目的 探讨年龄≥75岁老年男性非空腹血脂检测的意义.方法 整群抽取2020年8～9月在我院进行健康体检年龄≥75岁的老年男性126例,分别采集空腹和早餐后2 h(非空腹)静脉血检测TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C,分析空腹、非空腹血脂代谢特点.结果 老年男性非空腹TG水平明显高于空腹,非空腹TC、HDL-C水平明显低于空腹[(1.65±0.64)mmol/L vs(1.40±0.52)mmol/L,(4.21±0.98)mmol/L vs(4.45±1.03)mmol/L,(1.30±0.26)mmol/L vs(1.39±0.27)mmol/L,P=0.000].空腹和非空腹HDL-C水平与体质量指数(BMI)、腰高比、腰围呈负相关,TG水平与腰高比呈正相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).非空腹TG水平与腰围呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 年龄≥75岁老年男性,非空腹血脂与BMI、腰高比和腰围的相关性较空腹血脂更强,可使用非空腹血脂检测替代空腹血脂进行心血管疾病风险的评估和预测.

Background:The accurate placement of stents for treatment of coronary aorto-ostial lesions (AOLs) is technically challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a stent positioning system with a dedicated nitinol device and compare them with those of the conventional approach for stenting of coronary AOLs.Methods:In this prospective, multi-center, open-label, randomized study, conducted from November 2015 to April 2019, patients with coronary AOLs that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly allocated (allocation ratio 1:1) using block randomization method to either a stent positioning system group or a conventional technique group. The primary endpoint was the range of stent slippage when positioning. The following secondary endpoints were applied: (I) the extent of swing of the guiding catheters during stent positioning; (II) the rate of accurate stent placement; (III) the procedure time; and (IV) the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis.Results:During the study period, 139 patients with aorto-ostial coronary artery stenosis were included at 5 centers. A total of 69 patients were allocated to the stent positioning system group and 70 patients to the conventional technique group. Angiographic and clinical success were achieved in 100% of the patients included in both groups. The range of stent slippage was significantly shorter in the stent positioning system group than it was in the conventional technique group [0.64 (0.22; 1.35) vs. 1.11 (0.48; 1.72) mm, P=0.01]. The rate of accurate placement of stents was higher in the stent positioning system group than it was in the conventional technique group (74.6% vs. 57.1%, P=0.03). The extent of guiding catheter swing during the stent positioning [0.24 (0.19; 0.53) vs. 0.23 (0.19; 0.53) mm; P=0.95] and the MACEs rates (1.4% vs. 2.9%, P>0.99) were similar between the 2 groups. The procedural time of the stent positioning system was longer than that of the conventional approach [1.00 (0.50; 1.50) vs. 0.80 (0.50; 1.50) min, P=0.09].Conclusions:The dedicated stent positioning system was is safer and provides more accurate placement of stents for coronary AOLs than the conventional approach, and the associated prolongation of procedure time is insignificant.Trial Registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100053869. URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=133280.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:A new computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) technique with a "coarse-to-fine subpixel" algorithm has been developed to generate precise lumen contours. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of this new CT-FFR algorithm for discriminating lesion-specific ischemia using wire-based FFR ≤ 0.80 as the reference standard in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS:This prospective, multicenter study screened 330 patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and invasive FFR (median interval 2 days) from 6 tertiary hospitals. CT-FFR was evaluated in a blinded fashion with a "coarse-to-fine subpixel" algorithm for lumen contour. RESULTS:Between March 2019 and May 2020, we included 316 patients with 324 vessels. There was a good correlation between CT-FFR and invasive FFR (r=0.76, P<.001). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy on a per-vessel level were 95.3%, 89.8%, and 92.0% for CT-FFR, and 96.4%, 26.4%, and 53.1% for CCTA>50% stenosis, respectively. CT-FFR showed improved discrimination of ischemia compared with CCTA alone overall (AUC, 0.95 vs 0.74, P<.001) and in intermediate (AUC, 0.96 vs 0.62, P<.001) and "gray zone" lesions (AUC, 0.88 vs 0.61, P<.001). The diagnostic specificity, accuracy, and AUC for CT-FFR (71.9%, 82.8%, and 0.84) outperformed CCTA (9.4%, 48.3%, and 0.66) in patients or in vessels with severe calcification (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS:CT-FFR with a new "coarse-to-fine subpixel" algorithm showed high performance in identifying hemodynamically significant stenosis. The diagnostic performance of CT-FFR was superior to that of CCTA in intermediate lesions, "gray zone" lesions, and severely calcified lesions. Clinical Trial Register: NCT04731285.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Aim: Intracoronary murmur results from turbulent flow due to coronary artery narrowing. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a method for acoustic analysis of turbulent murmur caused by coronary artery stenosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese populations.Method: Patients admitted to the cardiovascular department of the Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital between September 2021 and June 2022 for elective coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled. A digital electronic stethoscope was used to record heart sounds before angiography. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) served as the “gold standard” for CAD diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the acoustic analysis method for CAD.Results: A total of 452 patients had complete QCA and heart sound data. The final interpretation results of the acoustic analysis method indicated 310 disease cases and 142 normal results. Increasing the cut-off values of coronary artery diameter stenosis from 30% to 50%, 70%, and 90% increased the sensitivity and NPV of the acoustic analysis method; the sensitivity was 75.6%, 81.9%, 83.3%, and 85.7%, respectively; the NPV was 33.1%, 57.0%, 69.7%, and 88.0%, respectively; the specificity and PPV decreased (specificity of 75.8%, 70.4%, 51.0%, and 37.5%, respectively; PPV of 95.2%, 89.0%, 69.4%, and 32.9%, respectively); and the AUC values were 0.757, 0.762, 0.672, and 0.616, respectively. The sensitivity of the acoustic analysis method for one-vessel disease was 86.6% when the cut-off value was 50%. The sensitivity for identifying left anterior descending coronary artery lesions was best, at 90.7%. The sensitivity for identifying isolated coronary artery branch lesions was 66.7%, whereas the sensitivity for identifying three-vessel disease in multi-vessel coronary artery lesions was better, at 82.9%.Conclusion: Acoustic analysis of turbulent murmur caused by coronary artery stenosis for diagnosis of CAD may have favorable performance in the Chinese population. This method has good performance in CAD diagnosis with a cut-off coronary artery diameter for stenosis of 50%.

Se ha desarrollado una nueva técnica basada en tomografía computarizada para la evaluación de la reserva fraccional de flujo (TC-RFF) con un algoritmo de subpíxel «de grueso a fino» para generar contornos luminales precisos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de este nuevo algoritmo de TC-RFF para discriminar la isquemia específica de lesión utilizando la evaluación invasiva de la RFF ≤ 0,80 como referencia en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. Este estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico evaluó a 330 pacientes sometidos a angiografía coronaria no invasiva con TC (ACTC) y evaluación invasiva de la RFF (mediana del intervalo, 2 días) en 6 hospitales terciarios. La TC-RFF se evaluó a ciegas con un algoritmo de subpíxel «de grueso a fino» para la evaluación de la luz. Entre marzo de 2019 y mayo de 2020, se incluyó a un total de 316 pacientes con 324 vasos. Hubo una buena correlación entre la TC-RFF y la evaluación invasiva de la RFF (r = 0,76; p < 0,001). La sensibilidad, la especificidad y la exactitud diagnóstica por vaso fueron, respectivamente, del 95,3, el 89,8 y el 92,0% para la TC-RFF y del 96,4, el 26,4 y el 53,1% para la ACTC para las estenosis > 50%. La TC-RFF mostró mejor discriminación de la isquemia que la ACTC sola en general (ABC = 0,95 frente a ABC = 0,74; p < 0,001) y en lesiones intermedias (ABC = 0,96 frente a ABC = 0,62; p < 0,001) y en «zona gris» (ABC = 0,88 frente a ABC = 0,61; p < 0,001). La especificidad, la exactitud y el ABC diagnóstica de la TC-RFF (el 71,9%, el 82,8% y 0,84) superaron las de la ACTC (el 9,4%, el 48,3% y 0,66) en pacientes o vasos con calcificación grave (todos, p < 0,05). La TC-RFF con un algoritmo de subpíxel «de grueso a fino» proporcionó un alto rendimiento en la identificación de estenosis hemodinámicamente significativas. El rendimiento diagnóstico de la TC-RFF fue superior al de la ACTC en lesiones intermedias, de «zona gris» y con calcificación grave. A new computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) technique with a “coarse-to-fine subpixel” algorithm has been developed to generate precise lumen contours. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of this new CT-FFR algorithm for discriminating lesion-specific ischemia using wire-based FFR ≤ 0.80 as the reference standard in patients with coronary artery disease. This prospective, multicenter study screened 330 patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and invasive FFR (median interval 2 days) from 6 tertiary hospitals. CT-FFR was evaluated in a blinded fashion with a “coarse-to-fine subpixel” algorithm for lumen contour. Between March 2019 and May 2020, we included 316 patients with 324 vessels. There was a good correlation between CT-FFR and invasive FFR (r = 0.76, P < .001). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy on a per-vessel level were 95.3%, 89.8%, and 92.0% for CT-FFR, and 96.4%, 26.4%, and 53.1% for CCTA > 50% stenosis, respectively. CT-FFR showed improved discrimination of ischemia compared with CCTA alone overall (AUC, 0.95 vs 0.74, P < .001) and in intermediate (AUC, 0.96 vs 0.62, P < .001) and “gray zone” lesions (AUC, 0.88 vs 0.61, P < .001). The diagnostic specificity, accuracy, and AUC for CT-FFR (71.9%, 82.8%, and 0.84) outperformed CCTA (9.4%, 48.3%, and 0.66) in patients or in vessels with severe calcification (all P < .05). CT-FFR with a new “coarse-to-fine subpixel” algorithm showed high performance in identifying hemodynamically significant stenosis. The diagnostic performance of CT-FFR was superior to that of CCTA in intermediate lesions, “gray zone” lesions, and severely calcified lesions. Clinical Trial Register: NCT04731285 Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org/en

Objective This study aimed to evaluate predictors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing coronary stenting. Methods We retrospectively recruited consecutive patients with previously documented non-valvular AF who underwent coronary stenting between January 2010 and June 2015 in 12 hospitals of Beijing, China. Major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and ischaemic stroke/systemic thromboembolism (IS/STE). Major bleeding referred to grade 2 or higher of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. Results A total of 2394 patients (men: 72.3% vs. women: 27.7%, median age: 67 years) were included. The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED were 3.6 +/- 1.6 and 1.9 +/- 0.7, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 36.2 months. There were 230 (9.6%) deaths, 96 (4.0%) IS/STE, 426 (17.8%) MACCE, and 72 (3.0%) major bleeding. Multivariate Cox regression yielded predictive models for (1) all-cause death: diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at presentation, heart failure, no use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins; (2) IS/STE: advanced age, prior history of ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage; (3) MACCE: prior history of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke, CKD, STEMI, heart failure, and no statin use; (4) major bleeding: prior major bleeding, prior myocardial infarction, CKD and use of oral anticoagulants. Conclusion Chinese patients with AF and coronary stenting had high mortality and incidence of MACCE. We compiled separate predictive models for all-cause death, IS/STE, MACCE, and major bleeding.

目的 观察体外膜氧合器(ECMO)辅助下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)用于高危复杂冠心病(CHD)的价值.方法 回顾性分析48例接受ECMO辅助下PCI的高危复杂CHD患者,收集其临床资料、ECMO辅助情况、PCI情况、住院期间病情变化及随访资料,观察ECMO辅助下PCI治疗高危复杂CHD的价值.结果 ECMO辅助时间0.50～3.55 h,平均(1.57±0.65)h;对46例成功完成PCI,2例因导丝、球囊通过困难而转至心脏外科行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗.46例PCI成功患者中,术后肺部感染4例,脑梗死2例,输血治疗2例,支架内急性血栓形成1例,切口感染1例,腹股沟血肿1例,急性心肌梗死1例.其中4例院内死亡,包括1例术后24 h内支架内急性血栓形成、1例术后第10日急性心肌梗死导致心源性休克、2例术后1周肺部感染并发感染性休克,42例出院.随访过程中2例失访,共对40例随访35.5(6,72)个月,期间5例死于其他疾患,35例病情获得改善.结论 ECMO辅助下PCI治疗高危复杂CHD安全、可行.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy among patients with high thrombus burden. Routine manual thrombus aspiration in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) does not improve clinical outcomes and was associated with an increased rate of stroke. However, the safety of mechanical thrombus aspiration is still unknown. This was a retrospective, single-center study involving 621 patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade 5. The primary outcome was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 12 months. The safety outcome was stroke within 1-year. Propensity matching score was calculated due to the significant baseline differences between the AngioJet rhelytic thrombectomy group and the routine treatment group. AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy was performed in 117 patients. After propensity-score matching, there was no significant difference both in the incidence of MACE (11.1% vs 17.9%, hazard ratio, 1.641; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.822 to 3.277, p = 0.161) and the incidences of stroke (1.7% vs 2.6%, hazard ratio 1.522; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.254 to 9.107, p = 0.646) between two groups at 1-year follow-up. In patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade 5, AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy did not improve clinical outcomes at 1 year. However, AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy did not increase the risk of stroke in patients with high thrombus burden.

Background. This study is aimed at to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods. The nomogram was based on a retrospective study of 977 patients with AF and ACS who underwent PCI who were admitted to any of the 11 tertiary hospitals in the Beijing area between 2009 and 2015. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by a concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and were compared using current risk scores such as GRACE, CRUSADE, CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc, and HAS-BLED. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling and a retrospective cohort study of 409 patients enrolled in Fuwai Hospital at the same institution. Results. Independent factors derived from multivariable analysis of the primary cohort to predict all-cause mortality were age, pattern of ACS, red blood cell distribution width, N-terminal proBNP, and serum creatinine, all of which were assembled into the nomogram. The calibration curve for the probability of recurrence showed that the nomogram-based predictions were in good agreement with actual observations. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting mortality was 0.764 (95% CI, 0.718-0.810), which was statistically higher than the C-index values for the current risk scores (from 0.573 to 0.681). In the validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram for predicting all-cause death was 0.706 (95% CI 0.601-0.811), with no significant differences compared with GRACE and CRUSADE, but better than that of CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED. Conclusions. The nomogram has good prognostic prediction for patients with AF and ACS who underwent PCI.

Background/aim: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary stenting had a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of CHA2 DS2 -VASc score for predicting and grading adverse clinical outcomes in this population. Materials and methods: We reviewed the clinical data of all patients with previously documented nonvalvular AF who underwent coronary stenting between January 2010 and June 2015 in 12 hospitals of Beijing, China. The study population was divided into three groups: 1) Low CHA2 DS2 -VASc score, ≦ 2 points, 2) Intermediate score, 3-4 points, and 3) High score, ≧ 5 points. Major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were defined as a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and ischemic stroke/systemic thromboembolism (IS/SE). Results: A total of 2394 patients (men: 72.3% vs. women: 27.7%, median age: 67 years) were included, with the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score of 3.6 ± 1.6. The median follow-up duration was 36.2 months. All-cause mortality increased 3 folds from the low score (4.8%) to the high score group (15.8%). The high score group had more IS/SE (7.4%) and MACCE (26.3%). The CHA2 DS2 -VASc score ≧ 5 points was independently associated with all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.303, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.492- 3.555), IS/SE (HR: 4.169, 95% CI: 2.216-7.845) and MACCE (HR: 1.468, 95% CI: 1.113-1.936) on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was 0.644 (95% CI: 0.624-0.663) for all-cause death, 0.647 (95% CI: 0.627-0.666) for IS/SE, and 0.592 (95% CI: 0.572-0.611) for MACCE. Conclusion: CHA2 DS2 -VASc score was a reliable prognostic indicator in patients with AF and coronary stenting.

BACKGROUND Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) offers hemodynamic support for patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). However, long-term outcomes associated with VA-ECMO have not previously been studied. AIM To explore long-term outcomes in high-risk cases undergoing PCI supported by VA-ECMO. METHODS In the present observational cohort study, 61 patients who received VA-ECMO-supported high-risk PCI between April 2012 and January 2020 at the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were enrolled. The endpoint characteristics such as all-cause mortality, repeated cardiovascular diseases, and cardiac death were examined. RESULTS Among 61 patients, three failed stent implantation due to chronic total occlusions with severely calcified lesions. One patient showed VA-ECMO intolerance because of high left ventricular afterload. PCI was successfully performed in 57 patients (93.4%). The in-hospital mortality was 23.0%, and the overall survival was 45.9%, with a median follow-up period of 38.6 (8.6-62.1) mo. CONCLUSION VA-ECMO can be used as a support in patients undergoing high-risk PCI as it is associated with favorable long-term patient survival.

Objective: Sex differences in the clinical outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary stenting should be assessed according to age. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of all patients with nonvalvular AF who underwent coronary stenting between January 2010 and June 2015 in 12 hospitals of Beijing, China. Results: A total of 2,146 patients (71.8% men and 28.2% women) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 66.6 +/- 9.4 years. Women in this study were older and had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and anemia. Smoking history was found to be higher in men, and women were less likely to be current smokers. The mean follow-up duration was 39.7 months. Women younger than 65 years had a remarkably higher mortality (11.2% vs. 5.3%, p=0.012) and a significantly lower rate of repeat revascularization (1.6% vs. 6.3%, p=0.034) than men. Female gender remained an independent predictor for all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR)=2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-3.79, p=0.025], along with heart failure (HR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.02-6.57, p<0.001) and CKD (HR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.09-5.57, p=0.031) after multivariate regression analysis. No significant difference was noted between men and women with regard to mortality, ischemic events, and major bleeding in elderly patients. Conclusion: In Chinese patients younger than 65 years with AF and coronary stenting, female gender was independently associated with increased mortality; men were more likely to receive repeat revascularization possibly due to the current smoking. Whether it was a biological difference or a recognition disparity of the disease between men and women warrants further investigation.

目的 探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)后持续疼痛对B型主动脉夹层患者中长期预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月解放军总医院第六医学中心连续收治并进行TEVAR的B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料32例,并进行随访.按照术后是否出现疼痛分为疼痛组和非疼痛组.结果 30例患者完成了平均5.25年随访,疼痛组13例,非疼痛组17例.两组患者的性别、年龄、合并疾病、住院天数、住院费用及发病至手术间隔时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).疼痛组手术所用时间短于非疼痛组[(83.46±10.37)min比(92.59±9.36)min,P=0.017],支架平均直径大于非疼痛组[(37.62±3.93)mm比(33.35±2.50)mm,P=0.001],差异均有统计学意义.疼痛组患者支架平均长度虽较非疼痛组偏长,但差异无统计学意义[(183.38±31.25)mm比(172.00±28.10)mm,P=0.304].疼痛组死亡1例,再发夹层1例;非疼痛组死亡2例,再发夹层1例,再次介入治疗1例.疼痛组与非疼痛组患者复合终点事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义[2(2/13)比4(4/17),P=0.655].结论 尚无法得出TEVAR术后持续疼痛对B型主动脉夹层长期预后是否产生不利影响.

目的 探讨性别对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者住院病死率的影响.方法 选择在解放军总医院第六医学中心心血管内科住院的老年AMI患者605例,男性382例,女性223例,收集入选者基线资料、院内结局等临床资料,以院内死亡为终点构建多因素logistic回归模型.结果 老年AMI患者住院病死率为9.1％.女性住院心源性死亡、高血压、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退比例明显高于男性,血红蛋白、血肌酐、血尿酸、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平明显低于男性,TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、随机血糖水平明显高于男性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).性别、年龄、KillipⅢ～Ⅳ级、血钾＞5.5 mmol/L、血钾＜3.5 mmol/L、血尿酸＞357 μmol/L、eGFR＜60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)、PCI及冠状动脉旁路移植术为老年AMI患者院内心源性死亡的独立危险因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).ST段抬高型心肌梗死、血运重建是影响老年女性AMI患者院内死亡的独立危险因素(95 ％CI:1.037～13.914,P=0.044;95％CI :0.058～0.708,P=0.012).结论 性别是影响老年AMI患者住院病死率的独立危险因素.

BACKGROUND:Xinyue capsule, a patented Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to manage coronary artery disease (CAD) for over a decade in China, but whether it can further reduce risk of cardiovascular events beyond conventional treatment is unknown.METHODS:In this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients with stable CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within the preceding 3-12 months to receive Xinyue capsule (100 mg panax quinquefolius saponins, three times a day) or placebo for 24 weeks in addition to conventional treatment. The primary endpoint was a composite that included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and urgent revascularization with either PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting. The secondary composite endpoints included stroke, re-hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), pulmonary embolism, peripheral vascular events and all-cause mortality. Quality of life was assessed using a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).RESULTS:A total of 1054 participants were included in the analyses. The median follow up was 1 year. The primary endpoint events occurred in 16 patients (3.02%) in the Xinyue group and 34 patients (6.49%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.455, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25 to 0.825; P = 0.009). Secondary end-point events occurred in 5.47% of patients in the Xinyue group and 10.31% in the placebo group (HR 0.515, 95% CI 0.328 to 0.809; P = 0.004). SF-36 subscale scores at 12 months were significantly higher in the Xinyue group than placebo group for general health (P = 0.048) and vitality (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONS:In patients with stable CAD after PCI within the preceding 3 to 12 months, Xinyue capsule added on conventional treatment reduced the incidence of primary composite endpoint (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and urgent revascularization).

Objective: We investigated the risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with 1 another stroke risk factor (i.e. CHA2DS2-VASc score =1 [males] or 2 [females]) and the impact of different component risk factors. Methods: Database were collected from two hospitals in the city of Hohhot in china. Among 3148 Nonvalvular AF patients not on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, we evaluated males with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 and females with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2. The clinical endpoint was the occurrence of ischaemic stroke. Results: Among 546 AF male patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1, there were 44 patients (8.06%) who experienced ischaemic stroke during follow-up (3.4 +/- 2.1 years) with an annual stroke rate of 2.62%. The risk of ischaemic stroke ranged from 1.86%/year for patients with vascular diseases to 3.33%/year for those age 65-74 years of age. For the female patients with 653 AF, 54 (8.27%) experienced ischaemic stroke during follow-up (3.4 +/- 2.1 years) , for an annual stroke rate of 2.76%. The risk of ischaemic stroke increased from 1.96%/year for patients with vascular diseases to 3.38%/year for those 65-74 years of age. Conclutions: The risk of each factor is not equal in CHA2DS2-VASc score, with age 65-74 years associated with the highest stroke rate. Oral anticoagulation should be considered for AF patients with 1 another stroke risk factor given their high risk of ischaemic stroke.Article summary: The risk of each factor is not equal in CHA2DS2-VASc score. Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor of ischaemic stroke. Oral anticoagulation should be considered for AF patients with 1 another stroke risk factor given their high risk of ischaemic stroke. It is the retrospective nature of the study. We were not able to clearly confirm the cause of ischaemic stroke because it can be due to AF-related thromboembolism or atherosclerosis and thrombosis of the cerebral artery.

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism is a common vascular syndrome presenting as deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. Thrombus has the possibility of migrating into the left circulation via patent foramen ovale in certain extreme circumstances. Thrombus straddling a patent foramen ovale is a direct evidence of this scenario. However, the confirmed cases of thrombus in transit are still rare. CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old man suffered from recurrent syncope and intermittent dyspnea for 1 wk. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed a thrombus straddling the patent foramen ovale, and thrombi were also found in the bilateral pulmonary artery by computed tomography. The man underwent inferior vena cava filter placement and thrombolysis with alteplase. Echocardiography showed the absence of thrombi in both the right atrium and left atrium 2 d after hospitalization. The man was discharged to home on warfarin without any complications 2 wk later. CONCLUSION Scrutinizing intracardiac thrombi provides measurable value in pulmonary embolism as closure of patent foramen ovale may be considered in certain patients. Early intervention plays a critical role in thrombus straddling a patent foramen ovale. A sedentary lifestyle may predispose young adults to thromboembolism, even if there are no other risk factors.

Case 1 In June 2010, a 7-month-old boy was admitted because of heart failure. He experienced feeding intolerance since birth and was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy at his local hospital. At admission, a grade 3/6 systolic murmur was heard at the cardiac apex. His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed deep and wide Q waves in leads I, aVL and V3–V5 (Fig. 1), raising suspicion of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). Echocardiography demonstrated markedly dilated left ventricle (LV) and atrium with preserved LV ejection fraction and severe mitral regurgitation. Color Doppler imaging showed the