为深入了解中山市挥发性有机物(VOCs)来源及对臭氧的影响,基于2021年1-12月VOCs在线监测数据,对大气VOCs体积分数、组分特征、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和来源情况进行了研究.结果表明:中山市大气 VOCs 体积分数日均值为2.61×10-9～1.14×10-7,年均值为 2.18×10-8,其中,烷烃是占比最大的组分,占 60.0％,其次是芳香烃和烯烃,分别占 25.9％和9.3％.除乙烯外,臭氧污染日前十物种体积分数较非污染日上升 6％～49％.中山市 OFP平均值为 228.43 μg/m3,其中,芳香烃和烯烃是贡献率较高的组分,间/对二甲苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯和异戊二烯等是关键活性物种.VOCs主要来源有机动车排放源、油气挥发源、工业源、燃烧源、溶剂使用源、天然源.溶剂使用源和工业源是 OFP贡献率最高的污染源,贡献率分别为 25.5％和 24.0％,燃烧源、油气挥发源、天然源和机动车排放源贡献率分别为 14.1％、13.3％、11.6％和 11.5％.

利用数值天气预报模式和嵌套网格空气质量预报系统的来源解析模块(WRF-NAQPMS/OSAM)对中山市2019年9月1次臭氧(O3)污染过程进行了模拟分析,并对O3来源进行了解析.结果表明,WRF-NAQPMS/OSAM模型能较好地模拟出该时段的O3浓度.此次污染过程区域传输对中山市O3浓度贡献显著,平均贡献比例为82.9％,本地平均贡献比例为17.1％,对中山市O3贡献最大的2个来源分别是溶剂源和交通源,平均贡献占比分别为43.0％和42.7％.另外,工业源的贡献也不可忽略,平均贡献占比为11.0％.中山市O3总体上处于挥发性有机物(VOCs)控制区,结合臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分析和源解析结果,溶剂源、交通源和工业源排放的甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、1,2,3-三甲苯、正丁烷和异戊烷对O3形成贡献显著,是中山市O3污染治理应注意的重要前体物.建议中山市建立以VOCs控制为主导,VOCs和氮氧化物(NOX)协同控制的长期O3防控策略.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the key precursors of the ozone (O3) formation processes in the troposphere and are important control objects for the coordinated governance of O3 and PM2.5. The Spring Festival of 2020 was affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia epidemic:companies stopped work and production, and traffic was restricted, providing scientific experimentation opportunities for pollutant emission reduction research. This study analyzed the variety of the composition, chemical reaction activity, and sources of VOCs in the Pearl River Delta during the Spring Festival and the epidemic control period, using real-time online monitoring data of VOCs obtained at four sites(Guangzhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Duanfen)in the Pearl River Delta from January 1, 2020 to February 29, 2020. The results showed that during the Spring Festival and the epidemic control period, the average of φ (VOCs) in the Pearl River Delta was 15.89×10-9, and the maximum hourly average concentration was 45.43×10-9, values that were 44% and 60% lower, respectively, than those before the Spring Festival holiday. Among the VOCs component concentration decreases, the aromatic hydrocarbon component decreased the most, and the decrease in the urban area of the Pearl River Delta (74%) was significantly greater than that in the suburban area (56%). As a result, the contribution rate of aromatic hydrocarbons to the total VOCs was reduced to less than 10%. The analysis of the·OH reaction activity of VOCs(L·OH)and ozone formation potential(OFP)showed that the L·OH and OFP of VOCs decreased significantly in the Pearl River Delta during the Spring Festival and the epidemic control period. Compared with those before the Spring Festival holiday, the total L·OH and total OFP decreased by an average of 60% and 63% in the urban area of the Pearl River Delta, respectively. Additionally, the atmospheric oxidation had also been significantly reduced, which showed a 28% decrease in ρ(Ox). The ratio of toluene/benzene showed that the influence of industrial sources had almost disappeared during the Spring Festival and the epidemic control period, and the total points of the representative components of industrial-related solvent-use sources such as toluene, ethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene dropped by 72% to 91%. The results of this study suggest that solvent-use sources and vehicle exhaust emission sources are the current sources of VOCs that need to be paid attention to in the prevention and control of O3 pollution in the Pearl River Delta region, and the impact of petrochemical sources cannot be ignored in the work of further reducing the background concentration of O3.

The contents of soil heavy metals,such as Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As,in surface soil(0~20cm)from different types of enterprises surrounding Zhongshan Municipality,were investigated.Two indices-the Index of Geoaccumulation and the Potential Ecological Risk Index-were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution.The results indicated that the contents of 7kinds of heavy metals exceeded the soil background values of Guangdong Province except Pb.And the pollution levels of soils in the study area are characterized as being low to moderate with the evaluation of the Index of Geoaccumulation,imposing a strong potential ecological risk.There was a significant correlation to Cr,Ni,Cu and Zn through statistical analysis.The pollution heavy metals were dominated by Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn,followed by As,Hg and Cd.

It was introduced by the intermediate checks about flux of TH-110B atmosphere sampler,evaluated by En value.And the results were validated by check experiment.It was satisfied by the results.

广东中山横栏六沙水质氨氮监测使用的是澳大利亚格林斯潘公司Aqualab水质监测系统,在周核查和月比对中[1]发现氨氮的自动测量值连续偏低,经过分析[2],找出导致氨氮测量值偏低的原因,并提出相应的解决办法[3].

Based on the data of permanganate index of the Qijiang River monitored during the last 7 years,and applying the method of prediction of the grey system theory,a model of grey prediction of permanganate index of Qijiang River was designed,and its permanganate indexes of the years 2006,2007 and 2008 were found to be(5.3,) 5.4 and 5.4 respectively.

The gray predication method was applied on the base of permanganate index of Qijiang river in zhongshan city. The gray predication model of permanganate index was designed. And the values of permanganate index in 2003, 2004 and 2005 year were 4.8, 4.7 and 5.3 through the prediction model.

采用连续流动分析技术对环境水样中的CODCr进行大批量快速测定,与国标法(重铬酸钾法)有可比性,分析结果具有良好的准确性和重现性,方法检出限1.3,对标准样品分析的准确度在98%以上,变异系数在0.21%～1.00%之间,实际水样的检测结果与重铬酸钾法的相对偏差为0.4%～1.4%,环境水样和工业废水的加标回收率为93%～101%.

对几种吡啶-2,6-二甲酸类配体与EDTA、铽的三元配合物在溶液中的荧光性能进行了研究,溶液pH值和溶剂效应对体系荧光的影响也分别进行了探讨.4-甲氧基吡啶-2,6-二甲酸(MDPA)和4-乙氧基吡啶-2,6-二甲酸(EDPA)等配体在这种三元体系中的敏化性能比常用的吡啶-2,6-二甲酸(DPA)好,其中4-乙酰氨基吡啶-2,6-二甲酸(ADPA)特别优异. 不论在二元配合物体系还是在三元配合物体系中,均具有发光强度大、寿命长的特点.

Various 4-alkoxypyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acids were synthesized starting from 2, 6- lutidine. Through aldol condensation and Michael addition, various 4-arylpyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acids were synthesized starting from aromatic aldehydes and 2-acetylfuran.

Two new compounds, isoquinoline-1, 3-dicarboxyaldehyde and (IDA) were synthesized via 6 or 7 steps starting from benzaldehyde, or prepared via 4 steps starting from allylbenzene.

研究了微波消解-有机溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法.对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验,选择冰醋酸-高氯酸(体积比4:1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品,用30%( )苯的石油醚溶液提取,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除p,p＇-DDT为60.3%外,其余均在83.4%～109.6%之间,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当.该法具有快速,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定.