探究其生物活性奠定了基础.

The interactions between eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking technologies. The results of SPR kinetic analysis showed that both the number and substitution position of bromine on PBDEs had regular influences on the interaction. Bromine atoms mainly affected the dissociation rate of interaction, causing the affinity of PBDE and HSA to increase with the number of bromine atoms. The position of bromine on PBDEs mainly affected the association rate of interaction, resulting in the high affinity of m-substituted PBDE and HSA than that of o-substituted PBDE in isomers. The results of molecular docking indicated although all PBDEs were mainly bound to site I of HSA, the difference of amino acid residues around the binding site affected the binding ability. The van der Waals force and hydrogen bond force had greater contribution to binding free energy than electrostatic force. The experimental datum of SPR were in good agreement with the results of computer simulation.

Both physiological behaviors and pathological processes of living organisms are related to the synergistic co-action of various enzymes. Inspired by this, a new bionic catalytic technology, immobilized multienzyme cascade reactor has been proposed for accelerating the bio-reactions including synthesis, substrate degradation, transformation and recombination. By taking advantages of the good stability, reusability and remarkable high efficiency, the immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor has attracted more and more attention in many fields including biological sensing, simulation biology and biological transformation and so on. This review focuses on the art-of-state and progress of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor in recent years. The fundamentals, preparation approaches, advantages, factors affecting the efficiency, and applications of the technology are involved. Its trends in future study are also prospected.

基于石墨烯优良的物化性能,利用层层组装法将氧化石墨烯修饰于石英毛细管内壁,制备了氧化石墨烯基质的毛细管电色谱,通过电渗流、拉曼光谱等对其进行表征.在此基础上,基于离子键合法将胰蛋白酶固定于毛细管电色谱柱头,制备胰蛋白酶微反应器.两者结合构成毛细管电色谱胰蛋白酶微反应器.实验结果显示,氧化石墨烯作为基质既可提高样品的分离效率,还能促进胰蛋白酶的催化性能.氧化石墨烯修饰的毛细管电色谱对N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(BAEE)和N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸(BA)混合物的分离度从裸毛细管的3.70提升至4.71,而其固定化酶活性(米氏常数Km=1.10 mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax=0.32 mmol·L-1·s-1)也明显优于裸毛细管(Km=109.77 mmol/L,Vmax=0.000 46 mmo1·L-·s-).利用所制备的微反应器从10种中药材中筛选胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性成分的药材,结果发现三七和大黄中均存在胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性成分.

With D-proline as the reducing and capping agent, fluorescent gold nanoclusters were rapidly prepared (D-Pro@AuNCs) within 10 min at 100 degrees C. In the present of gold nanoparticles, the fluorescence of D-Pro@AuNCs was remarkably quenched. Interestingly, based on the electrostatic interaction between anticancer drug Raltitrexed and gold nanoparticles induced fluorescence "turn-on" principle, a high selective assay for detection of Raltitrexed was established with the probe associating the fluorescence emission at 435 nm. The fluorescence intensity of D-Pro@AuNCs linearly correlated with the concentration of Raltitrexed in the range from 5.0 mu mol/L to 40.0 mu mol/L (R-2 = 0.999) and the limit of detection was 1.9 mu mol/L. Further, after Raltitrexed was abdominal injected in rats, a metabolic approach was constructed with the prepared fluorescent probe. It showed great potential of AuNCs-based sensing probes for application in analysis of serum anticancer drugs. (C) 2019 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

利用羧基化氧化石墨烯(GO-COOH)的纳米酶效应,建立了一种谷胱甘肽制剂比色法含量测定方法.对反应时间、pH、H2O2浓度进行了优化.在最优条件下,谷胱甘肽标准品检测的线性范围为1～50μmol/L.将该方法用于谷胱甘肽片的含量测定,并采用液相色谱法对测定结果进行了验证,结果显示,谷胱甘肽片剂测定的相对误差为1.8％.该方法简单、直观,可用于谷胱甘肽制剂含量的准确测定.

Dechlorane plus (DP) is found widely in environmental media. Determining DP concentrations in dust and hair and identifying relationships between the concentrations in dust and hair could improve our understanding of the effects of DP in humans. DP concentrations in 48 hair samples from male and female students and in 30 indoor dust samples from dormitories and classrooms used by the students were determined. The objective was to determine the difference of DP concentration between indoor dust and hair, and to explore the effect of DP in dust on DP in hair of male and female students. The mean DP concentration was significantly higher in male dormitory dust than female dormitory dust, and the estimated DP dose through exposure to dust was also significantly higher for males than females. However, the mean DP concentration was significantly higher for hair from females than from males. The median DP fanti was significantly lower for hair than dust, indicating DP may be stereoselectively metabolized by humans. The median DP fanti was significantly higher for hair from females than from males, indicating DP may be metabolized differently by males and females. Human serum albumin preferred combination with anti-DP, rather than syn-DP. DP in indoor dust was not a major direct source of the DP in the hair, meaning DP in hair mainly came from within the body. There may be significant differences in DP, particularly anti-DP, metabolism in males and females.

Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in humans and other animals, and they play important roles in human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and multiple demographical-, behavioral-, or biochemical-related factors in subjects with chronic disease. Subjects with a very wide age range who participated in community-based chronic disease prevention and screening programs in China were enrolled. We analyzed the intestinal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing of fecal samples, analyzed the association between gut microbiota structure and multiple demographical, behavioral, and biochemical factors, and compared the differences in microbiota composition in age-stratified groups with different blood glucose levels. Our results showed that both age and blood glucose levels had a significant impact on the gut microbiota structure. We also identified several taxa showed distinct abundance in groups with different glucose levels. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium at genus level and their related taxa were more abundant in the GLU high group comparing with GLU normal group and in NGR group comparing with DM group. Further analysis using the age-stratified data showed that blood glucose levels had a more significant impact on the gut microbiota in the ≥76 y age group than in the ≤75 y age group, which indicated that it is necessary to take age into account when conducting such studies. Moreover, we identified several taxa that were highly associated with blood glucose levels in the ≥76 y age group but not in the ≤75 y age group. Within the ≥76 y age group, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and Bacteroides were more abundant in the GLU normal group, whereas Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium at genus level were more abundant in the GLU high group. This result suggested that taxa that are capable of differentiating blood glucose levels might differ significantly in different age groups.

目的:探究组织块贴壁法、混合酶消化法分离培养的原代大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)在形态、生长、表型特征蛋白表达方面的不同,为合理使用VSMCs提供参考.方法:分别使用组织块贴壁法和混合酶消化法分离获得原代VSMCs,进行体外传代培养,观察细胞形态及细胞表型特征蛋白免疫荧光亮度.结果:混合酶消化法获得的原代VSMCs特征蛋白SMα-actin表达明显,表明在收缩表型特征方面优于组织块贴壁法,随着传代次数的增加,混合酶消化法在第7代仍部分保留收缩表型特性,而组织块贴壁法在第7代已丧失收缩表型特性,转变为合成型.结论:混合酶消化法在获得较稳定的收缩表型VSMCs方面比组织块贴壁法更具有优势,各实验室应根据自身的实验条件和实验设计准确选择.

目的:以人表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)为靶标,从左旋紫草素,乙酰紫草素,β,β-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素,β-乙酰氧基异戊酰紫草素等新疆紫草所含的4种柰醌类活性成分中筛选潜在的EGFR抑制剂.方法:利用表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术,首先通过预吸附实验,优化固定的pH和浓度,选择最佳条件,构筑EGFR生物芯片.在此基础上,以pH 7.4,浓度10 mmol·L-1的磷酸缓冲溶液(含0.005％聚山梨酯-20)作为相互作用时的缓冲溶液,实时动态研究EGFR与4种单体的相互作用.通过软件计算动力学参数,基于结合动力学常数大小,筛选抑制剂.结果:选择pH4.5,10 mmol· L-1的乙酸缓冲液、质量分数为10 mg·L-1的EGFR为其最佳的固定条件,最终固定量为250 RU.相互作用结果显示4种单体中,β,β-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素与EGFR有明显的结合作用,其他3种单体无明确响应.动力学参数计算结果显示,EGFR与β,β-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素相互作用的结合速率常数ka为1.27×104 L·mol-1·s-1,解离速率常数kd为2.92×10-2s-1,解离平衡常数KD为2.31×10-6 mol·L-1,卡方值(Chi2)为3.25.KD＜1 ×10-5mol· L-1,表明他们有较强的亲和力.结论:β,β-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素可能为EGFR的一种抑制剂.

Label-free optical biosensor has been widely studied and applied to the research fiells including chemistry,pharmacy and biology associated with life science recently,due to its key features such as label-free of target molecule,dynamic monitoring,non-destructive detection and so on.This article mainly focuses on the current development of four representative kinds of label-free optical biosensors,including surface plasmon resonance biosensor,optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy biosensor,spectroscopic ellipsometry biosensor,and reflectometry interference spectroscopy biosensor.In addition to the introduction of the instrument structure and mechanism,method development,and applications in various fields,the advantages and shortcomings of these methods are discussed,which may illuminate the future development.

醉马草中的主要活性成分-苦马豆素有抗肿瘤作用,文章对其机制研究现状进行综述和评论.笔者介绍了醉马草的物质基础和其主要活性成分苦马豆素的生化性质,论述了苦马豆素的抗肿瘤作用与临床应用,并对醉马草的发展前景进行展望,以期为该药的进一步研究提供参考.