The content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS) is a critical indicator of the quality and quantity of Codonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula), though the biosynthetic mechanism of CPPS accumulation through the application of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris) remains unclear. Therefore, when planting C. pilosula, we applied R. palustris through spraying and root irrigation (10 ml), and harvested its fresh roots, stems and leaves as experimental materials. Agronomic traits and CPPS content were determined, while transcriptome sequencing was analyzed, with gene expression verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results revealed that the phenotype of C. pilosula was improved, and the content of CPPS in roots, stems, and leaves increased by 90.22%, 61.11%, and 20.00%, respectively. Following sequencing, 10,880, 8,578, and 12,340 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to R. palustris application. The DEGs in each tissue were primarily enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, MAPK signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction. A total of 12 genes encoding sucrose synthase (SUS), hexokinase (HK), β-fructofuranosidase (sacA), and fructokinase (scrK) were significantly upregulated in the tissues, with expression levels higher in roots than in stems and leaves. Additionally, 10 genes encoding proteins with jasmonate ZIM domains (JAZ), coronatine-insensitive protein 1 (COI1), and transcription factor MYC2 (MYC2) may be closely associated with the improvement of agronomic traits in C. pilosula. This study demonstrated that C. pilosula's response to exogenous R. palustris induced the activation of SUS, HK, sacA, scrK, JAZ, COI1, and MYC2 activities. The upregulation of genes regulating these enzymes contributed to the increased CPPS content and the enhancement of agronomic traits in C. pilosula. These findings provide a reference for cultivating high-quality C. pilosula at the molecular level.

Background/Objectives: Rhamnetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside (ARR) is a major flavonoid of the herb Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav., which has been used for treating liver diseases in China. However, the protective effect of ARR on the liver has not been reported. Methods: Zebrafish larvae were used as a visual animal model, and liver injury was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) for an acute liver injury (ALI) model. The hepatoprotective activity of ARR was evaluated by assessing liver morphology, liver function indices, oxidative stress, and the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the zebrafish model. Additionally, the ROS level, inflammatory factors, and protein expression related to the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured to investigate a potential mechanism of ARR in HepG2 cells. Results: ARR ameliorated TAA-induced growth retardation, reduced liver injury phenotypes, and decreased oxidative stress in the zebrafish. ARR was also able to lower ROS levels in HepG2 cells, effectively inhibit the overactivation of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway in pathological conditions, inhibit NF-κB p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and reduce the release of intracellular inflammatory factors. Conclusions: ARR showed significant protective activity against TAA-induced liver injury in in vivo and in vitro models, and its potential mechanism was closely related to the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Lead is a ubiquitous pollutant and Pb pollution is a global public health problem. Lead has been reported to induce multiple adverse effects, including reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hypertension[1]. The traditional medical treatment available for Pb poisoning is chelation, which can save lives in individuals with very high blood Pb levels. The commonly used chelating agents include CaNa2EDTA and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. However, chelation therapy has strong short-term effects on the overall long-term management of Pb exposure.

光合细菌作为环境友好型有益菌,具有生物修复有机污染物和重金属污染的功能,在环保领域被广泛应用.本文将光合细菌中球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides,H菌株)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodop-seudomonas palustris,N菌株)和深红红螺菌(Rhodospirilliumrubrum,M菌株)进行混合培养,优化了培养条件,分析了光合细菌混合菌的生长动力学.实验结果表明:光合细菌混合菌的适宜培养条件为接种量(接种后的初始培养菌含量)1.7×109 CFU/mL、培养基初始pH值为7、培养温度30℃和光照厌氧.在此条件下,光合细菌混合菌的最大比生长速率最大,延滞期最短,活菌数最高.在不同培养条件下,光合细菌混合菌的生长规律均符合修正的Gompertz动力学方程;且光合细菌混合菌的最大比生长速率μmax较球形红细菌、沼泽红假单胞菌或深红红螺菌3种单一纯菌株分别增大了0.003 h-1,0.006 h-1及0.003 h-1,延滞期λ分别减小了11.1 h,12.7 h及10.6 h.通过混合培养,提高了光合细菌的活菌数.

Rhodopseudomonas palustris had the effect of adsorbing and removing lead ions. Metabolomics is a comprehensive analysis based on several metabolites or biomarkers. The paper aimed to investigate the restorative effect and the potential mechanisms of R. palustris in rats with the lead exposure model using 1H-NMR metabolomics. Nine endogenous metabolites from rat plasma and 13 endogenous metabolites from rat urine were identified as potential biomarkers of the symptoms of lead poisoning. The changes of metabolites levels in the plasma included lower levels of valine, acetoacetate, and N-acetyl-glycoprotein and a higher concentration of lactate, acetate, creatine, threonine, glutamine, and asparagine in model group compared with control group. Furthermore, increased citrate, succinate, dimethylamine, pyruvate, acetoacetate, α-oxoglutarate and asparagine, accompanied by decreased LDL/VLDL, taurine, creatinine, glucose and hippurate levels were observed in the model group compared with the control group in the urine. Biochemical parameters and histopathology examination dovetailed well with the metabolomics data. Treatment with R. palustris at a certain degree returned the levels of these metabolites to normal levels. Plasma and urine metabolomic analysis showed changes associated with energy metabolism, amino acids and fatty acid metabolism of lead exposure rats. The effects of removing lead ions of R. palustris in rats with lead exposure were confirmed. This research demonstrated that 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was a promising tool to identify potential biomarkers and unravel protective effect mechanisms of R. palustris in lead poisoning rats.

目的:探究两种光合细菌菌剂(沼泽红假单胞菌菌剂及混合光合细菌菌剂)对栽培党参品质的影响.方法:喷施不同浓度沼泽红假单胞菌菌剂及混合光合细菌菌剂,对栽培党参的生长特性(单根干重、单根鲜重、根长、根直径)、有效成分(党参炔苷、党参多糖)、常量元素(氮、磷、钾)及重金属(铅、镉、汞、砷、铜)含量进行测定,并进行两两相关性分析,筛选合适的菌剂使用浓度.结果:经不同浓度沼泽红假单胞菌菌剂及混合光合细菌菌剂喷施后,党参根长、多糖含量、全氮、全磷含量均有所提升,全钾含量有所降低;重金属铅、汞、铜的含量显著降低,镉含量升高;所有光合细菌菌剂处理组的党参炔苷含量、砷含量与对照组之间无显著差异;所有处理组重金属含量均符合国家及行业限量标准;经多因素相关性分析发现,各指标之间存在相关性.结论:光合细菌菌剂能够改善栽培党参的质量,也有利于药材的安全性,以沼泽红假单胞菌200倍稀释菌剂效果较好.

[背景]北桑寄生(Loranthus tanakae)植物中黄酮类化合物成分含量较高,生物活性较好.由于植物资源短缺,导致其生物活性成分的研究受限.[目的]从北桑寄生中分离、筛选和鉴定产黄酮类化合物的内生菌,并评估其体外抗氧化和抑菌活性.[方法]以北桑寄生枝条为研究对象分离内生菌,通过显色反应和薄层色谱法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)筛选产黄酮类化合物的内生菌,并采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法测定其总黄酮含量.利用清除自由基和抑菌的体外实验来初步评估产黄酮内生菌的生物活性.[结果]共筛选出4株产黄酮内生菌,其中3株为内生真菌,1株为内生细菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法将其分别鉴定为Botryosphaeria sp.(ZC020)、Phoma sp.(ZZ105)、Nemania sp.(ZS042)和 Pseudomonas sp.(ZC026).4 株菌中 ZC020和 ZS042 的总黄酮含量较高,分别为(44.58±0.72)mg/L 和(31.98±0.18)mg/L(P＜0.05,n=3),并且ZS042可产生与北桑寄生植物相同类型的黄酮类化合物.ZC026和ZS042表现出优异的抗氧化活性,其 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和 2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS]自由基清除率分别为 72.85％±0.66％(ZC026)、57.01％±0.89％(ZS042)和 85.36％±0.75％(ZC026)、88.17％±0.15％(ZS042)(P＜0.05,n=3).ZZ105对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用.[结论]从北桑寄生枝条中分离出4株产黄酮类化合物的内生菌,其中有一株为内生细菌.这项工作为北桑寄生黄酮类化合物的生产提供了新的资源,也为其他珍稀药用植物和材料的开发和保护提供了参考.

AIMS:Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav is a medicinal plant that has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, its study is currently limited because of its relative shortage of natural abundance. The objective of this work was to find an alternative resource from this plant that could produce its bioactive ingredients.METHODS AND RESULTS:We isolated endophytic fungi from the twigs of Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav and eight flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi were selected. The eight endophytic fungi meeting the criteria were identified as Alternaria tenuissima, Dothiorella gregaria, Penicillium aethiopicum, Nothophoma quercina and Hypoxylon perforatum by morphological and molecular methods. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi were investigated in vitro, where Alternaria tenuissima ZP28 and ZM148 demonstrated greater activities than the other six strains. Flavonoids of ZP28 and ZM148 were preliminarily identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).CONCLUSION:After screening the flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi, Alternaria tenuissima ZP28 and ZM148 were found to have good antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Overall, this study provided new direction and resources for the acquisition of flavonoids.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY:Endophytic fungi are a promising alternative approach for the large-scale production of flavonoids from Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav.

[背景]前期工作中筛选出一株产α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的细菌,经分子生物学方法鉴定为鸟肠球菌(Enterococcus avium).α-L-鼠李糖苷酶能够从天然类黄酮化合物中特异性切割末端鼠李糖,在食品生产、医药加工和化工等方面具有极大的开发前景和应用价值.[目的]克隆、表达鸟肠球菌中α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因,进一步对重组蛋白的酶学性质进行研究.[方法]以鸟肠球菌(Enterococcus avium) strain 352基因组中推定的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶基因序列为基础,设计特异性引物扩增其编码区序列.以pET-28a(+)为载体构建重组表达质粒,将重组蛋白在Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)感受态细胞中进行诱导表达.使用镍亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,以pNPR为底物测定重组蛋白的酶学性质.[结果]重组蛋白EaRha1分子量大小约为130 kDa.以pNPR为底物,EaRha1最适pH是7.0,最适温度为50℃,在pH 5.0-8.0稳定性较好,在40℃以下能保持较高酶活.金属离子对EaRha1有不同程度的促进或抑制作用.甲醇对EaRha1有抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着甲醇浓度的增大而增强.酶动力学常数Km和Vmax分别为0.35 mmol/L和4.2 μmol/(mg·min) (R2=0.999).EaRha1能催化水解新橙皮苷、柚皮苷和芦丁.[结论]通过对重组蛋白EaRha1酶学性质的研究,确定了该蛋白对黄酮类化合物的水解特性,为黄酮类化合物的生物转化奠定了理论基础.

对3种具有土壤中多种重金属污染修复和病虫害防治功能的光合细菌(Photosynthetic bacteria,PSB,包括Rhodobacter sphaeroides H菌株、Rhodopseudomonas palustris N菌株和Rhodospirillium rubrum M菌株)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)和植物乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)进行混合培养,利用单因素和响应面试验优化培养基配方以及培养条件.确定功能菌混合培养的最佳条件:以光合细菌培养基为基础培养基,外加碳源为10 g/L蔗糖、氮源为1.25 g/L硫酸铵、培养温度为31.5℃、初始pH值为7.1、接种量为接种后的初始培养活菌数1.90×109 cfu/mL、培养时间为28.0 h.通过功能菌的加性模型法、生长动力学以及混合培养的生长关系分析表明,光合细菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的生长均存在互惠互利关系.

目的 探讨不同剂量沼泽红假单胞菌对健康小鼠生理功能及肠道微生物结构的影响.方法 将48只C57/BL6小鼠随机分为对照组(无菌生理盐水)以及沼泽红假单胞菌低剂量组(5×108 CFU/mL)、中剂量组(5×109 CFU/mL)、高剂量组(5×1010CFU/mL),每组12只;不同剂量灌胃4周后,测定小鼠胃泌素(Gas)、生长抑素(SS)含量,观察肠道形态,并应用Illumina-MiSeq测序平台进行16SrRNA基因V3-V4区测序,分析其肠道微生物群落结构、多样性及组间差异.结果 与对照组相比,低剂量组对促进小鼠Gas分泌差异具有统计学意义(t=6.426,P＜0.01),高剂量组对抑制小鼠SS分泌差异具有统计学意义(t=3.711,P＜0.05);对照组小鼠回肠肠绒毛高度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且无肠道炎症刺激反应.沼泽红假单胞菌干预后细菌丰富度和多样性增加,在门水平上,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠肠道菌群拟杆菌门丰度显著降低,厚壁菌门丰度显著增加(均P＜0.05);在属水平上,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠肠道菌群Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group、乳杆菌属、拟杆菌属、理研菌属和Prevotellaceae UCG-001相对丰度显著增加(均P＜0.05).结论 沼泽红假单胞菌能够维持胃肠激素稳态和肠道形态结构,且对健康小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度和组成产生一定的影响,维持肠道平衡与稳定.

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play a crucial role in plant defense against pathogens and adaptation to environmental stresses, some of which are produced from medicinal plants and are the material basis of clinical efficacy and vital indicators for quality evaluation of corresponding medicinal materials. The influence of plant microbiota on plant nutrient uptake, production, and stress tolerance has been revealed, but the associations between plant microbiota and the accumulation of SMs in medicinal plants remain largely unknown. Plant SMs can vary among individuals, which could be partly ascribed to the shift in microbial community associated with the plant host. In the present study, we sampled fine roots and rhizosphere soils of Sophora flavescens grown in four well-separated cities/counties in China and determined the taxonomic composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities using Illumina 16S amplicon sequencing. In addition, the association of the rhizosphere bacterial microbiota with the accumulation of alkaloids in the roots of S. flavescens was analyzed. The results showed that S. flavescens hosted distinct bacterial communities in the rhizosphere across geographic locations and plant ages, also indicating that geographic location was a larger source of variation than plant age. Moreover, redundancy analysis revealed that spatial, climatic (mean annual temperature and precipitation), and edaphic factors (pH and available N and P) were the key drivers that shape the rhizosphere bacterial communities. Furthermore, the results of the Mantel test demonstrated that the rhizosphere bacterial microbiota was remarkably correlated with the contents of oxymatrine, sophoridine, and matrine + oxymatrine in roots. Specific taxa belonging to Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were identified as potential beneficial bacteria associated with the total accumulation of matrine and oxymatrine by a random forest machine learning algorithm. Finally, the structural equation modeling indicated that the Actinobacteria phylum had a direct effect on the total accumulation of matrine and oxymatrine. The present study addresses the association between the rhizosphere bacterial communities and the accumulation of alkaloids in the medicinal plant S. flavescens. Our findings may provide a basis for the quality improvement and sustainable utilization of this medicinal plant thorough rhizosphere microbiota manipulation.

α-rhamnrtin-3-α-rhamnoside (ARR) is the principal compound extracted from Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav. However, its underlying pharmacological properties remain undetermined. Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body; however, the excessive activation of the inflammatory response can result in physical injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ARR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured via a NO colorimetric kit. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, were detected using ELISAs. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR analysis was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced RAW246.7 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to measure the expression levels of NF-κB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway-related proteins to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response. The results of the cytotoxicity assay revealed that doses of ARR ≤200 µg/ml exhibited no significant effect on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The results of the Griess assay demonstrated that ARR inhibited the production of NO. In addition, the results of the ELISAs and RT-qPCR analysis discovered that ARR reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the proinflammatory mediators, PGE2, iNOS and COX-2, in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ARR inhibited LPS-induced activation of TNF-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and NF-κB p65 signaling molecules, while reversing the downregulation of the NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) signaling molecule, which was consistent with the results of the western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence results indicated that ARR reduced the increase of NF-κB p65 nuclear expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, the results of the western blotting experiments also revealed that ARR upregulated heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and Nrf2 pathway molecules. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that ARR may exert anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating NF-κB and activating Nrf2-mediated inflammatory responses, suggesting that ARR may be an attractive anti-inflammatory candidate drug.

为了研究光合细菌对铬污染土壤中小白菜生长的影响,通过盆栽试验研究了在铬污染土壤中接种光合细菌对小白菜株高、根长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、地上部分和根系铬含量的影响以及土壤中铬的形态变化.结果表明:在重金属铬胁迫下,浓度越高,对小白菜的生长抑制越明显.接种光合细菌后能够显著促进铬胁迫下小白菜植株的生长,与对照组相比,小白菜的株高和根长分别平均增加了7.31％和5.17％,叶绿素和可溶性糖含量分别提高了12.30％～20.89％和10.07％～15.93％,且在加菌量为108个/克土时效果最好;小白菜地上部和根系的铬含量分别降低了33.32％和18.46％,且铬含量主要积累于根部.究其原因主要为光合细菌能改变土壤中铬的形态分布,将不稳定态转变为稳定态,降低了铬的生物利用度.研究结果可以为铬污染土壤的修复和农作物的安全生产提供理论依据.

为了研究光合细菌和生物炭对铬污染土壤的修复效果,采用光合细菌球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)H菌株和生物炭为修复材料,模拟铬污染土壤为研究对象,通过盆栽试验研究了H菌株、生物炭、H菌株和生物炭联合对铬污染土壤中铬的稳定化效果以及对小白菜的株高、根长、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量的影响.结果表明:修复30 d后,H菌株和生物炭联合修复的效果要优于单施H菌株和生物炭,并且当菌株添加量为108 CFU·g-1和生物炭添加量(质量比)为1％即T6处理时,修复效果最好,较单加H菌株和生物炭,铬的生物可利用性分别降低了8.03％和9.11％,土壤中的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性比不添加菌株和生物炭即CK处理分别升高了58.72％、98.25％、136.58％和61.03％.T6处理对铬胁迫下小白菜的促生效果显著,与CK组相比,小白菜植株地上部分和根系的铬含量分别降低了26.67％和14.84％,极大地促进了铬胁迫下小白菜植株的生长,叶片的叶绿素和可溶性糖含量分别升高了30.08％和17.39％.经XPS和XRD分析结果推测H菌株和生物炭的主要修复机制为混合还原和静电吸附,二者对铬污染土壤具有较好的修复效果,且对小白菜具有较好的促生效果.

目的 利用斑马鱼模型与代谢组学技术研究瓦他拉尼对血管生成的抑制作用,探索血管生成相关的内源性小分子代谢物.方法 采用受精后24 h(hour post fertilization,hpf)的Tg(VEGFR2:GFP)型转基因斑马鱼为实验动物,分为对照组、瓦他拉尼组和恢复组.瓦他拉尼组加入瓦他拉尼0.4μg/ml处理至72 hpf.恢复组加入瓦他拉尼0.4μg/ml处理12 h后移除药液,置正常培养液中培养至72 hpf.对照组置正常培养液中培养至72 hpf.用荧光显微镜观察每组斑马鱼胚胎节间血管的生长情况.收集各组斑马鱼,进行组织破碎、提取代谢物、衍生化处理,采用气相色谱质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry,GC-MS)进行代谢组学分析.结果 瓦他拉尼处理斑马鱼48 h后,斑马鱼节间血管的生长被显著抑制(P<0.01).先用瓦塔拉尼处理12 h后,在移除药物继续培养至72 hpf的斑马鱼节间血管出现明显恢复.代谢组学结果显示正常对照组、瓦他拉尼组和恢复组在偏最小二乘法-模式判别(PLS-DA)模型中可明显区分,进一步筛选出16种内源性小分子代谢物可能与斑马鱼血管生成相关,包括丙酮酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甘油、磷酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、葡萄糖、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和胆固醇.结论 瓦他拉尼对斑马鱼的节间血管生成具有显著的抑制作用,其抑制作用可能与影响血管生成过程的内源性小分子代谢物有关.

首次对药用植物北桑寄生叶片中的内生真菌进行分离纯化,从中筛选出具有较高生物活性的菌株,鉴定此菌株并对其次级代谢产物进行初步分离.采用组织块法分离内生真菌,对其进行抗氧化活性和抑菌活性筛选;通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定其种属;运用柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离次级代谢产物,波谱学鉴定其结构.从北桑寄生叶片中分离纯化得到29株内生真菌,检测得到一株具有较高抗氧化和抑菌活性的菌株,鉴定为Alternaria alternata,从该菌次级代谢产物中首次分离得到3个单体化合物,分别为alternariol-5-O-methyl ether(1)、alternariol(2)、cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (3).化合物1和2具有较弱的抗氧化活性,化合物1和3表现出一定的抑菌活性.

以枸杞子为试材,采用超声波-酶协同法提取枸杞子中的总黄酮,通过单因素试验与响应面分析法分析液料比、纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH和超声时间对枸杞总黄酮提取率的影响,优化得出最佳工艺参数.结果 表明:超声波-酶协同提取枸杞总黄酮的最佳提取条件为液料比20∶1mL·g-1、纤维素酶添加量1.0％、酶解时间1.5h、酶解温度51℃、酶解pH5.1和超声时间21 min,该条件下枸杞总黄酮的提取率为1.3％,与模型的预计值基本相符;枸杞总黄酮具有对DPPH自由基清除能力和对Fe3+还原能力,呈抗氧化活性,并且抗氧化活性与质量浓度呈一定的量效关系.

目的 ;利用斑马鱼模型研究中药乳香的发育毒性作用及可能的毒性靶器官.方法:使用甲醇提取获得的乳香提取物(0.48、0.96、1.59、2.39、4.78μg/mL)处理4hpf(hours post fertilization) AB系斑马鱼胚胎4d,观察斑马鱼胚胎24、48、72、96hpf的死亡率、48hpf和72hpf的孵化率、96hpf的畸形率和体长.进一步利用同样浓度乳香提取物处理4hpf心肌转基因标记品系Tg(cmlc2: EGFP)斑马鱼胚胎3d,观察72hpf时斑马鱼胚胎的心率、心包面积、静脉窦和动脉球(SV-BA)距离,评价乳香对斑马鱼胚胎的心脏发育毒性.采用吖啶橙染色法初步考查乳香造成心脏毒性的作用机制.结果:48hpf 1.59、2.39、4.78μ咖L-香可引起斑马鱼孵化延迟(P＜0.01),48hpf 4.78μg/mL孔香致斑马鱼发育畸形(P＜0.01),96hpf 2.39、4.78 μ g/mL乳香致斑马鱼体长缩短(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),具体会引起心脏、鱼鳔、卵黄囊等器官组织的发育畸形;2.39、4.78μg/mL乳香可造成斑马鱼胚胎心脏心率降低、心包水肿、SV-BA距离增加(P＜0.01),心脏毒性可能与心肌细胞凋亡有关.结论:乳香对斑马鱼胚胎发育具有一定毒性作用,心脏、鱼鳔、卵黄囊为可能的毒性靶器官/组织,其心脏毒性可能与其诱导心肌细胞发生凋亡有关.

目的 探讨UPI、SCL-90量表在大学生心理健康筛查中的作用,并比较其相互间关系,为完善高校大学生心理健康教育工作 、开展学生心理危机干预提供参考.方法 通过在选修课堂上向354名学生发放问卷星平台制作的UPI与SCL-90调查问卷,进行线上测查并回收分析.结果 UPIⅠ 类筛选率高于SCL-90各筛选标准,其中UPIⅡ 类与 Ⅰ 类重复筛选比例较高,占总样本的20.4％.总样本的SCL-90各因子的平均水平与全国青年常模比较,其中部分因子存在显著性差异.对预先设置的5个要素进行均值比较表明,居住地 、经济和独生子女3因素对结果有显著影响.UPIⅠ 类与SCL-90总分水平标准的一致性较好,Kappa值为0.428.结论 UPI的分类存在重复,其较高的筛选率存在误诊风险.强迫症状 、人际关系敏感 、焦虑与精神病性因子明显高于常模,可以确定人群中存在普遍的症状.居住地 、家庭经济 、是否独生子女对结果影响较明显.UPI与SCL-90在实际应用时应互补使用,综合做出较为准确的诊断.